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Online monitoring of 3D printing of steel via optical emission spectroscopy

  • Additive manufacturing by laser metal deposition (LMD) requires continuous online monitoring to ensure quality of printed parts. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is proposed for the online detection of printing defects by monitoring minute variations in the temperature of a printed spot during laser scan. A two-lens optical system is attached to a moving laser head and focused on a molten pool created on a substrate during LMD. The light emitted by the pool is collected by an ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrometer and processed. Two metrics are used to monitor variations in the surface temperature: the spectrally integrated emission intensity and correlation coefficient. The variations in the temperature are introduced by artificial defects, shallow grooves, and holes of various widths and diameters carved on a substrate surface. The metrics show sufficient sensitivity for revealing the surface defects, except for the smallest holes with an under-millimeter diameter.Additive manufacturing by laser metal deposition (LMD) requires continuous online monitoring to ensure quality of printed parts. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is proposed for the online detection of printing defects by monitoring minute variations in the temperature of a printed spot during laser scan. A two-lens optical system is attached to a moving laser head and focused on a molten pool created on a substrate during LMD. The light emitted by the pool is collected by an ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrometer and processed. Two metrics are used to monitor variations in the surface temperature: the spectrally integrated emission intensity and correlation coefficient. The variations in the temperature are introduced by artificial defects, shallow grooves, and holes of various widths and diameters carved on a substrate surface. The metrics show sufficient sensitivity for revealing the surface defects, except for the smallest holes with an under-millimeter diameter. Additionally, numeric simulations are carried out for the detection of emission in the UV–vis and near-infrared (NIR) spectral ranges at various surface temperatures. It is concluded that both the metrics perform better in the NIR range. In general, this work demonstrates that spectrally resolved OES suits well for monitoring surface defects during 3D metal printing.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Pignatelli Giuseppe, Strasse Anne, Andrey GumenyukORCiD, Igor B. GornushkinORCiD
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Materials Testing
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2022
Organisationseinheit der BAM:1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien / 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik
Verlag:De Gruyter
Jahrgang/Band:64
Ausgabe/Heft:1
Erste Seite:24
Letzte Seite:32
DDC-Klassifikation:Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / Chemie / Analytische Chemie
Freie Schlagwörter:Additive manufacturing; Laser metal deposition; Optical emission spectroscopy; Optical sensor; Process control
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Chemie und Prozesstechnik
DOI:10.1515/mt-2021-2082
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:02.03.2022
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:14.03.2022
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