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Prototyping inconvenience : a pedagogical experiment on designing for debate in design education
(2022)
With design having more impact than ever, there is an increased need for critical inquiries into design research and education that engage designers to question established disciplinary assumptions. One prevailing myth is the convenience ideal: the obsession with comfort, efficiency, smoothness, and smartness that relates to a trend of envisioning super-convenient futures. By combining iterative prototyping, anti-solutionist strategies, and tactics of critical and speculative design, we built a counter-approach to conventional design processes: Inconvenient Design. With convenience as the topic for debate, we explored its potential in the course Stranger Things–Prototyping Inconvenience. This paper provides an overview of the approach and course format, using examples of student projects to illustrate how it encouraged them to reflect and debate directly in the design process in a tangible way, enabling them to craft alternatives. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities our methodological approach can bring to design research and education.
Algorithmen & Zeichen
(2021)
Über sechs Jahrzehnte hat sich Frieder Nake im Spannungsfeld von Informatik, Semiotik, Kunst und Kulturtheorie mit der Gegenwart des Computers auseinandergesetzt: in Sprache und Code, mit Texten und Bildern, die in diesem Band zum ersten Mal exemplarisch gebündelt werden. Damit liegt allerdings nicht nur ein lange vermisster Rückblick auf Nakes öffnende Ansätze, provozierende Debattenbeiträge und radikale künstlerische Konsequenzen vor. Zugleich demonstriert »Algorithmen & Zeichen«, wie aktuell die hier versammelten und mit Einleitungen der Herausgeber*innen versehenen Arbeiten sind. Für die gegenwärtigen Prozesse der Digitalisierung stellen sich hier grundsätzliche Fragen und zeigen sich überraschende Anschlüsse zu laufenden Debatten.
Information management and content governance in large corporations is an ongoing challenge. As a case study, we present the adaptation of the elastic lists facet browser for browsing and analysing large resource collections in an intranet of a large telecommunication corporation. The application allows users to explore resource aggregations over multiple classification schemata in parallel, enabling not only personalized information access, but also improved understanding of content distributions, as well as trend analysis and target tracking. We further present empirical usability results of a first prototype from questionnaires and eye tracking studies.
This paper introduces a visualization technique designed to uncover iconographic patterns prevalent within a collection while at the same time allowing close viewing of these particular details. Challenging an institutionalized understanding of overview and detail as inherently opposed, the intention of this research is to develop a visualization method that accounts for the iconographic abundance of a collection and encourages its casual exploration. Expanding digitization efforts have led to a growing number of rich cultural heritage datasets that are successively being published online. At the same time scholars are exploring the potential of computational methods to expand the scale and scope of art history. In this context, data visualization is often equated with a distanced perspective diminishing the intricate and intriguing details of individual artifacts. In collaboration with a museum of applied and decorative arts, we have devised a novel interface concept for the exploration of image collections such as historical glass plate negatives. Inspired by photographic plates on a light table, the resulting Close-up Cloud translates the art historical method of close viewing into the digital by combining it with a dynamic representation of quantitative iconographic patterns across an entire image collection.
We present findings from design research on disclosure at the intersection of data visualization, digital storytelling, and feminism. While there is an increased awareness of power structures in data science, computing, and design, there is little design research to confront these. This work explores the potential of disclosing context information of data stories, i.e., digital storytelling formats utilizing data visualizations, to enable critical-feminist readings of and reflections on these stories. Drawing from a growing body of feminist scholarship in human-computer interaction, data science, and beyond, we identify key aspects and forms of disclosure for embedding them into visual data story interfaces. We devise and validate these aspects and forms within a case study: a Web-based scrollytelling article explaining the feminist concept of intersectionality using a combination of animated illustration, data visualization, and text. With this work, we demonstrate and discuss the potentials and pitfalls of disclosure practices in data storytelling.
Virtual Reality (VR) applications play an increasingly important role in the context of mental health. While VR-based therapeutic interventions are increasingly well-established, the application of VR in the field of mental health awareness represents a novel and promising development. We present our mental health awareness VR application “hopohopo”, in which the user takes the perspective of a person suffering from social anxiety. Through the VR journey, the user experiences what it could feel like to suffer from constant fear of being negatively judged by others in everyday social situations. The aim of the application is to allow nonaffected users to expand their knowledge and to raise mental health awareness. In this paper, we report our findings on the potential of this immersive VR application for psychoeducation and destigmatization of social anxiety. In this respect, we provide the scope of our VR application and first results of its ongoing usability and usefulness evaluation process.
