Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (1168) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (1168) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Fluorescence (61)
- Quantum yield (49)
- Nanoparticles (39)
- Mechanochemistry (36)
- Quality assurance (31)
- Mass spectrometry (30)
- SAXS (30)
- Imaging (29)
- Sensor (29)
- XPS (29)
- Dye (27)
- Nanoparticle (27)
- Lifetime (26)
- Nano (26)
- Non-destructive testing (26)
- Ultrasound (26)
- ICP-MS (25)
- Photophysics (23)
- Concrete (21)
- LIBS (21)
- Synthesis (21)
- Laser ablation (20)
- MALDI-TOF MS (18)
- Particle (18)
- Reference material (18)
- Raman spectroscopy (17)
- Lanthanide (16)
- Mechanism (16)
- Metrology (16)
- Traceability (16)
- DNA (14)
- In situ (14)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (14)
- Electron microscopy (13)
- Nanomaterial (13)
- Spectroscopy (13)
- Synchrotron (13)
- Additive manufacturing (12)
- BAMline (12)
- Cancer (12)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (12)
- Photoluminescence (12)
- Thermography (12)
- XRD (12)
- Cement (11)
- Computed tomography (11)
- Luminescence (11)
- Machine learning (11)
- Polylactide (11)
- X-ray scattering (11)
- Cell (10)
- Microplastics (10)
- Optical probe (10)
- Polymers (10)
- Upconversion nanoparticle (10)
- Corrosion (9)
- Interlaboratory comparison (9)
- LA-ICP-MS (9)
- Laser induced plasma (9)
- Mycotoxins (9)
- NDT (9)
- NIR (9)
- Simulation (9)
- Upconversion (9)
- X-ray diffraction (9)
- Air-coupled ultrasound (8)
- Archaeometry (8)
- Calibration (8)
- Crystallization (8)
- Electrochemistry (8)
- Energy transfer (8)
- Graphene (8)
- Immunoassay (8)
- Ligand (8)
- MOUSE (8)
- Mass-Spectrometry (8)
- Measurement uncertainty (8)
- Method (8)
- Microscopy (8)
- Nanomaterials (8)
- Polymer (8)
- Reliability (8)
- Reproducibility (8)
- Surface chemistry (8)
- Contrast agent (7)
- LC-MS/MS (7)
- Laser thermography (7)
- MRI (7)
- Mass Spectrometry (7)
- Microstructure (7)
- Monitoring (7)
- NEXAFS (7)
- Plasma modeling (7)
- Protein (7)
- Quantification (7)
- Radiation damage (7)
- Standardization (7)
- TED-GC/MS (7)
- Validation (7)
- X-ray computed tomography (7)
- XANES (7)
- XRF (7)
- Analytical Chemistry (6)
- Bioimaging (6)
- Bioinformatics (6)
- Catalysis (6)
- Certification (6)
- Chlorine (6)
- Copper (6)
- Cr(III) (6)
- Dosimetry (6)
- Ectoine (6)
- Ionization (6)
- Material moisture (6)
- Metaproteomics (6)
- Microplastic (6)
- NAP-XPS (6)
- Nondestructive testing (6)
- Porosity (6)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (6)
- Radiography (6)
- Reference materials (6)
- Scattering (6)
- Silica (6)
- Standards (6)
- Structural health monitoring (6)
- Surface (6)
- Uncertainty (6)
- X-ray refraction (6)
- XAS (6)
- Adsorption (5)
- Aggregation (5)
- Application (5)
- Automation (5)
- CCQM (5)
- Classification (5)
- Cocrystal (5)
- Comparability (5)
- Core-shell (5)
- DNA origami (5)
- DRIFTS (5)
- Food (5)
- Gadolinium (5)
- Geant4 (5)
- Geant4-DNA (5)
- General Materials Science (5)
- HRMS (5)
- Industry 4.0 (5)
- Inks (5)
- Iron oxide (5)
- Low energy electrons (5)
- Metabolomics (5)
- Microdosimetry (5)
- Multiplexing (5)
- PFAS (5)
- PH (5)
- Particle size distribution (5)
- Plasma diagnostics (5)
- Quantum dots (5)
- Raman microspectroscopy (5)
- SEM (5)
- SWIR (5)
- Size (5)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (5)
- Super resolution (5)
- ToF-SIMS (5)
- Tomography (5)
- Transformation products (5)
- Water (5)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (5)
- pH (5)
- Absolute isotope ratio (4)
- Acoustic levitation (4)
- Antibody (4)
- Bacteria (4)
- Bioconjugation (4)
- Cells (4)
- Coating (4)
- Coda wave interferometry (4)
- Complex (4)
- Core-shell particles (4)
- Cyclization (4)
- DNA radiation damage (4)
- Data processing (4)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (4)
- ELISA (4)
- Ectoin (4)
- Embedded sensors (4)
- Environment (4)
- Epoxy (4)
- Flow cytometry (4)
- Fluidics (4)
- Food analysis (4)
- G5P (4)
- GFRP (4)
- Human serum (4)
- Hydration (4)
- Image processing (4)
- Immunohistochemistry (4)
- Instrumentation (4)
- Internal defects (4)
- Isotope dilution (4)
- LEE (4)
- Lamb waves (4)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (4)
- Life sciences (4)
- MALDI (4)
- MOF (4)
- Non-invasive analysis (4)
- Optical spectroscopy (4)
- Phosphorus (4)
- Porous materials (4)
- Quality control (4)
- Quantum dot (4)
- Raman (4)
- Reverse glass painting (4)
- SSB (4)
- Sample preparation (4)
- Self-assembly (4)
- Semiconductor (4)
- Sewage sludge (4)
- Signal enhancement (4)
- Signal processing (4)
- Small-angle scattering (4)
- Software (4)
- Soil (4)
- Stability (4)
- Structural Health Monitoring (4)
- Sulfur (4)
- Surface coating (4)
- Synchrotron radiation (4)
- Temperature (4)
- Theory (4)
- Thin films (4)
- TiO2 (4)
- Tumor metabolism (4)
- Wood (4)
- X-ray spectroscopy (4)
- XANES spectroscopy (4)
- ssDNA (4)
- Abwasser (3)
- Active thermography (3)
- Affinity chromatography (3)
- Anhydrite (3)
- Array (3)
- Artificial neural networks (3)
- Atomic force microscopy (3)
- Base damage (3)
- Base loss (3)
- Bead (3)
- Bio-SAXS (3)
- Biomarker (3)
- Brain (3)
- Bridge (3)
- Brightness (3)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (3)
- CONSENS (3)
- COVID-19 (3)
- CRM (3)
- Catalyst (3)
- Certified reference material (3)
- Chemisorption (3)
- Civil engineering (3)
- Conjugate (3)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (3)
- Cosolute (3)
- Cracks (3)
- DFT (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Damage (3)
- Data (3)
- Defect reconstruction (3)
- Diffusion (3)
- Digestion (3)
- EBSD (3)
- EPMA (3)
- Electrical conductivity (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Electron probe microanalysis (3)
- Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) (3)
- Emission spectroscopy (3)
- Ergot alkaloids (3)
- Excitation power density (3)
- Extracellular matrix (3)
- FTIR (3)
- Fatty acid metabolism (3)
- Flourescence (3)
- Functionalized graphene (3)
- GDMS (3)
- GVP (3)
- Gadofosveset (3)
- Gas chromatography (3)
- Gold (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HR-CS-MAS (3)
- High repetition rate (3)
- High-fired gypsum mortar (3)
- Hydrogen reduction (3)
- In situ studies (3)
- In-situ (3)
- Ionic liquid (3)
- Ionizing radiation damage (3)
- Isotope ratio (3)
- Isotope ratios (3)
- Kinetics (3)
- Laser (3)
- Laser-induced plasma (3)
- Limit of detection (3)
- Lipidomic profile (3)
- Liquid chromatography (3)
- MC-ICP-MS (3)
- Mass Spectroscopy (3)
- Mechanical Engineering (3)
- Mechanics of Materials (3)
- Metabolic stress (3)
- Metals and Alloys (3)
- Method development (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Modular Production (3)
- Moisture transport (3)
- Molecular imaging (3)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (3)
- Molecule (3)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (3)
- Mycotoxin (3)
- NMR (3)
- NMR relaxometry (3)
- Nanocomposites (3)
- Nanoparticle characterization (3)
- Nanosensor (3)
- Neural network (3)
- Neutron diffraction (3)
- Neutron imaging (3)
- Neutron scattering (3)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (3)
- OH radical (3)
- OH radical scavenger (3)
- Optical emission spectroscopy (3)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (3)
- Peptide (3)
- Peptide library (3)
- Photodegradation (3)
- Plasma (3)
- Plasma chemistry (3)
- Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (3)
- Polymer particles (3)
- Polymorphism (3)
- Portland cement (3)
- Probability of detection (3)
- Process Analytical Technology (3)
- Production (3)
- Protein unfolding (3)
- Purity assessment (3)
- Quality Infrastructure (3)
- Quenching (3)
- ROS (3)
- Radar (3)
- Radical scavenger (3)
- Reference data (3)
- Residual stress (3)
- Ring-opening polymerization (3)
- Roughness (3)
- SERS (3)
- Safety (3)
- Scaled boundary finite element method (3)
