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Adding experts’ perceptions to complement existing research on information systems backsourcing
(2018)
This paper extends the existing literature on information systems (IS) backsourcing by the perception of practitioners.
For this purpose, we conducted a series of qualitative, semistructured interviews with IS sourcing experts. The interview questions focused on the participants’ perceptions and experiences with the topic, on identifying reasons for and against IS backsourcing, and on revealing relevant trends pertinent to IS backsourcing. We then compared those
findings with two previously conducted comprehensive literature reviews on academic and practitioner literature on IS backsourcing. By following this approach, we contribute to the existing research by verifying previous findings, for example, the most important reasons why companies decide in favor of IS backsourcing. Additionally, we were able to enhance previous contributions as we highlight the significance of differentiating between the scope of IS backsourcing
by looking at the underlying services which are potentially backsourced. Further, we identified the importance of managers’ personal preferences as an additional reason for IS backsourcing, for example, based on personal experiences or a perceived need for change. Based on our findings, we created a comprehensive overview of all aspects connected to the IS backsourcing process and derived opportunities for further research to contribute to the IS backsourcing research agenda.
Die Operationalisierung von »Behinderung« steht vor mehrfachen Herausforderungen: Sie muss Kriterien definieren, die Verknüpfung mit sozialrechtlichen Institutionen reflektieren und beantwortbar sein – insbesondere gilt dies für Surveys, die Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Behinderungen adressieren. Basierend auf einer Analyse bestehender Lösungsstrategien fokussiert der Beitrag die Perspektive einer lebensweltangemessenen Erhebung. Dazu wurden innerhalb von Fokusgruppen und Einzelerhebungen mit Jugendlichen mit Behinderungen die Dimensionen Schwerbehindertenausweis, Selbstbild, Funktionen und Einschränkungen, Klassifikationen in Anlehnung an medizinisch-diagnostische Begriffe, die Nutzung von Hilfsmitteln sowie das Erleben von Barrieren bearbeitet. Diskutiert werden daraufhin die Reaktionen und Wünsche der Jugendlichen zur Erfassung von »Behinderung«, die Beantwortbarkeit der jeweiligen Dimensionen sowie Zusammenhänge im Sinne eines empirisch differenzierten Modells von Behinderung. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Hinweis auf aussichtsreiche Kombinationen von Dimensionen in der Operationalisierung sowie mit einem Plädoyer für den Erkenntnisgewinn mehrdimensionaler Erhebungen von »Behinderung«.
The transition towards services has been imperative for manufacturing firms for years. The change from a productoriented to a more service-dominant business model affects the organizational structure of firms. However, literature provides limited insights into how manufacturing firms organize themselves in this transition. Even though digital technologies are critical for the transition, it is unclear how to orchestrate digital and traditional Information Technology (IT) resources in manufacturing firms accordingly. We analyze the case of a typical manufacturing firm that has adjusted its structure to reorganize for solution offerings based on product, service, and digital components. Our results describe a hybrid organizational structure that splits front- and back-end units. The back-end units are split along solution components. Digital IT resources are internalized and governed decentrally, with traditional IT resources being outsourced and steered centrally. Our findings contribute to digital servitization research by clarifying the overarching as well as the digital and traditional IT-related organization for manufacturing firms.
Menschen mit Aphasie erleben häufig Einbussen in Lebensqualität, Identitäts- und Autonomieerleben sowie in sozialer Teilhabe. Aphasie-Selbsthilfegruppen (ASHG) können soziale Inklusion und Anpassungsprozesse sowie Sinnerleben fördern. Von Betroffenen geleitete psychosozial ausgerichtete Gruppen können in besonderer Weise Selbstwerterleben und Partizipation sowohl der Gruppenleitungen als auch der -mitglieder fördern. Meist werden die ASHG jedoch professionell oder von Angehörigen geleitet und integrieren Betroffene und Angehörige. Das Ziel des Projekts shalk ist, Menschen mit Aphasie durch eine passgenaue Schulung und Begleitung mit Moderationsübungen und biographischen Inhalten zu befähigen, die Leitung von ASHG zu übernehmen. Mit der Ausrichtung auf biographische Inhalte sollen explizit die Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen veränderten Identität und damit das Selbstwerterleben stimuliert werden. Die Maßnahme wurde in einem Mixed-Methods-Design mit Vor- und Nachtest sowie einer
Follow-up-Untersuchung nach sechs Monaten evaluiert. Erste quantitative Daten für zwei Gruppen zeigen signifikante Verbesserungen der Lebensqualität. Sowohl Schulung als auch Transfer in die ASHG können gelingen. Dabei sind ein flexibles, übungsorientiertes Vorgehen in den Schulungen sowie eine systematische Begleitung essenziell. Einflussfaktoren für das Gelingen wie etwa die Gruppenzusammensetzung gilt es zu untersuchen, um so das passende Vorgehen für individuelle Gruppen und die Anleitung in der sprachtherapeutischen Intervention bestimmen und das Selbsthilfepotential optimal ausschöpfen zu können.