As data are becoming increasingly central to journalistic practice, a number of technology-driven approaches are emerging among data journalists. This article focuses on sensor journalism, which brings new practical and ethical concerns to journalism. By interviewing and working with data journalists and journalism scholars, we analyze the new technological and ethical challenges that sensors bring to journalism. The results contribute to the knowledge on how data journalists implicitly embed ethical values into their everyday work. Furthermore, they suggest that general ethical values are revisited and extended by the influence of sensors.
Heattile, a new method for heatmap implementations for mobile web-based cartographic applications
(2014)
Mobile handheld computing devices are becoming a more important part of our digital infrastructure. Web-based map services and visualisations for spatial data are being optimised for use on these new mobile devices. Despite the fast development of mobile devices, compared to laptop and desktop computers they remain slower in terms of processing power and have limited memory capacity. Bandwidth in most areas is still limited, regardless of the fast expansion of high-speed internet for mobile devices. To overcome these two limitations an improvement in existing spatial data visualisations is necessary. This chapter compares existing methods and presents a new approach to generating and delivering web-based heat map visualisations for spatial data that is optimised for mobile devices.
Computerbasierte Rezeption
(2022)
Die neuen, genauer: computerbasierten Formen der Filmrezeption nimmt dieser Beitrag zum Anlass, sowohl die damit adressierten als auch die damit distanzierten Rezeptionsbedingungen in den Blick zu nehmen. Die Verbindung von Film und New Media führt dabei einerseits zur historisch bedeutenden Etablierung der DVD und andererseits zu damit verbundenen Fragen und Mythen von (Inter-)Aktivität, Passivität, Flexibilität und Neuheit. Der wortwörtliche Umgang mit Film, der auf der Basis des Computers durch Medien wie DVD und Blu-ray Disc sowie durch Online-Angebote und Second Screen Apps möglich und herausgefordert wird, modifiziert zwei grundsätzliche Aspekte des Verhältnisses von Film und Gesellschaft: die Aktivität des Publikums und die Anti-Originalität des Films.
Wie sieht die Zukunft der Recherche in digitalen Bibliothekskatalogen aus? Wie können umfangreiche und heterogene Sammlungsbestände mit Hilfe von Datenvisualisierungen besser zugänglich gemacht werden? Kann man durch eine digitale Bibliothek flanieren und dabei den Bestand auf ganz neue Art entdecken? Diese Fragen standen im Zentrum eines Forschungsprojekts, das ein interdisziplinäres Team von Forscherinnen und Forschern des Urban Complexity Lab der FHP im vergangenen Jahr in Kooperation mit der DNB durchgeführt hat. Dieser Artikel stellt das Hauptergebnis des Projekts vor: DNBVIS, der Prototyp eines experimentellen Kataloginterfaces. Anschließend werden die Vorgehensweise und wichtigsten Erkenntnisse des Projekts zusammengefasst.
Scholz, da Costa Oliveira und Dörk widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag Erfahrungen mit digitalen Werkzeugen im Kontext ethnologischer Sammlungen sowie den Herausforderungen, die sich bei der Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Wissenspraktiken in der Zusammenarbeit mit Heritage Communities stellen. Ausgehend von dem Projekt Sharing Knowledge (2014-2020), das im Ethnologischen Museum (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin/ Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz) stattfand, wird argumentiert, dass die Trägheit von Infrastrukturen und die Erforschung ihrer Funktionsweise - d.h. die Entschlüsselung der Meistererzählungen und Ausschlussmechanismen hinter musealen Wissenspraktiken - entscheidende Schlüssel darstellen zur Entwicklung von Werkzeugen und Taktiken, um eben diese Trägheit zu umgehen und zu untergraben. Während der erste Teil des Papiers dem Beispielprojekt kritische Aufmerksamkeit schenkt, schlägt der zweite Teil neue Methoden vor, um Infrastrukturen zu entwickeln, die Relationalität und Pluralität zulassen.