- Sensing (3)
- Shape (3)
- Shell (3)
- Silver nanoparticles (3)
- Single molecule (3)
- Single particle (3)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (3)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (3)
- Solid state NMR (3)
- Spectral induced polarization (3)
- Surface functionalization (3)
- TEM (3)
- TOPAS (3)
- TOPAS-nbio (3)
- Thickness (3)
- Titanium dioxide (3)
- Titanium oxide (3)
- Transformation product (3)
- Transmission function (3)
- Ultrasonic imaging (3)
- Ultrasonic testing (3)
- VAMAS (3)
- X-ray (3)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (3)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (3)
- X-ray imaging (3)
- 2D Materials (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- AAS (2)
- ABC (2)
- AFM (2)
- AIS (2)
- API (2)
- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Absolute fluorescence (2)
- Absorption (2)
- Acoustic (2)
- Acoustic-flow interaction (2)
- Active thermal imaging (2)
- Adhesive bonding (2)
- Aeroacoustics (2)
- Air-coupled (2)
- Algorithms (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Amino acid analysis (2)
- Amorphous carbon (2)
- Amorphous materials (2)
- Amperometry (2)
- Amplification (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Analytical methods (2)
- Analytical model (2)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis (2)
- Artificial Intelligence (2)
- Atherosclerosis (2)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (2)
- AuNP (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automatic segmentation (2)
- BODIPY (2)
- Barcoding (2)
- Benchmarking (2)
- Benz[a]anthracene (BaA) (2)
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (2)
- Beta decay (2)
- BioSAXS (2)
- Bioanalysis (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biochip (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Biology (2)
- Biosensing (2)
- Biosensor (2)
- Biosensors (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Bisphenol A (2)
- Boltzmann plot (2)
- Borehole (2)
- Boson peak (2)
- Brachytherapy (2)
- Building materials (2)
- C-C coupling (2)
- CFRP (2)
- CT (2)
- CXC (2)
- Cancer cells (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Carbon dioxide (2)
- Catalysts (2)
- Cement-based materials (2)
- Ceria (2)
- Chemical vapor deposition (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Climate (2)
- Cluster (2)
- Clustered nanoparticles (2)
- Cocoa (2)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Composite (2)
- Compressed sensing (2)
- Computed Tomography (2)
- Condensed Matter Physics (2)
- Conformity assessment (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Corresponding relative humidity (2)
- Cr(III) complex (2)
- Crack detection (2)
- Creep-resistant steel (2)
- Crystal (2)
- Crystalinity (2)
- Cuprorivaite (2)
- DIRECTT (2)
- DMSO (2)
- Damage detection (2)
- Data Fusion (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Deep learning (2)
- Defect detection (2)
- Defects (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta scale (2)
- Delta value (2)
- Derivatization (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Diagnostics (2)
- Diatoms (2)
- Dice score (2)
- Diclofenac (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (2)
- Digitalization (2)
- Direct damage (2)
- Dissociative electron attachment (2)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (2)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (2)
- Documentation (2)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (2)
- E. coli (2)
- EDS (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Eddy current testing (2)
- Editorial (2)
- Education (2)
- Egyptian blue (2)
- Electrolysis (2)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (2)
- Electrospray (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Encoding (2)
- Energy deposit (2)
- Enriched finite element method (2)
- Environmental speciation (2)
- Escherichia coli (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (2)
- Extraction (2)
- FEM (2)
- FRET (2)
- FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Fe-Ni (2)
- Ferrihydrite (2)
- Ferroelectret (2)
- Fertilizer (2)
- Fiber orientation (2)
- Finite-element analysis (2)
- Fire (2)
- Flash DSC (2)
- Flash thermography (2)
- Fluorescein (2)
- Fluorescence lifetime (2)
- Fluorine (2)
- Fullerene (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- Gas chromatography (GC) (2)
- Gas separation membranes (2)
- General Chemistry (2)
- General Earth and Planetary Sciences (2)
- Geology (2)
- Glucose (2)
- Gold Nanoparticles (2)
- Graphite furnace (2)
- Ground penetrating radar (2)
- Guided Waves (2)
- Guided waves (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HPLC-MS/MS (2)
- Heart failure (2)
- Heat diffusion (2)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (2)
- High temperature (2)
- High-resolution mass spectrometry (2)
- Human factors (2)
- Hydrated DNA (2)
- Hydrated electron (2)
- Hydration shell (2)
- Hydrazinolysis (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- Hydrolysis (2)
- Hydroxyectoine (2)
- Hydroxyl radical (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- ILC (2)
- ISO/IEC 27001 (2)
- Identification (2)
- IgG (2)
- Image analysis (2)
- Image quality (2)
- Image reconstruction (2)
- Image segmentation (2)
- Imaging XPS (2)
- Immunoaffinity extraction (2)
- Immunocapture (2)
- Immunoglobulins (2)
- Immunosensor (2)
- In situ measurement (2)
- In situ real-time monitoring (2)
- In vivo imaging (2)
- Indirect damage (2)
- Indoor air (2)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (2)
- Information security (2)
- Infrared thermography (2)
- Ink (2)
- Inspection (2)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (2)
- Ion mobility (2)
- Ion mobility spectrometry (2)
- Iridium oxide (2)
- Iron (2)
- Isotope (2)
- Isotope dilution (ID) (2)
- Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (2)
- Isotope reference material (2)
- Isotopic fractionation (2)
- Iterative reconstruction (2)
- Joint sparsity (2)
- Lab-on-a-chip (2)
- Label (2)
- Laminography (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser Ablation (2)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (2)
- Laser Thermography (2)
- Laser ablation in liquid (2)
- Laser induced dielectric breakdown (2)
- Laser induced plasma deposition (2)
- Laser powder bed fusion (2)
- Lateral resolution (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Li-ion battery (2)
- Life science (2)
- Ligands (2)
- Lipidomics (2)
- Lipids (2)
- Liquid chromatography (LC) (2)
- Lithium (2)
- Livermore model (2)
- Low-energy electrons (2)
- MALDI TOF MS (2)
- MCS (2)
- MYCN (2)
- Machine Learning (2)
- Magnetic beads (2)
- Magnetic stray field (2)
- Management system standard (2)
- Manuscripts (2)
- Mass spectrometry (MS) (2)
- Material science (2)
- Materials (2)
- Materials Chemistry (2)
- McSAS3 (2)
- Mechanical properties (2)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (2)
- Medicine (2)
- Mercury (2)
- Mesoporous silica (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metal nanoparticles (2)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (2)
- Metals (2)
- Metal−organic frameworks (2)
- Methodology (2)
- Metrology in chemistry (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Micro-computed tomography (2)
- Microbial proteomics (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microemulsion (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Microwave synthesis (2)
- Mobile phase (2)
- Modeling chemical reactions (2)
- Moisture (2)
- Moisture measurements (2)
- Molar mass (2)
- Molecular mobility (2)
- Molecular sieves (2)
- Monoclonal antibody (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (2)
- Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry (2)
- Multi-phase materials (2)
- Multimodal (2)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (2)
- NIR-II (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- NP (2)