With the increase in demand of services in the automotive industry, automotive enterprises prefer to collaborate with other qualified cross-domain partners to provide complex automotive functions (or services), such as autonomous driving, OTA (Over The Air) vehicle update, V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication), etc. One key element in cross-domain enterprise collaboration is the mutual agreement between interfaces of software components. In this context, model-to-model mappings of software component models of heterogeneous frameworks for automotive services and to explore the synergies in their interface semantics, have become an essential factor in improving the interoperability among the automotive and other cross-domain enterprises. However, one of the challenges in achieving cross-domain component interface model-to-model mappings at an application level lies in detecting the interface semantics and the semantic relations that are conveyed in different component models in different frameworks. This paper addresses this challenge using a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) based analytical approach to explore interface semantic synergies in the cross-domain component meta-models that are used for automotive services. The approach applies manual semantic checking measurements at an application interface level to understand the meanings and relations between the different meta-model entities of cross-domain framework software components. In this research, we attempt to ensure that interface description models of software components from heterogeneous frameworks can be compared, correlated and re-used for automotive services based on semantic synergies. We have demonstrated our approach using component meta-models from cross-domain enterprises, that are used for the automotive application domain.
The characteristic feature of inverse problems is their instability with respect to data perturbations. In order to stabilize the inversion process, regularization methods have to be developed and applied. In this work we introduce and analyze the concept of filtered diagonal frame decomposition which extends the standard filtered singular value decomposition to the frame case. Frames as generalized singular system allows to better adapt to a given class of potential solutions. In this paper, we show that filtered diagonal frame decomposition yield a convergent regularization method. Moreover, we derive convergence rates under source type conditions and prove order optimality under the assumption that the considered frame is a Riesz-basis.
Debora Frommeld widmet ihren Beitrag einer soziologischen und (kultur-)historischen Spurensuche von Selbstoptimierung. Das Phänomen wird in Literatur, Medien und Popkultur häufig als neuartig beschrieben. Dieser Eindruck weicht mit einer modernisierungstheoretischen Analyse zentraler gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen in Deutschland ab der Zeit um 1850 auf. Der Beitrag untersucht die Wechselwirkungen von Mensch und Technik, Technik und Ökonomie sowie Technik und (Gesundheits-)Politik am Beispiel von Optimierungsbestrebungen, die sich auf das Körpergewicht richten. Personenwaagen und Apps spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass Selbstoptimierung und Selbstvermessung in enger Beziehung stehen und als typische Kennzeichen moderner westlicher Kulturen im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert fungieren.
One major goal of production system design is to decide on space requirements in the plant. In this phase, detailed information about the supply chain network (e.g. which suppliers deliver which parts) is often unavailable. Nevertheless, typical decisions in supply chain management, like the definition of replenishment processes and quantities or make-or-buy decisions, impact space requirements and the capital investment in raw materials. Therefore, it should be considered in factory and production planning. This research article proposes a simulation approach for a production simulation in which raw material replenishment is integrated to evaluate the capital investment and space requirements for raw materials.
Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze
Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count.
Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the
GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks.
These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future
research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.
