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Forschungsbericht 2013
(2014)
An adequate network management is an essential part for each network permitting to keep the network performance at a suitable level. In this paper, we present our work focusing on an Ethernet network which is used as background interconnection technology for a smart home system in large buildings like tenements or an office block. In this case the network is larger and especially the applications are quite heterogeneous as compared to a private smart home system. Therefore, it is hard to supply a fair and quality of service aware network meeting all the demands. This is especially challenging in the case of an Ethernet network because this technology was intended to use it as a transparent connection system without the feature to support hard quality of service. We present how this problem could be solved by a middleware which best meets the special requirement of the mentioned use case. Finally, we discuss possible design improvements of this solution and present the recent Ethernet standards that could help solve this problem in an alternative way.
The paper at hand describes how a regional university of applied sciences tried to internationalize its learning and teaching environment. It describes the challenges encountered, the managerial approach taken, illustrates the implemented initiatives, and how effective they turned out. The results might be relevant to faculty staff in managerial positions at regional universities all over the world that face the challenge to internationalize their teaching and learning environment for the benefit of their domestic students.
As a result of the enormous growth in data traffic for autonomous driving, the conventional in-vehicle network is no longer sufficient and requires new types of network concepts in a vehicle. This part of the automobile is known as the next generation communication network. Since the new car-systems can be extended by various services at any time, the network must adapt dynamically to new requirements wherever possible. For example, data flow must be configured dynamically between new services. Also data rates will be much higher in the future than today. This is one of the main reasons why we need to search for new technologies for data transfer in vehicles. This is based on an in-vehicle ethernet network. The process of configuring networks automatically has been discussed several times in recent years. One of the next steps is verifying and validating the automatic configuration process during the development of the new communication network. This research paper identifies several ways to ensure the automatically generated network configuration leads to a secure system. To achieve that, other parts of the company’s enterprise IT architecture and network technologies, the conventional vehicle network and other options for verification and validation are analysed
Ontologies used in robotics
(2017)
Full autonomy of road vehicles is a major goal of the automotive industry. To reach such high autonomy it is necessary to provide an accurate and comprehensible situation description for the environment and the vehicle itself. A consistent depiction is essential to facilitate data exchange and communication between internal modules, e.g. collision check and environment model, as well as communication with further information sources like traffic participants vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or the infrastructure, e.g. smart traffic lights, road signs or radio traffic service (V2I). One necessary tool to create such a model could be an ontology which represents the given information and its dependencies. Initially this work provides a summary of given approaches in the literature for use of ontologies in robotics in general. Therefore approaches are stated sorted by application and task. Further approaches with focus on autonomous robots and in particular on autonomous vehicles are listed and described. Finally we give an outlook for further research topics in the domain of ontologies.
Performance Isolation of Co-located Workload in a Container-based Architecture for Automobile
(2019)
As the development in the automotive sector is facing upcoming challenges, the demand for in-vehicle computing power capacity increases and the need for flexible hardware and software structures arises, allowing dynamic managament of resources. In this new scenario, software components are to be added, removed, updated and migrated between computing units. To isolate the software components from each other and allow its orchestration, a container-based virtualization approach is being tested throughout this research. The analysis focuses on the question if this virtualization technology could be an option to ensure an interference-free operation. Four different sample applications from the automotive environment are tested for their susceptibility to resource contention. The research on the one hand shows that CPU and memory used by an application can
be largely isolated with this technology, but on the other hand, it
becomes apparent that support for I/O-heavy usage is currently
not implemented sufficiently for container engines.
A huge upheaval emerges from the transition to autonomous vehicles in the domain of road vehicles, ongoing with a change in the vehicle architecture. Many sensors and Electronic Control Units are added to the current vehicle architecture and further safety requirements like reliability become even more necessary. In this paper we present a potential evolution of the Electrical/Electronic-Architecture, including a Zone Architecture, to enable future functionality. We reveal the impact on the communication network concerning these architectures and present a potential communication technology to facilitate such architectures.
The automotive industry currently faces several challenges, including a growing complexity in system architecture. At the same time, the task load as well as the needs for performance increase. To address this problem, the A3Fa research project evaluates scalable distributed concepts for future vehicle system architectures. These can be seen as comparable to cluster-computing systems, which are applied in high-performance or high-availability use-cases. Methods used in such scenarios will also be important features in future vehicle architectures such as horizontal application scalability, application load balancing and reallocation, as well as functionality upgrades triggered by the user.
This paper focuses on concepts and methods for the reliability of applications and hardware in future in-vehicle distributed system architectures. It is argued that future automotive computing systems will evolve towards enterprise IT systems similar to today’s data centers. Furthermore, it is stated these vehicle systems can benefit greatly from IT systems.
In particular, the safety against failure of functions and hardware in such systems is discussed. For this purpose, various of such mechanisms used in information technology are investigated. A layer-based classification is proposed, representing the different fail-safe levels.
Virtualization has come a long way since its beginnings in the 1960s. Nowadays, Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) - or hypervisor-based virtualization of servers is the de facto standard in data centers and a building block of the cloud hype. In recent years, virtualization has also been adopted to embedded devices such as avionics systems and mobile phones. The first mass deployment of embedded virtualization can probably be seen in video game consoles, though. However, it is still not employed by automotive electronics. This is despite the fact that with the upcoming domain controller architecture, virtualization can yield benefits beyond a mere consolidation of a multitude of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) into a few Domain Controller Units (DCUs). This paper presents merits of automotive virtualization, especially as a foundation for DCUs.