- Nanocomposite (2)
- Nanoparticle formation (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Nanosheets (2)
- Nanotechnology (2)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (2)
- Net-ionization reaction (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrotyrosine (2)
- Non-destructiv testing (2)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (2)
- Nontarget analysis (2)
- Numerical simulation (2)
- OH Radical (2)
- Oligonucleotides (2)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Ontology (2)
- Open Science (2)
- Optical assay (2)
- Optical detection (2)
- Optical properties (2)
- Optical sensor (2)
- Optimization (2)
- Organic compounds (2)
- Origami (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (2)
- Oxygen sensor (2)
- PDT (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- PXRD (2)
- Papyrus (2)
- Partially saturated pores (2)
- Particle morphology (2)
- Particle scattering (2)
- Particle scattering simulations (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Penelope model (2)
- Peptide analysis (2)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Permethrin (2)
- Pesticide (2)
- Phase transformation (2)
- Phenylalanine (2)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (2)
- Photochemistry (2)
- Photooxidation (2)
- Physics (2)
- Physisorption (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Pigment identification (2)
- Plasma tomography (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (2)
- Polyethylene glycol (2)
- Polyglycerol (2)
- Polymer of intrinsic microporosity (2)
- Polymer particle (2)
- Pore space (2)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (2)
- Prehydrated electron (2)
- Probe (2)
- Process analytical technology (2)
- Process control (2)
- Process monitoring (2)
- Proficiency testing (2)
- Prostate cancer (2)
- Protein A (2)
- Proteomics (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Pulsed thermography (2)
- Purity (2)
- Pyrolysis (2)
- Quality Control (2)
- Quantitative protein analysis (2)
- Quasi-direct damage (2)
- Quasielastic neutron scattering (2)
- R package (2)
- Radiation therapy (2)
- Radiationtherapy (2)
- Radical (2)
- Radical Scavenger (2)
- Radioactive decay (2)
- Radiolysis (2)
- Ratiometric (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Real-time process monitoring (2)
- Reconstruction algorithm (2)
- Reference (2)
- Regeneration (2)
- Regularization (2)
- Reinforced Concrete (2)
- Reinforced concrete (2)
- Reporter (2)
- Rheology (2)
- Rhodamine (2)
- Round robin test (2)
- SBA-15 (2)
- SI (2)
- SI traceability (2)
- Scanning electron microscopy (2)
- Screening (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Semiconductor nanocrystal (2)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (2)
- Semitransparent (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Sequence coverage (2)
- Shadowgraphy (2)
- Si-Ge (2)
- Sialic acid (2)
- Silanization (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Simvastatin (2)
- Single particle ICP-MS (2)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (2)
- Small angle scattering (2)
- Small-angle xray scattering (2)
- Small-spot XPS (2)
- Solid state (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (2)
- Spectroskopic Imaging (2)
- Sr isotopes (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Sulfidation (2)
- Supramolecular chemistry (2)
- Surface analysis (2)
- Surface chemical analysis (2)
- Surface group quantification (2)
- Surface plasmon resonance (2)
- Surface science (2)
- Surface water (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Synthetic Training Data (2)
- Synthetic peptides (2)
- Sythesis (2)
- TGA-FTIR (2)
- Tag (2)
- Tandem MS (2)
- Testing laboratories (2)
- Therapy (2)
- Thermal anhydrite (2)
- Thermal desorption (2)
- Thermal wave (2)
- Thin polymer films (2)
- Time-resolved (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tire wear (2)
- Tissue (2)
- Topas-MC (2)
- Topas-nBio (2)
- Triple isotope fractionation (2)
- Tumor (2)
- Tyrosine (2)
- UV irradiation (2)
- Ultrasonic guided waves (2)
- Uncertainties (2)
- VCSEL (2)
- VOC (2)
- VRFB (2)
- Vacuum-UV (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Viscosity (2)
- Visualization (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Wastewater (2)
- Wave propagation (2)
- Welding (2)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (2)
- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- XCT (2)
- Xray (2)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (2)
- ZIF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- Zinc oxide (2)
- Zirconium (2)
- µ-CT (2)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayer (1)
- 1-dimensional, (1)
- 1-indanol (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 13th century (1)
- 150th anniversary (1)
- 150th anniversary of BAM (1)
- 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- 2-propanol oxidation (1)
- 20L-sphere (1)
- 2101 duplex stainless steel (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 280 nm (1)
- 29Si (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D model (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D deep convolutional neural network (3D DCNN) (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D microstructure (1)
- 3D particle analysis (1)
- 3D printed hydrogel (1)
- 3D ultrastructural analysis (1)
- 3D visualization (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 4,4′-dimercaptoazobenzene (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- 5-Bromouracil (1)
- 5-bromouracil (1)
- 6xHis (1)
- 8-bromoadenine (1)
- 89Y MAS-NMR (1)
- A4F (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAAA (1)
- ABID (1)
- ACEnet (1)
- ADA-GEL (1)
- ADMM (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AET (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AG nanoparticle (1)
- AGE (1)
- ALCOREF (1)
- ANFO (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- ASIC (1)
- ASR-Sensitive Aggregate (1)
- ATCUN (1)
- AU nanoparticle (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio calculation (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Absolute measurement (1)
- Absolute quantum yield (1)
- Absorptance (1)
- Absorption coefficient (1)
- Absorption spectrometry (1)
- Academic Software (1)
- Academic genealogy (1)
- Accreditation (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acid rock drainage (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acoustic Damping (1)
- Acoustic sensors (1)
- Acoustical damping (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Acousto-optic effect (1)
- Acrylamide (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Adoption (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Adsorbed microgel particles (1)
- Adsorbed water layer thickness (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced calorimetry (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Advanced nanomaterials (1)
- Affinity (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Aflatoxins (1)
- Afterglow (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggregates (1)
- Aggregation induced emission (1)
- Agile (1)
- Agility (1)
- Aging (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air coupled (1)
- Air filter samples (1)
- Air fragmentation (1)
- Air particulate matter (1)
- Air-coupled transducers (1)
- Airfoil pitching (1)
- Airfoil surging (1)
- Airport (1)
- Akaike information criterion picker (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Aktivkohle (1)
- Al-Composite (1)
- Al13 (1)
- AlCl (1)
- AlPO4-5 (1)
- Alanine scan (1)
- Albumin (1)
- Alcohol electrooxidation (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) (1)
- Alkali-activated slag (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alkoxysilanes (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Altenuene (1)
- Alternaria mycotoxins (1)