The label-free nature of surface plasmon resonance techniques (SPR) enables a fast, specific, and sensitive analysis of molecular interactions. However, detection of highly diluted concentrations and small molecules is still challenging. It is shown here that in contrast to continuous gold films, gold nanohole arrays can significantly improve the performance of SPR devices in angle-dependent measurement mode, as a signal amplification arises from localized surface plasmons at the nanostructures. This leads consequently to an increased sensing capability of molecules bound to the nanohole array surface. Furthermore, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor surface was layered over the nanohole array. Reduced graphene oxide is a 2D nanomaterial consisting of sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized carbon atoms and is an attractive receptor surface for SPR as it omits any bulk phase and therefore allows fast response times. In fact, it was found that nanohole arrays demonstrated a higher shift in the resonance angle of 250-380% compared to a continuous gold film. At the same time the nanohole array structure as characterized by its diameter-to-periodicity ratio had minimal influence on the binding capacity of the sensor surface. As a simple and environmentally highly relevant model, binding of the plasticizer diethyl phthalate (DEP) via π-stacking was monitored on the rGO gold nanohole array realizing a limit of detection of as low as 20 nM. The concentration-dependent signal change was studied with the best performing rGO-modified nanohole arrays. Compared to continuous gold films a diameter-to-periodicity ratio (<i>D</i>/<i>P</i>) of 0.43 lead to a 12-fold signal enhancement. Finally, the effect of environmental waters on the sensor was evaluated using samples from sea, lake and river waters spiked with analytically relevant amounts of DEP during which significant changes in the SPR signal are observed. It is expected that this concept can be successfully transferred to enhance the sensitivity in SPR sensors.
This field report presents and discusses methodological issues and challenges encountered in a mixed-methods research project on asylum seekers in Bavaria, Germany. It documents the research design of, and field experiences in, a quantitative survey based on a quota sampling procedure and a qualitative study, both of which were conducted in collective accommodation for asylum seekers at selected locations in that federal state. Standardized PAPI multiple-topic questionnaires were completed by asylum seekers from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, and Iraq (N = 779); most of the questionnaires were self-administered. In addition, 12 qualitative face-to-face biographical interviews were conducted in order to gain an in-depth understanding of attitudes and experiences of asylum seekers. This report focuses on the following aspects: the use of gatekeepers to facilitate participant recruitment; sampling procedures; the involvement of interpreters in the data collection process; response bias and response behaviors among asylum seekers; and the experiences gained from data collection in collective accommodation for asylum seekers.
This study examines attitudes toward assisted reproductive technologies (ART) among immigrant women and non-migrants in Germany. The social relevance of ART is increasing in Western countries due to overall low birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and the actual numbers of children. Previous literature has been scarce, however, on attitudes toward ART, and immigrant minorities have rarely been included in studies on ART.
Our working hypotheses are drawn from theoretical considerations on political socialisation and cultural integration. The analysis is based on data collected in a pilot study in 2014 and 2015. The sample includes 960 women aged 18 to 50 living in Germany. About 81 percent of the sample are immigrants who originate from Turkey, Poland, the Balkan countries, or countries of the (Russian) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). We study the social norm to use ART to have a child, the personal attitude of whether a woman would use ART herself, and the methods that they would consider for their own use.
Our results show that ART is overall socially acceptable, and the majority of women said that they would use it if necessary. There is significant variation between the origin groups, however. Non-migrants show the lowest acceptance rates and migrants from Poland and Turkey the highest approval. There is also variation in the ART procedures considered for use with the migrants more approving of heterologous methods than non-migrants. The differences between the origin groups diminish only partly when controlling for further explanatory variables, i.e. gender-role attitudes, religiosity, and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents.
We conclude that attitudes toward ART are shaped less by socio-demographic characteristics, but rather by cultural factors and the socialization in the migrants' countries of origin. The diversity in attitudes toward ART by cultural background should be acknowledged in research and public discourses on ART as well as in regulating policies.
Der folgende Beitrag behandelt das Problem der Reziprozität beim Tausch. Dabei wird aus-gehend von der Rational-Choice-Theorie argumentiert, dass Vor- und Gegenleistungen beim generalisierten Tausch riskant sind und die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines Tauschsystems einem Trittbrettfahrerproblem unterliegt. Demzufolge wäre der Tausch unter Freunden wahrscheinlicher als der Tausch unter Bedingungen der (relativen) Anonymität, wie sie im Internet und den dort existierenden File-Sharing-Systmen vorliegen. Nichtsdestotrotz treten Tauschhandlungen in File-Sharing-Systemen im Internet häufig auf. Das Ziel liegt in einer Erklärung dieses Phänomens. Teil I umfasst den theoretischen Hintergrund einer empirischen Studie zu Bestimmungsfaktoren der Reziprozität beim Tausch unter Freunden und in Internet-Tauschbörsen. In einem zweiten Teil des Beitrags (Haug/Weber 2003b) wird eine Einführung in die Funktionsweise von Internet-Tauschbörsen gegeben sowie die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung orgestellt.
