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Forschungsbericht 2012
(2012)
Forschungsbericht 2016
(2016)
Meniscal tears in the avascular zone have a poor self-healing potential, however partial meniscectomy predisposes the knee for early osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells and a hyaluronan collagen based scaffold is a promising approach to repair meniscal tears in the avascular zone. 4 mm longitudinal meniscal tears in the avascular zone of lateral menisci of New Zealand White Rabbits were performed. The defect was left empty, sutured with a 5-0 suture or filled with a hyaluronan/collagen composite matrix without cells, with platelet rich plasma or with autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Matrices with stem cells were in part precultured in chondrogenic medium for 14 days prior to the implantation. Menisci were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. The developed repair tissue was analyzed macroscopically, histologically and biomechanically. Untreated defects, defects treated with suture alone, with cell-free or with platelet rich plasma seeded implants showed a muted fibrous healing response. The implantation of stem cell-matrix constructs initiated fibrocartilage-like repair tissue, with better integration and biomechanical properties in the precultured stem cell-matrix group. A hyaluronan-collagen based composite scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells is more effective in the repair avascular meniscal tear with stable meniscus-like tissue and to restore the native meniscus.
Forschung 2018
(2018)
Forschungsbericht 2013
(2014)
Forschungsbericht 2017
(2017)
The development of biomimetic robots has gained research interest in the last years as it may both help under-standing processes of motion execution in biological systems as well as developping a novel generation of intelligent and energy efficient robots. However, exact model generation that builds up on observations and robot design is very time intensive. In this paper we present a novel pipeline for co-development of biomimetic hardware and simulation models based on biological Computer Tomography (CT) data. For this purpose we exploit State of the Art rapid prototyping technologies such as 3D Printing and the Neurorobotics Platform for musculoskeletal simulations in virtual environments. The co-development integrates both advantages of virtual and physical experimental models and is expected to increase development speed of controllers that can be tested on the simulated counterpart before application to a printed robot model. We demonstrate the pipeline by generating a one year old infant model as a musculoskeletal simulation model and a print-in-place 3D printed skeleton as a single movable part. Even though we hereonly introduce the initial body generation and only a first testsetup for a modular sensory and control framework, we can clearly spot advantages in terms of rapid model generation and highly biological related models. Engineering costs are reducedand models can be provided to a wide research community for controller testing in an early development phase.
A prospective randomized controlled trial is presented that is used to compare gait performance between the computer assisted Femur First (CAS FF) operation method and conventional THR (CON). 60 patients underwent a 3D gait analysis of the lower extremity at pre-operative, 6 months post-operative and twelve months post-operative. Detailed verification experiments were facilitated to ensure the quality of data as well as to avoid over-interpreting of the data. The results confirm a similar data-quality as reported in the literature. Walking speed, range of motion and symmetry thereof improved over the follow-up period, without significant differences between the groups. While all parameters do significantly increase over the follow-up period for both groups, there were no significant differences between them at any given time-point. Patients undergoing CAS FF showed a trend to improved hip flexion angle indicating a possible long-term benefit.
We aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative leg length/offset (LL/OS) reconstruction and gait performance after total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the course of a prospective randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with unilateral hip arthrosis received cementless THA through a minimally-invasive anterolateral surgical approach. One year post-operatively, LL and global OS restoration were analyzed and compared to the contralateral hip on AP pelvic radiographs. The combined postoperative limb length/OS reconstruction of the operated hip was categorized as restored (within 5 mm) or non-restored (more than 5 mm reduction or more than 5 mm increment). The acetabular component inclination, anteversion and femoral component anteversion were evaluated using CT scans of the pelvis and the femur. 3D gait analysis of the lower extremity and patient related outcome measures (HHS, HOOS, EQ-5D) were obtained pre-operatively, six months and twelve months post-operatively by an observer blinded to radiographic results. Component position of cup and stem was comparable between the restored and non-restored group. Combined LL and OS restoration within 5 mm resulted in higher Froude number (p < 0.001), normalized walking speed (p < 0.001) and hip range-of-motion (ROM) (p = 0.004) during gait twelve months postoperatively, whereas gait symmetry was comparable regardless of LL and OS reconstruction at both examinations. Clinical scores did not show any relevant association between the accuracy of LL or OS reconstruction and gait six/twelve months after THA. In summary, postoperative LL/OS discrepancies larger than 5 mm relate to unphysiological gait kinematics within the first year after THA. DRKS00000739, German Clinical Trials Register.
Thoracolumbar spine model with articulated ribcage for the prediction of dynamic spinal loading
(2016)
Musculoskeletal modeling offers an invaluable insight into the spine biomechanics. A better understanding of thoracic spine kinetics is essential for understanding disease processes and developing new prevention and treatment methods. Current models of the thoracic region are not designed for segmental load estimation, or do not include the complex construct of the ribcage, despite its potentially important role in load transmission. In this paper, we describe a numerical musculoskeletal model of the thoracolumbar spine with articulated ribcage, modeled as a system of individual vertebral segments, elastic elements and thoracic muscles, based on a previously established lumbar spine model and data from the literature. The inverse dynamics simulations of the model allow the prediction of spinal loading as well as costal joints kinetics and kinematics. The intradiscal pressure predicted by the model correlated well (R2=0.89) with reported intradiscal pressure measurements, providing a first validation of the model. The inclusion of the ribcage did not affect segmental force predictions when the thoracic spine did not perform motion. During thoracic motion tasks, the ribcage had an important influence on the predicted compressive forces and muscle activation patterns. The compressive forces were reduced by up to 32%, or distributed more evenly between thoracic vertebrae, when compared to the predictions of the model without ribcage, for mild thoracic flexion and hyperextension tasks, respectively. The presented musculoskeletal model provides a tool for investigating thoracic spine loading and load sharing between vertebral column and ribcage during dynamic activities. Further validation for specific applications is still necessary.