- Aluminium alloys (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Ambient pressure laser ionization (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Ammonium nitrate (1)
- Amorphization (1)
- Amorphous phases (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Amyloid (1)
- Amyloid-beta (1)
- Analysis area measurements (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical sciences (1)
- Analyzer-Based Imaging (1)
- Anemia (1)
- Aneurysm (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Angiotensin II (1)
- Angle wedge (1)
- Anilinopyridine (1)
- Anion exchange (1)
- Anion receptors (1)
- Anisotropic fiber orientation (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Anosteocytic bone (1)
- Antagonists (1)
- Anthracene (1)
- Anthracene schiff base (1)
- Anthropocene (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surface coatings (1)
- Antibiotic delivery (1)
- Antibiotic release (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody coating (1)
- Antibody conjuagtes (1)
- Antibody conjugates (1)
- Antibody identification (1)
- Antibody quantification (1)
- Antibody-gated indicator delivery (1)
- Antifouling biocides (1)
- Antifouling surface coatings (1)
- Antifriction coefficient (1)
- Antikensammlung Berlin (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimicrobial titanium coating (1)
- Antimony oxychloride ( Sb4O5Cl2) (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- App (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Argon (1)
- Argon gas cluster ion sputtering (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Arsenic retention (1)
- Arsenite (1)
- Art restauration (1)
- Artificial Neural Networks (1)
- Artificial digestion (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaques (1)
- Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (1)
- Atmospheric aerosol (1)
- Atmospheric pressure plasma (1)
- Atomic (1)
- Atomic Absorption (1)
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (1)
- Atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (1)
- Atomic and molecular mapping (1)
- Atomic and molecular physics, and optics (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Atomic weight (1)
- Atomspheric-Pressure (1)
- Au (1)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (1)
- Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) (1)
- Augmented data (1)
- Austenitic stainless steel (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated synthesis (1)
- Automated system (1)
- Automatic Segmentation (1)
- Automatisation (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- Automotive engineering (1)
- Automotive industry (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Aviation (1)
- Avogadro constant (1)
- Ayesian models (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- BAM (1)
- BAM SynthCOND (1)
- BAM SynthMAT (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BCA test (1)
- BERM (1)
- BET (1)
- BET specific surface area (1)
- BF3 (1)
- BLE Bluetooth low energy (1)
- BPA removal (1)
- BSA (1)
- BaF (1)
- Back-side integration (1)
- Backlighting (1)
- Bacterial lysates (1)
- Bacteriophage f1 (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Baltic Stone Age (1)
- Banana (1)
- Bandgap quenching (1)
- Barium (1)
- Basaluminite (1)
- Basic solvent (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Batteries (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bayesian hierachical modelling (1)
- Bbeverages (1)
- Bead injection spectroscopy (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Beam hardening (1)
- Benchmarking study (1)
- Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1)
- Benzothiadiazole (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Beta-eucryptite (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Bimodal distribution (1)
- Bimodal size distribution (1)
- Binary measurement (1)
- Binder (1)
- Binding molecule (1)
- Bio sensing device (1)
- Bio-based concrete (1)
- Bio-orthogonal chemistry (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioapatite (1)
- Bioconjugate (1)
- Biodiesel fuel (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biofunctional Molecules (1)
- Biogenic carbonates (1)
- Biointerfaces (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biological boron recycling (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biomedical application (1)
- Biopolymers Probes (1)
- Biopolyol (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosilicification (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bisphenol-A (1)
- Bistable fluidic amplifier (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blended learning (1)
- Blends (1)
- Blind structured illumination (1)
- Block copolymer (1)
- Block regularization (1)
- Block-sparsity (1)
- Blood-brain barrier (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bombs (1)
- Bone (1)
- Bone matrix (1)
- Bone porosity (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- BornAgain simulation (1)
- Boron halides (1)
- Boron isotope (1)
- Boron isotope fractionation (1)
- Boron isotopic composition (1)
- Boronic acid (1)
- Boronic acid-functionalized 2D MoS2 (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Borosilicate glass (1)
- Bound water (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1)
- Bradford (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brain PET tracers (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Bravais lattice (1)
- Breath (1)
- Bridge inspection (1)
- Broadband Dielectric Spectrscopy (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Building material (1)
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (1)
- Byproducts (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- C-dot (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CCQM key comparison (1)
- CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- CID (1)
- CIGS (1)
- COPV (1)
- COSMO (1)
- CPD (1)
- CRP (1)
- CT simulation (1)
- CaCl emission bands (1)
- Cadmium (1)
- Cadmium and lead remediation (1)
- Calcification (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium carbide method (1)
- Calcium carbonates (1)
- Calcium monofluoride (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibrated fluorescence measurements (1)
- Calibration free LIBS (1)
- Calibration-free analysis (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Cancer awareness measure (1)
- Cancer risk (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Canine olfactometry (1)
- Canny approach (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (1)
- Carbodiimide crosslinking (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon dot (1)
- Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (1)
- Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (1)
- Carbon footprint (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon nanodots (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Carboxyl group (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Cardiolipins (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier gas hot extraction (1)
- Carriers (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catch and release assay (1)
- Catechol (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cathode material (1)
- Cationic ring opening polymerization (1)
- Cconventional method (1)
- CdS (1)
- CdS shell (1)
- CdSe (1)
- CdSe/ZnS quantum Dots (1)
- CdTe sensor (1)
- Cell sheet fabrication (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cellular trafficking (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Cement clinker remnants (1)
- Cement hydration (1)
- Central Taurus (1)
- Ceramic matrix composite (1)
- Ceramics and Composites (1)
- Chalcogenides (1)
- Characterisation of soil sites (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Charge Transfer (1)
- Charge transfer (1)
- Chelate (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical Process Control (1)
- Chemical Safety (1)
- Chemical admixtures (1)