Der folgende Beitrag behandelt das Problem der Reziprozität beim Tausch. Dabei wird ausgehend von der Rational-Choice-Theorie argumentiert, dass Vor- und Gegenleistungen beim generalisierten Tausch riskant sind und die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines Tauschsystems einem Trittbrettfahrerproblem unterliegt. Demzufolge wäre der Tausch unter Freunden wahrscheinlicher als der Tausch unter Bedingungen der (relativen) Anonymität, wie sie im Internet und den dort existierenden File-Sharing-Systmen vorliegen. Nichtsdestotrotz treten Tauschhandlungen in File-Sharing-Systemen im Internet häufig auf. Das Ziel liegt in einer Erklärung dieses Phänomens. Teil I umfasst den theoretischen Hintergrund einer empirischen Studie zu Bestimmungsfaktoren der Reziprozität beim Tausch unter Freunden und in Internet-Tauschbörsen. In einem zweiten Teil des Beitrags (Haug/Weber 2003b) wird eine Einführung in die Funktionsweise von Internet-Tauschbörsen gegeben sowie die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung vorgestellt.
A Parametrization Scheme for High Performance Thermal Models of Electric Machines using Modelica
(2012)
Thermal models offer great advantages for enhancement of design, protection and control of electric machines. Detailed thermal models take a great number of time constants into account and provide accurate prediction of the temperatures. However, to parameterize such models detailed geometric data are needed. Whenever such detailed information is not available, or the performance of the detailed models is not satisfying, simplified thermal models as described in this paper are advantageous. The calculation of parameters is described in detail, in order to achieve best accordance with temperatures obtained from measurements or from simulations with detailed thermal models. Thermal resistances are calculated from end temperatures of a test run with constant load (and known losses). Thermal capacitances are obtained using optimization to minimize deviation of simulated and measured temperatures during the whole test run. The thermal model of an asynchronous induction machine with squirrel cage is coupled with an electrical model of the drive. For validation, simulation results of an optimally parameterized simplified model are compared with temperatures obtained by simulation of a detailed thermal model, which in turn has been validated against measurement results, both for continuous duty S1 and intermittent duty S6 (6 minutes no-load followed by 4 minutes of 140% nominal load). The deviations are not more than 4 K which is quite satisfying.
Soziale Arbeit als Weiterbildungsziel: Zur Professions- und Karriereentwicklung in der Heilpädagogik
(2022)
Die Akademisierung hat für die Mitarbeiter:innen der Heilpädagogik ebenso neue Optionen geschaffen wie für die der Pflege und die der Einrichtungen der Frühen Bildung. Dabei führt der berufliche Bildungsweg in der Heilpädagogik aber häufig nicht aus der Heilerziehungspflege zum Studium der Heilpädagogik oder der entsprechenden Lehramtsstudiengänge, sondern zur Sozialen Arbeit. Der Beitrag geht diesem Sachverhalt mit Überlegungen zur Strukturentwicklung in der beruflichen und akademischen Ausbildung nach. Das Studium der Sozialen Arbeit im Anschluss an eine Ausbildung in der Heilerziehungspflege erscheint demnach als stimmige Fortführung. Für sie spricht neben pragmatischen Vorteilen eine breite Überschneidung der beiden Disziplinen im Bereich der Behindertenhilfe, die historisch mit der heilpädagogischen Abteilung der Kinderklinik des Universitätskrankenhauses Wien schon einmal eine Gestalt gewonnen hatte, bei der sogar von einer Identität im Programm und der institutionellen Umsetzung der beiden Disziplinen gesprochen werden kann.
Evaluationen können einen wichtigen Beitrag für die professionelle Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung leisten. Voraussetzung hierfür ist die Berücksichtigung von nachhaltiger Wirksamkeit als Evaluationsziel und Gegenstand, denn daraus lassen sich wichtige Informationen für das professionelle Handeln der Beteiligten am Weiterbildungsgeschehen ableiten. Der Beitrag greift Erfahrungen aus der begleitenden Evaluations- und Wirksamkeitsforschung im Projekt OTH mind auf. Anhand der Evaluationsstandards der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Evaluation (DeGEval-Standards) werden das Vorgehen und die ergriffenen Maßnahmen in Hinblick auf die Qualität der Planung und Durchführung bewertet. Insgesamt werden fünf zentrale Empfehlungen für die Evaluationspraxis formuliert: für (1) die Einbindung von Beteiligten im Evaluationsprozess, (2) eine Nutzenevaluation auf verschiedenen Ebenen, (3) Ziele und Gegenstände einer professionalisierungsbezogenen Evaluation, (4) eine zielbezogene Messung sowie (5) die Nutzung/Rückkopplung der Ergebnisse an Weiterbildungsverantwortliche. Weiterbildungspraktiker*innen an Hochschulen dienen die Empfehlungen als Impulse für eigene zukünftige Evaluationsanliegen.