In this paper, we present a field study that examines the development, application and maintenance of classification systems and controlled vocabularies in three archives documenting lesbian, trans* and queer-feminist histories. Queer archives face the challenge of documenting identities that are inherently characterized by embracing fluidity and ambiguity. Thus, queer identities are diametrically opposed to archival procedures of unambiguous classification. At the same time, queer activism relies partly on coherent identity categories in order to be able to act politically. We examine the pragmatic solutions that queer archives establish when dealing with tensions between those requirements. Our goal is to contribute to the ongoing discussions about the ethical dimensions of classification practices. Following the work of Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star (1999) we use the concept of boundary objects as a central theoretical foundation of our research. This concept allows for tracing the negotiations and decision-making processes that influenced the creation of a specific classification system. Through conducting semi-structured interviews with staff members of queer archives in Germany we collected data about their efforts to archive the history of queer communities. Although there are initiatives developing metadata standards for queer identities, these standards are only used to a limited extent by the queer archives we examined. Rather, those archives established individual strategies for categorizing objects that are rooted in their specific history. We argue that classification systems and controlled vocabularies themselves can be understood as artifacts documenting the history of queer movements.
Versatile camcorders
(2021)
Small robust action-cams like the GoPro have lastingly altered the conditions for making images by conceiving the body and the device as a single unit acting together, and by staging this joint movement in sometimes spectacular ways. The perspective gained by being closely attached to the body, and the aesthetic qualities that result from this, is a particular feature of this camera. This basic constellation has given rise to a culture of making and sharing images, which is linked in turn to the distribution and communication methods of digital media or brands.
This book is the first to deal with this phenomenon, pursuing it from a variety of perspectives from media and cultural studies.
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Herausforderungen eine Anforderungsanalyse im hoch technologischen Umfeld der IT-Security durchzuführen, bei dem keine der üblichen ethnografischen Methoden wie teilnehmende Beobachtung u.a. möglich waren. Im Umfeld von IT-Sicherheitsexperten besteht grundsätzlich Skepsis bzgl. möglicher Datenerfassungen, die Sicherheitsbelange des eigenen IT-Sicherheits-Betriebes (ITS) betreffen. Diese muss vor allem in der Anforderungsanalyse beachtet werden. Welche Methode könnte hierbei also zum Einsatz kommen? Im Rahmen des Beitrages möchten wir unser Vorgehen und die gewonnen Erkenntnisse im Rahmen eines ZIM-Koop-Projektes des BMWi vorstellen und anhand eines Frameworks inkl. der Sample-Visualisierung der gewonnenen Daten zur Experience-Sample-Methode erläutern.
„Da haste den Salat“
(2015)
Allein in Deutschland landen jedes Jahr 11 Millionen Tonnen Lebensmittel auf dem Müll, obwohl sie noch zum Verzehr geeignet wären: allein 61% davon aus privaten Haushalten. Gleichzeitig wächst durch die voranschreitende Urbanisierung der Wunsch nach mehr sozialer Vernetzung. Was können wir gegen diese Entwicklung tun? Wie bringt man Menschen dazu, bewusster mit Nahrungsmitteln umzugehen und welche Rolle können soziale Netzwerke dabei spielen? Im Dialog mit Nutzern entstand mittels Personas und Szenarien „neighborSWAP“: Eine App als lokales Einkaufsnetzwerk. Sie ermöglicht kollaboratives Einkaufen und das Teilen übriggebliebener Mahlzeiten, ungenutzter Lebensmittel oder selbst angebauter Waren über eine Sharing-Funktion. Gleichzeitig inspiriert sie den Nutzer zu einer abwechslungsreichen und bewussten Ernährung.
A tendency has developed in recent times toward a close connection of the (photo) apparatus and the body. The GoPro, the “world’s most versatile camera,” as stated in the developer’s self-description, is often worn attached to the body, is held at a moderate distance from the body by means of a selfie stick, or is firmly mounted on helmets and sporting equipment. Regarding these cameras, a whole array of practices and technologies has evolved that strongly promote “self-shooting.” Thus, a new genre of the self-image has arisen: images of skaters, surfers, fliers, fallers, and the fallen, all capturing themselves in all circumstances up until death; it seems that the camera itself creates the risk to fall. This chapter focuses on the relationship of aesthetics, body, and apparatus that can be traced back to early examples of “falling photographers” and that is nowadays so impressively exemplified by the GoPro technique and its usage. Additionally, the text deals with the general leveling of the difference between the moving image (video) and the still image (photography) within the digital realm, specifically via the unification of both, technologies and practices, in one apparatus—like the GoPro.