- Chemical derivatization (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical protein modification (1)
- Chemical sensors (1)
- Chemical transformation (1)
- Chemical-hydrodynamic modeling (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemodosimeter (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chenopodium album (1)
- Chicken antibodies (1)
- Chloride (1)
- Chlorides (1)
- Chlorine determination (1)
- Chlorofluorosilanes (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Ciaaw.org (1)
- Ciprofloxacin (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Classical primary measurement method (CPM) (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavable linker (1)
- Cleavable reporter (1)
- Cleavage (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Clinical Biochemistry (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Co-crystal (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coating materials (1)
- Cobalt and zinc oxides (1)
- Cobalt deposition (1)
- Cocrystals (1)
- Coda (1)
- Coda Wave Interferometry (1)
- Coded Aperture (1)
- Coded aperture (1)
- Coded apertures (1)
- Cold to fast neutron testing (1)
- Collaborative studies (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collection (1)
- Collision induced dissociation (CID) (1)
- Collision-induced dissociation (1)
- Color (1)
- Color sensing (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colorimetric Test (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Columnar Liquid Crystal (1)
- Combinatorial chemistry (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Commercial metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complementary MS (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complex systems (1)
- Complexation (1)
- Component-like test (1)
- Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (1)
- Composite Pipes (1)
- Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (1)
- Composite panel (1)
- Composite structures (1)
- Composites (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compositional complex alloys (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound-independent calibration (1)
- Compressibility (1)
- Compression mechanical (1)
- Compression strength (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Computational fluid dynamics (1)
- Computed radiography (CR) (1)
- Comressed Sensing (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concentration mapping (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Concrete and screed (1)
- Concrete bridges (1)
- Concrete structures (1)
- Concrete testing (1)
- Conductor-like screening model (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined water (1)
- Confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conformity assessment body (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Construction (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Consumer Products (1)
- Contaminated site (1)
- Continuous Sensor (1)
- Continuous processes (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled-shape (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Converter material (1)
- Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Convolutional neural network (1)
- Convolutional neural networks (CNN) (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymers (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Copper nanoparticles (1)
- Copper sulfides (1)
- Copper vacancies (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Core shell structure (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Corner echo (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corona Discharge (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Corophium volutator (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Corrosion rate (1)
- Coulometric sensors (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Coupling reactions (1)
- Covalend functionalization (1)
- Covalent Organic Frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Covalent interactions (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Cr-complex (1)
- Crack Detection (1)
- Crack depth (1)
- Crack evolution (1)
- Creep (1)
- Cristobalite frameworks (1)
- Cross laminography (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (1)
- Cryoadsorption (1)
- Cryogenic Vessels (1)
- Crystal engineering (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Crystallography (1)
- Crystals (1)
- CuO nanoparticles (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- Curcubituril (1)
- Cy3 (1)
- Cyanide (1)
- Cyanide in soil (1)
- Cyanine (1)
- Cyber-Physical Systems (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cyber-physical systems (1)
- Cyclic (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloaddition (1)
- Cyclohexane (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- Cytoplasm (1)
- Cytoplasmic remodeling (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- D-glucose (1)
- D2XRF (1)
- DAS (1)
- DC-Arc (1)
- DEA (1)
- DFG SPP 2005 (1)
- DFT calculation (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DLP (1)
- DMD (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA Origami (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand breaks (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DNA-Sequence (1)
- DOTA (1)
- DPSS laser (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSC (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DTAB (1)
- DVC (1)
- DVS (1)
- Damage Quantification (1)
- Damage localization (1)
- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1)
- Darkfield imaging (1)
- Darr method (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data Processing (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data fitting (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data integration (1)
- Data reconstruction (1)
- Data science (1)
- Data-integration (1)
- De novo peptide sequencing (1)
- Debromination (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller parameter (1)
- Debye–Waller factor (1)
- Decay kinetics (1)
- Decision support (1)
- Deconvolution (1)
- Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) (1)
- Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) (1)
- Deep learning segmentation (1)
- Deep learning-based tools (1)
- Deep stall (1)
- Deep unfolding (1)
- Defect (1)
- Defect characterisation (1)
- Defect evaluation (1)
- Definition (1)
- Degradation mechanisms (1)
- Degradation of polyethylene (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Delamination (1)
- Delaminations (1)
- Delta isotope standard (1)
- Dendrite growth (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (1)
- Denoising Deblurring Sharpening (1)
- Density functional calculations (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Dentin (1)
- Depht profiling (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Depth resolved XANES (1)
- Design of experiment (1)
- Detail detection (1)
- Detection Assessments (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Deuterium enriched water (1)
- Diagenesis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Diameter (1)
- Diastolic dysfunction (1)
- Diatomic molecule (1)
- Dichtungen (1)
- Dielectric ceramic (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Diesel Particulate Filter Materials (1)
- Diesel exhaust (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (1)
- Diffraction contrast (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Digital Detector Array (DDA) (1)
- Digital Radiography (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital Volume Correlation (1)
- Digital detector array (1)
- Digital light processing (1)
- Digital micromirror device (1)
- Digital radiography (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digital twins (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitale Transformation (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitisation (1)