A new approach to coat PA12 powders with laser-generated nanoparticles for selective laser sintering
(2018)
The modification of selective laser sintering (SLS) powder materials by nanoadditives offers the possibility to adapt the powder properties to the laser sintering process or the resulting part properties. To avoid agglomeration of the nanofiller, a new approach in which surfactant-free laser-generated colloidal nanoparticles are adsorbed onto the polymer surface directly in an aqueous solution is demonstrated. Based on this novel approach, polyamide 12 (PA12) powders are decorated with metal and oxide nanoparticles and processed via SLS. Electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning imaging are utilized to analyze the dispersion of the filler.
Abstract Social network analysis is extremely well supported by the R community and is routinely used for studying the relationships between people engaged in collaborative activities. While there has been rapid development of new approaches and metrics in this field, the challenging question of validity (how well insights derived from social networks agree with reality) is often difficult to address. We propose the use of several R packages to generate interactive surveys that are specifically well suited for validating social network analyses. Using our web-based survey application, we were able to validate the results of applying community-detection algorithms to infer the organizational structure of software developers contributing to open-source projects.
Coupling energy sectors within the emerging residential PV prosumer systems is necessary for an optimised use of the houseowners’ own produced electricity. But the pure availability of different energy technologies in the system is not enough. By optimising the electricity usage as well as the capacities of PV generators, storage technologies, heat pumps and battery electric vehicles, not only the best solution in a technical point of view can be achieved, the need of finding the most financially beneficial system composition for single-family houses and tenements is possible. The study provides a detailed model for average German single-family houses and tenements and results for the energy transition period until 2050 for the optimised energy systems regarding optimised PV and stationary battery capacities and different heat storage capacities. Most noticeable outcomes can be observed by using a vehicle-to-home car, where a car can mostly take over the tasks of a stationary battery and by introducing a solidarity model using this type of car in tenement systems.
In modern manufacturing systems, milk run (MR) systems represent route-based, cyclic material-handling systems that are used widely and enable frequent deliveries of containerized parts in small lot sizes from a central storage area to multiple points of use on the factory floor. Usually, deliveries take place at predetermined, constant time intervals. As in real-world MR systems, the number of containers to deliver in each interval varies in the short term, peaks in the number of deliveries may lead to capacity bottlenecks and late deliveries. In this paper, we develop three alternative strategies to determine starting times of MR cycles in real-time based on the current number of delivery orders in the system aiming to better handle variations in the number of orders. We evaluate the three strategies for different system load scenarios with respect to delivery service levels, order lead times, systems utilization and necessary number of MR trains using a discrete-event simulation model.
Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors.
Lean Management is a standard production mode that has been familiar to production organizations for several decades. To date, however, academic literature has presented surprisingly little information about the application of Lean Management in Information Technology (IT) organizations, or what is called Lean IT. Drawing upon an empirical qualitative case study of the IT departments of two multinational companies, in this paper we identify change management lessons learned for Lean IT implementations, as well as seven characteristics of a corresponding change management approach. As an extension of our work, researchers should validate and expand our initial findings, preferably in a quantitative setting.
Two concepts describe the autonomous deployment of IT by business entities: Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Shadow IT is deployed covertly, that is, software, hardware, or IT services created/procured or managed by business entities without alignment with the IT organization. In contrast, Business-managed IT describes the overt deployment of IT, that is, in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. The purpose of this paper is to extend the conceptual understanding of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT, comparing the perceptions of 29 CIOs and senior IT managers with the results of a systematic literature review. By doing so, this paper presents a structured and comprehensive view of causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT in practice. A comparison of academic literature and practitioner perceptions reveals the limitations and gaps of the current research and highlights avenues for future research. The authors find three category-spanning themes occurring as causing factors, outcomes, and—as part of governance measures—factors to improve the IT organization: (1) (Poor) business-IT alignment (2) (lack of) agility, and (3) (lack of) policies. This study is innovative with its comprehensive qualitative interview data that the authors compare to the existing literature. Therefore, the paper brings together theoretical and practical insights into Shadow IT and Businessmanaged IT, which should aid practitioners and scholars in decision making and future research.
