Weathering resistance of halogen-free flame retardancy
- Whereas the degradation of flame retardant polymers has been discussed since decades, only more recently, the lifetime of the flame retardancy itself becomes an important factor, e.g. for cables used as building products. In this work, several kinds of accelerated artificial ageing tests are performed simulating different environmental exposures and thus highlighting different degradation mechanisms: artificial accelerated weathering, climatic chamber, water immersion, salt spray chamber, and autoclave test. The durability is expected to be different for different flame-retardant materials. Thus, various sets of halogen-free fire-retarded polymers were investigated: ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with aluminum hydroxide (ATH), boehmite and synergists, ester-based and ether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with melamine cyanurate (MC), aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi), and boehmite, and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) with AlPi-based mixtures. Intensive degradation ofWhereas the degradation of flame retardant polymers has been discussed since decades, only more recently, the lifetime of the flame retardancy itself becomes an important factor, e.g. for cables used as building products. In this work, several kinds of accelerated artificial ageing tests are performed simulating different environmental exposures and thus highlighting different degradation mechanisms: artificial accelerated weathering, climatic chamber, water immersion, salt spray chamber, and autoclave test. The durability is expected to be different for different flame-retardant materials. Thus, various sets of halogen-free fire-retarded polymers were investigated: ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with aluminum hydroxide (ATH), boehmite and synergists, ester-based and ether-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with melamine cyanurate (MC), aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi), and boehmite, and glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) with AlPi-based mixtures. Intensive degradation of the surface was observed, e.g. yielding discoloration and yellowing, EVA showed cracking when weathered. Changes in chemical structure was investigated by ATR-FTIR. The flammability was investigated with the cone calorimeter, UL-94 classification, and oxygen index (LOI). The flame retardancy of most of the materials studied degraded only slightly for the investigated exposure times. EVA/ATH achieved an improved LOI due to flame retardants agglomeration at the surface. Sets of materials, based on EVA and TPU, were also investigated as cable jackets. While flame retarded EVA exhibited no dripping during burning, TPU flame-retarded with MC cables showed pronounced melt-dripping. Cone calorimeter tests were carried out using cable rafts as well as our self-made cable module test, simulating a vertical bundle of cables at the bench scale. The comparison of different fire tests, different exposure conditions, and different materials carved out the specific degradation phenomena with respect to each of these parameters. Most of this work was supported by the IGF Project (18926 N) of the Fördergemeinschaft für das Süddeutsche Kunststoff-Zentrum e.V., supported by the AiF within the framework of the program “Förderung der Industriellen Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF)” of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a decision of the Deutschen Bundestag.…
Autor*innen: | Bernhard SchartelORCiD |
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Koautor*innen: | Xuebao Lin, Yi Tan, Volker WachtendorfORCiD, Patrick Klack, R. Schoch, M. Lang, M. Bastian |
Dokumenttyp: | Vortrag |
Veröffentlichungsform: | Präsentation |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung: | 2019 |
Organisationseinheit der BAM: | 7 Bauwerkssicherheit |
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen | |
DDC-Klassifikation: | Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / Ingenieurwissenschaften / Ingenieurbau |
Freie Schlagwörter: | Durability; Flame retardancy; Weathering resistance |
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM: | Infrastruktur |
Infrastruktur / Fire Science | |
Veranstaltung: | 33rd Polymer Degradation Discussion Group Conference (PDDG-2019) |
Veranstaltungsort: | St. Julian, Malta |
Beginndatum der Veranstaltung: | 01.09.2019 |
Enddatum der Veranstaltung: | 05.09.2019 |
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments: | Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access") |
Datum der Freischaltung: | 20.09.2019 |
Referierte Publikation: | Nein |
Eingeladener Vortrag: | Nein |