- Dimensional metrology (1)
- Dimerization (1)
- Dimorphs (1)
- Dip-stick assay (1)
- Dipsersive XAS (1)
- Direct alcohol fuel cells (1)
- Direct metal assay (1)
- Direct/indirect photolysis (1)
- Disbond (1)
- Discharge arc (1)
- Discotic liquid crystals (1)
- Dislocation (1)
- Disorder (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Disorientation (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dispersive XAS (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissolution (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Dityrosine (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Docking (1)
- Dolomite (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Double strands (1)
- Double-multilayer monochromators (1)
- Double-pulse laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Dried fig (1)
- Drilling resistance (1)
- Droplets (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drug Discovery (1)
- Drug delivery (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Drug transporters (1)
- Dry DNA (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dual Energy Imaging (1)
- Dual-pulse (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dyad (1)
- Dye monomers (1)
- Dyes/pigments (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic stall (1)
- Dynamic vapor sorption (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EC/LC/MS (1)
- EC/MS (1)
- ECR (1)
- EDTAD (1)
- EDX (1)
- EFQM Excellence Modell (1)
- EFTEM (1)
- EMPIR (1)
- EP-3533 (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ESCA (1)
- ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESR (1)
- ETV (1)
- EU-WFD (1)
- EURAMET (1)
- EURAS (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Early Earth (1)
- Earth material (1)
- Earthquake data (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Ecotoxicological Testing (1)
- Ecotoxicology testing (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Eddy current (1)
- Effective gas diffusion coefficient (1)
- Eingnugsprüfung (1)
- Einzelzellanalyse (1)
- Elastic (1)
- Elastic net (1)
- Elasticity (1)
- Elastin-specific contrast agent ESMA (1)
- Elastin-specific molecular agent (1)
- Elastodynamic Finite Inegration Technique (1)
- Elastoplastic material parameters (1)
- Electrical resistivity (1)
- Electrochemical Reactor (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical deposition (ECD) (1)
- Electrochemical energy conversion (1)
- Electrochemical oxidation (1)
- Electrochemical real-time mass spectrometry (1)
- Electrochemical sensing (1)
- Electrochemical titration (1)
- Electrochemistry mass spectrometry (1)
- Electromagnetic (1)
- Electron (1)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- Electron beam (1)
- Electron beam welding (1)
- Electron spectroscopy (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic nose (1)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Element Specific Bioimaging Using Laser Ablation (1)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (1)
- Elemental Distribution (1)
- Elemental analysis (1)
- Elemental fingerprints (1)
- Elemental mapping (1)
- Embedded Sensors (1)
- Embedded humidity sensors (1)
- Embedded transducers (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emerging brominated flame retardant (1)
- Emerging contaminants (1)
- Emerging/novel brominated flame retardant (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Encapsulation (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Endokrine Disruptoren (1)
- Energy dependent XPS (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy storage (1)
- Engineered barrier (1)
- Enhancement (1)
- Enhancement strategy (1)
- Ensemble measurements (1)
- Entropy noise (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental impacts (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Environmental pollution monitoring (1)
- Enzyme activity (1)
- Equilibrium chemical modeling (1)
- Equivalent carbon number (1)
- Er(III) (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Error correction (1)
- Esterification (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Estrogens (1)
- Etalon feature (1)
- Ethanol in water (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Ethyl glucuronide (1)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1)
- Etofenprox (1)
- European Centre (1)
- European Reference Material (1)
- Evaporation (1)
- Evaporative drying (1)
- Ex vivo (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Excess surface work (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Exhaust (1)
- Existing Concrete Structures (1)
- Existing structure (1)
- Existing structures (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental design (1)
- Experimental setup (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Exploratory analysis (1)
- Explosives (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- F- doping (1)
- FAIR (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FLIM (1)
- FMEA (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- Far-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fast flow GD (1)
- Fast measurement (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fast single pulse response (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fatty acid desaturation (1)
- Fatty acid synthesis (1)
- Fatty acid uptake (1)
- Fatty acids (1)
- Fe nanoparticles metabolism (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- FeNi (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Features (1)
- Feedstock powder (1)
- Femtosecond laser (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fenton’s reagent (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Fertilzer (1)
- Ferumoxytol (1)
- Festphasenextraktion (1)
- Festschrift (1)
- Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) (1)
- Fiber composites (1)
- Fiber optic sensing (1)
- Fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FO-LIBS) (1)
- Fiber-reinforced concrete (1)
- Field data (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Film (1)
- Film noise (1)
- Film system classification (1)
- Filter crucible (1)
- Finite Element Method (1)
- Finite Volume Method (1)
- Finow Canal (1)
- Fire spalling (1)
- Flash excitation (1)
- Flash lamp (1)
- Flat bottom holes (1)
- Flaw detection (1)
- Flourescin (1)
- Flow Chemistry (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Fluid dynamic model (1)
- Fluid-Structure Interaction (1)
- Fluidic devices (1)
- Fluoranthene (1)
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy FCS (1)
- Fluorescence intensity ratio (1)
- Fluorescence label (1)
- Fluorescence life time (1)
- Fluorescence sensing (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescence standard (1)
- Fluorescent dye (1)
- Fluorescent label (1)
- Fluorescent probe (1)
- Fluoride (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorination (1)
- Fluorine coordination polymers (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Fluorophilic interactions (1)
- Fluorophore (1)
- Fluorouracil (1)
- Fluxomics (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Folic acid (1)
- Food Analysis (1)
- Food contaminants (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Foodstuffs (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Formulation additives (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fow injection analysis (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fragmentation activation (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Frost salt attack (1)
- Fuel (1)
- Fullerene-Polyglycerol Sulfates (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional group analysis (1)
- Functional group quantification (1)
- Functionalization (1)
- Functionalized nanographene (1)
- Functionally graded porous scaffolds (1)
- Functionally graded porous structure (1)
- Fundamentals (1)
- Fungicide (1)