The performance of nanoelectronic and molecular electronic devices relies strongly on the employed functional units and their addressability, which is often a matter of appropriate interfaces and device design. Here, we compare two promising designs to build solid-state electronic devices utilizing the same functional unit. Optically addressable Ru-terpyridine complexes were incorporated in supramolecular wires or employed as ligands of gold nanoparticles and contacted by nanoelectrodes. The resulting small-area nanodevices were thoroughly electrically characterized as a function of temperature and light exposure. Differences in the resulting device conductance could be attributed to the device design and the respective transport mechanism, that is, thermally activated hopping conduction in the case of Ru-terpyridine wire devices or sequential tunneling in nanoparticle-based devices. Furthermore, the conductance switching of nanoparticle-based devices upon 530 nm irradiation was attributed to plasmon-induced metal-to-ligand charge transfer in the Ru-terpyridine complexes used as switching ligands. Finally, our results reveal a superior device performance of nanoparticle-based devices compared to molecular wire devices based on Ru-terpyridine complexes as functional units.
We present a comprehensive analysis of the neural audio-visual synchrony evaluation tool SyncNet. We assess the agreement of SyncNet scores vis-a-vis human perception and whether we can use these as a reliable metric for evaluating audio-visual lip-synchrony in generation tasks with no ground truth reference audio-video pair. We further look into the underlying elements in audio and video which vitally affect synchrony using interpretable explanations from SyncNet predictions and analyse its susceptibility by introducing adversarial noise. SyncNet has been used in numerous papers on visually-grounded text-to-speech for scenarios such as dubbing. We focus on this scenario which features many local asynchronies (something that SyncNet isn’t made for).
Der Erfahrungsbericht ist zugleich ein Ideenpool für experimentierfreudige Lehrende. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung des Settings im berufsbegleitenden Studiengang werden ausgewählte Grundlagen der Didaktik skizziert und vor diesem Hintergrund drei Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Semestern vorgestellt. Daran wird gezeigt, wie Lehre und Didaktik im Studiengang Soziale Arbeit den Bedürfnissen der berufsbegleitend Studierenden dialogorientiert angepasst und weiterentwickelt werden. Die Erkenntnisse werden abschließend in drei Kernaussagen gebündelt.
Development trends for computing platforms moved from increasing the frequency of a single processor to increasing the parallelism with multiple cores on the same die. Multiple cores have strong potential to support cost-efficient fault tolerance due to their inherent spatial redundancy. This work makes a step towards software-only fault tolerance in the presence of permanent and transient hardware faults. Our approach utilizes software-based spatial triple modular redundancy and coded processing on a shared memory multi-core controller. We evaluate our approach on an Infineon AURIX TriBoard TC277 and provide experimental evidence for error resistance by fault injection campaigns with an iSystem iC5000 On-chip Analyzer.
Serial 2D section images with high resolution, resulting from innovative imaging methods become even more valuable, if they are fused with in vivo volumes. Achieving this goal, the 3D context of the sections would be restored, the deformations would be corrected and the artefacts would be eliminated. However, the registration in this field faces big challenges and is not solved in general. On the other hand, several approaches have been introduced dealing at least with some of these difficulties. Here, a brief overview of the topic is given and some of the solutions are presented. It does not constitute the claim to be a complete review, but could be a starting point for those who are interested in this field.
Decision-making in supply chain management is complex because of the relations between planning tasks from different stages and planning levels. Uncertainties such as unpredictable supplier lead times and supply chain disruptions further complicate decision-making. Considering the case study of a company in printed circuit board assembly, a three-level concept is proposed that includes a decision support system. The global single-source supply network is characterized by highly variable lead times. Hence, the company maintains high inventory levels to prevent running out of stock. The decision support system considers the purchasing and scheduling decision problems in an integrated way. The prototypical implementation of the purchasing algorithm uses a genetic algorithm that recommends reorder days and order quantities using a simulation model. In addition, it evaluates the risks of the recommended solution by calculating the probability of stockouts for each order cycle.
Since 2004 the field of graphene research has attracted increasing interest worldwide. Especially the integration of graphene into microelectronic devices has the potential for numerous applications. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on this aspect. Surveys show that considerable progress was made in the field of graphene synthesis. However, the central issue consists of the availability of techniques suitable for production for the deposition of graphene on dielectric substrates. Besides, the encapsulation of graphene for further processing while maintaining its properties poses a challenge. Regarding the graphene/metal contact intensive research was done and recently substantial advancements were made towards contact resistances applicable for electronic devices. Generally speaking the crucial issues for graphene integration are identified today and the corresponding research tasks can be clearly defined.
The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash usage at the point-of-sale decreased perceptibly in the past years mainly due to the ongoing trend towards digitalization. However, we show that there are also indications that consumers were somewhat pushed into cashless payments by government regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even increased relative to GDP since the financial crisis in 2008. In this process, however, we observe a supply-driven shift towards lower banknote denominations. Central banks all over the world are intensively thinking about the potential issue of CBDC as a substitute or complement to cash. Based on some of its preferred characteristics, we propose a double pre-paid scheme combining central elements of TARGET Instant Payment Settlement and electronic money features enabling offline and online instant payments. Since anonymity is categorically discarded by the ECB and as cash has some special advantages from a consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions.
Digital Twin of a Photoacoustic Trace Gas Sensor for Monitoring Methane in Complex Gas Compositions
(2022)
The digitalization of industrial processes requires smart sensor systems. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is well suited for this purpose as it allows for small-sized and low-cost trace gas analysis. However, the method is susceptible to changes in measurement conditions and standard calibration routines often fail to correct for all changes. We therefore created a Digital Twin (DT) of a photoacoustic trace gas sensor for methane and evaluated it regarding variations in gas composition (CH4, N2, O2, CO2, H2O), temperature and pressure. With a mean absolute percentage error of 0.8 % the accuracy of the sensor after DT compensation significantly exceeds the 24 % achieved based on standard calibration in nitrogen. For the first time, we can fully analytically compute the photoacoustic signal under moderate ambient conditions with an error in the ppbV range by taking a holistic approach. Assuming knowledge of the underlying energy transfer processes, the model of this Digital Twin can be adapted to any microphone based photoacoustic sensor for monitoring any analyte species.
Method of Measuring Deformations of Magnetoactive Elastomers under the Action of Magnetic Fields
(2019)
Beim Kauf eines Pkw wird der akustische Qualitätseindruck eines Fahrzeugantriebstrangs stetig relevanter. Die wahrgenommene Geräuschqualität des Motoraggregates nimmt hierbei eine Schlüsselrolle ein. Aufgrund der Ausprägung einzelner Störgeräusche wird jene Geräuschqualität negativ beeinflusst. Diese als unangenehm empfundenen Geräuschkomponenten gilt es im Rahmen der Fahrzeugentwicklung
weiter zu reduzieren, wobei die Identifikation und Bewertung störender Geräuschanteile am Motorgesamtgeräusch Voraussetzungen für eine effektive Akustikoptimierung sind. Vor allem das impulshafte Tickergeräusch wird bei Otto-DI-Motoren als besonders lästig eingestuft, weswegen dieser Beitrag darauf abzielt, die tickernden Geräuschanteile aus dem Gesamtgeräusch zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Hierzu wurde eine empirische Formel entwickelt, welche die tickernden Geräuschanteile in ihrer Intensität in Grenzen einstufen kann. Diese ist rein empfindungsbasiert und besteht aus der Impulshaftigkeit, der Lautheit sowie der Schärfe des Motorgesamtgeräusches.
Wie auch bei anderen psychoakustischen Bewertungsskalen wurde die Benotung von 1 (sehr tickernd) bis 10 (nicht tickernd) vorgenommen. Anhand von Hörversuchen mithilfe einer Expertenjury konnte die Tickergeräuschbewertungsformel anschließend verifiziert werden. Hiernach kann präzise ausgesagt werden, in welchen Motorkennfeldbereichen das Tickergeräusch die Angenehmheit des Motorgesamtgeräusches untergräbt.
Motivierende erste Erfahrungen mit der Implementierung eines berufsbegleitenden Studiengangs Soziale Arbeit an einer technischen Hochschule, ein als dringlich ausgewiesene Fachkräftequalifizierungsbedarf in sozialpädagogischen Handlungsfeldern und die Bereitschaft der Hochschulleitung der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, sich in Kooperation mit der Fakultät Angewandte Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften auf die Anforderungen der Ausschreibung „Partnerschaft Hochschule und Region“ einzulassen, ließen ein neues Studiengangkonzept für einen berufsbegleitenden Bachelor Soziale Arbeit entstehen. Parallel zum Studienfortschritt der inzwischen verabschiedeten ersten Kohorte konnten erste Erfahrungen gewonnen werden, welche Innovationsimpulse, welche Nachsteuerungsbedarfe und welche Veränderungen sich für die berufliche Entwicklung der Studierenden ergeben haben.