- Funtional Groups (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fusarium mycotoxin (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GD-MS (1)
- GF-MAS (1)
- GMAW (1)
- GMR sensors (1)
- GPA (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agent (1)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) (1)
- Gadovist (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas discharges (1)
- Gas separation (1)
- Gas transport in porous media (1)
- Gas-phase reactions (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gaseous reactants (1)
- Gasoline (1)
- Gated hybrid material (1)
- Gd-DOTA (1)
- Gel electrophoresis (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genotoxic and oxidative damage (1)
- Geochemistry (1)
- Geochemistry and Petrology (1)
- Geological material (1)
- Geometrical deviation (1)
- Geometrical magnification (1)
- Geophysics (1)
- Geosciences (1)
- Geothermal energy (1)
- Germanium chlorides (1)
- Germanium sulfide (1)
- Gerätekommunikation (1)
- Ggadolinium (1)
- Giant magneto resistance (GMR) (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Github (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glasses (1)
- Glue (1)
- Glycan microarray (1)
- Glycans (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Glycosaminoglycan (1)
- Goethite (1)
- Gold nanocluster (1)
- Gold nanoclusters (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gradient elution (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grain sizes (1)
- Graph databases (1)
- Graph learning (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene oxide (1)
- Graphene related two-dimensional materials (GR2M) (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphene–bacteria interaction (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphical model (1)
- Graphit (1)
- Graphite (1)
- Graphitization (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Grazin exit XANES (1)
- Grazing incidence small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- Greek curse tablets (1)
- Green chemistry (1)
- Green light excitation (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Green synthesis (1)
- Ground Penetrating Radar (1)
- Group profile (1)
- Guest uptake/release (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- Gypsum dehydration (1)
- H-terminated Si3N4 films (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- H3PO3 (1)
- H3PO4 life cycle (1)
- HCD (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF (1)
- HF free Digestion (1)
- HKUST-1 (1)
- HLA (1)
- HPLC-DAD/FLD (1)
- HPLC-ICP-MS (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLC–MS (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HT22 (1)
- HTS (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Hairpin (1)
- Half-Cell Potential Mapping (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Harsh environment (1)
- Hay fever (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- HeLa (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat flow (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heavy chains (1)
- Heavy crude oil (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Hematite (1)
- Hemihydrate (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- Heterogeneous (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- HexaHis-Tag (1)
- Hexabenzocoronenes (1)
- Hierarchical cluster analysis (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High Strength Concrete (1)
- High pH (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High pressure experiments (1)
- High purity (1)
- High resolution (1)
- High specific surface area (1)
- High temperature corrosion (1)
- High-Speed (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-entropy alloy (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-fired gypsum (1)
- High-frequency arc discharge (1)
- High-order transition elements (1)
- High-purity elements (1)
- High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (1)
- High-resolution synchrotron XRF (1)
- High-temperature fuel cells (1)
- Highly permeably polynorbornenes (1)
- Hilbert transform (1)
- His6 (1)
- His8 (1)
- Histidine (1)
- Histology (1)
- History of Art (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Hormone (1)
- Host-guest interaction (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Hot electrons (1)
- Hot-electrons (1)
- Hot-pressing (1)
- Human Factors (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human error (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- Human serum albumin (1)
- Human umbilical cell adhesion (1)
- Human-FMEA (1)
- Hybrid Explosions (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hybridoma (1)
- Hydantoin (1)
- Hydrated silicate melts (1)
- Hydrochloric acid (1)
- Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) (1)
- Hydrodynamic model (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption (1)
- Hydrogen adsorption storage (1)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (1)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (1)
- Hydrogen generation (1)
- Hydrogen photoproduction (1)
- Hydrogen uptake reproducibility (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrolysis products (1)
- Hydrolytic resistance (1)
- Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrophobicity (1)
- Hydrothermal fluid (1)
- Hydroxyl radicals (1)
- Hydroxylation (1)
- Hyperbranched (1)
- Hyperthermia (1)
- Hyphenated (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- ICP (1)
- ICP MS (1)
- ICP-AES (1)
- ICP-MS/MS (1)
- ICP-TOF-MS (1)
- ICP-TOFMS (1)
- ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- IDMS (1)
- IMAC purification (1)
- INADEQUATE (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- Identity (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- IgY (1)
- Iinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1)
- Iinter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Illuminance (1)
- Image Quality (1)
- Image evaluation (1)
- Image-based models (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging Technique (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immunoassays (1)
- Immunofluorescence (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Impact (1)
- Impact Echo (1)
- Impact damage (1)
- Impact diamonds (1)
- Impact echo (1)
- Impact of standards (1)
- Implant material (1)
- Impurites (1)
- Impurity assessment (1)
- In Memoriam (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ Raman (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ coupling (1)
- In situ diffraction (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-air ranging (1)
- In-house calibration solution (1)
- In-situ Computed Tomography (1)
- In-situ polymerization (1)
- In-situ testing (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Indentation (1)
- Indirect Hard Modeling (1)
- Indirect combustion noise (1)
- Individual cell tracking (1)
- Induced polarization (1)
- Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (1)
- Inductively‑coupled mass spectrometry (1)
- Industrial CT (1)
- Industrial gypsum (1)
- Industrial internet of things (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Industry 4.0, (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inert gases (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Information Security (1)
- Information security management system (ISMS) (1)
- Infrared light (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Infrastructure (1)
- Ink analysis (1)
- Inlet ionization (1)
- Inline NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Inorganic chemical analysis (1)
- Inorganic polymers (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Inspection design and planning (1)
- Instantaneous wavenumber analysis (1)
- Institutional theory (1)
- Instrument Communication (1)
- Instrumental isotope fractionation (1)
- Insulation (1)
- Integrated Processes (1)
- Integration sphere spectroscopy (1)
- Intellectual property rights (IPR) (1)
- Intensity scale calibration (1)