A factory has to adapt to a future production program and increasing volumes. The planning of new factories must therefore already take expansion stages and reconfigurations into account. This leads to an increase in the complexity of planning, as different variants have to be planned and put into a chronologically reasonable and cost-optimized sequence. A factory data model that covers expansion stages manages the planning data amount and reduces complexity. Based on existing models from the literature, a factory data model was developed and modeled in the Unified Modeling Language standard. The factory data model shows which classes are interdependent and how planning results are stored reusable for other variants. An example is used to explain the developed factory data model and highlighting its advantages. The aim is to enable factory planners to document variant sequences and expansion stages in a comprehensible way, which supports the interdisciplinarity of factory planning projects.
Seit knapp 30 Jahren wird mit Blick auf eine fortschreitende Entgrenzung von Arbeit und Privatleben nicht nur im personalwirtschaftlichen Diskurs das Konzept der Work-Life-Balance diskutiert. Die Bedeutung von Lernen in diesem Zusammenspiel von Arbeit und Leben wird dabei noch nicht durchgehend berücksichtigt. Der Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung unter berufsbegleitend Studieren- den vor, in der die Anforderungen und Belastungen durch ein berufsbegleitendes Stu- dium erfasst und in ihrem Verhältnis zu Arbeit und Privatleben untersucht wurden.
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die Perspektive der Arbeitgeber:innen auf Unterstützung für ein berufsbegleitendes Studium vorzustellen. Dazu wurden Formen, Kriterien, formale Regelungen und Grenzen einer solchen Unterstützung explorativ untersucht. Im Rahmen eines qualitativen Projekts wurden neun leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Personalverantwortlichen aus acht Trägern und Unternehmen der Sozialwirtschaft geführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine große Spannbreite und Vielfalt an Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für die Studierenden, die über eine rein materielle Förderung deutlich hinausgehen. Die Auswahl- und Förderprozesse sowie die formalen Regelungen gestalten sich in der Praxis zum Teil sehr unterschiedlich und lassen zwei Strategien erkennen: ein standardisiertes vs. individualisiertes Vorgehen. Bei den Herausforderungen und Grenzen einer Unterstützung berichten die Arbeitgeber:innen über ähnliche Limitationen. Bedeutsam für alle befragten Arbeitgeber:innen ist, dass ein Benefit des berufsbegleitenden Studiums für beide Seiten entsteht – für die Arbeitnehmer:innen und für die Arbeitgeber:innen.
Die monetären Kosten, die jährlich weltweit durch Cyberattacken ent-stehen, wachsen stetig und bewegen sich in Dimensionen, die mit öffentlichen Haushalten ganzer Staaten verglichen werden können. Cyberattacken treffen Individuen, Unternehmen, öffentliche Einrichtun-gen, Behörden und Regierungen; sie treffen eine Infrastruktur, ohne die moderne Gesellschaften kaum mehr funktionieren. Doch die Gewähr-leistung von Cybersicherheit kann zu Zielkonflikten führen. Die Techno-logien zur Herstellung von Sicherheit und Resilienz dieser Infrastruktur sollten daher Gegenstand der Technikfolgenabschätzung sein.
Drohnen werden inzwischen in vielen und sehr unterschiedlichen Kon-texten verwendet. Aus dem Blickwinkel der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) scheint es daher sinnvoll, den Umfang der momentanen und zu-künftigen Nutzung von Drohnen und daraus resultierende Implikatio-nen näher zu beleuchten und eine Bestandsaufnahme durchzuführen. Darüber hinaus sollen die voraussichtlichen Pfade der weiteren Tech-nikentwicklung, relevante Akteure und deren Interessenslage sowie zu-künftige Anwendungspotenziale und Einsatzfelder analysiert werden
The University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), the Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts (CUASA) and the OTH Regensburg, University of Applied Sciences (OTHR) established an English taught international cooperative bachelor program in the area of Engineering Physics/Optoelectronics. Students from China study their first four semesters at USST. They continue their studies in Germany for the last three semesters, including an internship and a bachelor thesis, graduating with a Chinese and a German bachelor degree. Students from Germany study their third and fourth semester at USST to gain international experience. While the first cohort of Chinese students is currently in Germany, the second cohort of German students is in Shanghai. Up to now the feedback regarding this study program is completely positive, thus it is planned to develop it further.