- Interaction with atmospheres (1)
- Interactions (1)
- Interferometry (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory experiment (1)
- Interlaboratory key comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Interlabority comparison (1)
- Interlayer delay (1)
- Intermediate phases (1)
- Intermixing (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- Internal standard (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Interphase (1)
- Interpretable machine learning (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Inverse Problem (1)
- Inverse analysis (1)
- Inverse problems (1)
- Inverted classroom (1)
- IoT (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ionic liquid crystal (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Ionmobility spectrometry (1)
- Ionophore (1)
- Ionophore antibiotics (1)
- Iposomes (1)
- Iridium (1)
- Iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Iron Complex (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron deficiency (1)
- Iron disorders (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron speciation (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isotope Dilution (1)
- Isotope Labelling (1)
- Isotope amount ratio (1)
- Isotope delta (1)
- Isotope delta value (1)
- Isotope fractionation (1)
- Isotope-labeled (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Isotopic analysis (1)
- Isotopic dilution (1)
- Isotopologue Distribution (1)
- Iterative method (1)
- Iterative real-time optimization (1)
- Iterative shrinkage thresholding (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- Jahrestag (1)
- Job plot (1)
- K+ doped (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Kidney (1)
- Kikuchi pattern (1)
- Kikuchi patterns (1)
- Kilogram (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Kjeldahl (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Knoevenagel condensation (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Knudsen diffusion (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Konjugate (1)
- L-alanine (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LA-(MC-)ICP-MS (1)
- LA-ICP-SFMS (1)
- LA/ICP-MS Imaging (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-UV absorbance (1)
- LC/HRMS (1)
- LET (1)
- LIDB plasma (1)
- LIF (1)
- LOD (1)
- LSVEC (1)
- Lab of the Future (1)
- Lab-on-a-Chip (1)
- Labeling (1)
- Labor der Zukunft (1)
- Laboratory 4.0 (1)
- Laboratory tests (1)
- Lactate (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Ladder sequencing (1)
- Lanthanide-doped nayf-4 (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Lanthanides doped coordination polymers (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large-scale processing (1)
- Lasalocid (1)
- Laser Desorption (1)
- Laser Doppler Vibrometer (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF) (1)
- Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP-MSI) (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (1)
- Laser beam welding (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser excitation (1)
- Laser heating (1)
- Laser induced breakdown (1)
- Laser induced breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser induced dielectric breakdown, Hydrogen reduction (1)
- Laser metal deposition (1)
- Laser metal deposition (LMD) (1)
- Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF) (1)
- Laser scanning (1)
- Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Lateral flow assay (1)
- Lateral flow test (1)
- Laterally-resolved (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Layers (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead ions (1)
- Lead isotope composition (1)
- Lead isotope ratios (1)
- Lead isotope variations (1)
- Lead isotopes (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Lebensmittel (1)
- Lecture films (1)
- Legacy pollution (1)
- Level of detection (1)
- Library (1)
- Lifetime analysis (1)
- Lifetime encoding (1)
- Lifetime, synthesis (1)
- Lifetime-encoded beads (1)
- Ligand design (1)
- Ligand exchange (1)
- Light chain (1)
- Light chains (1)
- Limited data (1)
- Linear polyglycerol (1)
- Liner (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Liquefied Hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied Natural Gas (1)
- Liquefied hydrogen (1)
- Liquefied natural gas (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Liver X receptor (1)
- Lluminescence (1)
- Local resonance (1)
- Local wavenumber analysis (1)
- Lock-in (1)
- Lock-in excitation (1)
- Locked nucleic acids (1)
- Log-normal distribution (1)
- Longst luminescence lifetime (1)
- Lonsdaleite (1)
- Low carbon steel (1)
- Low-Energy (1)
- Low-cost (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (1)
- Luminescence lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (1)
- Lysergic acid hydrazide (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- MALDI Imaging MS (1)
- MALDI-ToF-MS (1)
- MAS NMR spectroscopy (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MC-TIMS (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MDCK cell (1)
- MIC (1)
- MICAP-MS (1)
- MIMO (1)
- MLCT (1)
- MLI (1)
- MOSH/MOAH (1)
- MR Angiography (1)
- MR imaging (1)
- MRT (1)
- MS (1)
- MS/MS (1)
- MST (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macrocyclus (1)
- Macrophagen (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Macropores (1)
- Magnesium (1)
- Magnesium carbonates (1)
- Magnesium isotope ratios (1)
- Magnetic Methods (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetically stabilized (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Magnetometry (1)
- Magnetoresistive sensor (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Maia detector (1)
- Maillard reaction (1)
- MamaLoCa (1)
- Management science and operations research (1)
- Management system standards (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass cytometry (1)
- Mass spectrometry imaging (1)
- Mass-Spectral Reconstruction (1)
- Mass-spectrometry (1)
- Material Moisture (1)
- Material Science (1)
- Material engineering (1)
- Material sciences (1)
- Material-binding Peptides (1)
- Materials Characterization (1)
- Materials Stability (1)
- Materials analysis (1)
- Materials evaluation (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Matrices (1)
- Matrix independent calibration (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) (1)
- Matrixeffekte (1)
- Measurement Uncertainty (1)
- Measuremment uncertainty (1)
- Mechanical Load (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanical waves (1)
- Medical diagnostics (1)
- Medicinal application (1)
- MefHySto (1)
- Melanoidin (1)
- Melanoidine (1)
- Membrane polymers (1)
- Mercury intrusion porosimetry (1)
- Mercury speciation (1)
- Meso Portland cement (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesocrystal (1)
- Mesopores (1)
- Mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous materials (1)
- Mesoporous particles (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous thin films (1)
- Meta-Omics (1)
- Metabolic Flux (1)
- Metabolization (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal cluster (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal labeling (1)
- Metal matrix composite (MMC) (1)
- Metal matrix composites (1)
- Metal matrix composites (MMC) (1)
- Metal nanoclusters (1)
- Metal nanoparicels (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal toxicity (1)
- Metal uptake (1)
- Metal vapor (1)
- Metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metalloprotein (1)
- Metal– organic frameworks (1)
- Metamaterial (1)
- Metamaterials (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Methanol oxidation (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Methylmercury (1)
- Metoligotoma (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Mg1-xZnxTiO3 (1)
- Micellar chromatography (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro heterogeneity (1)
- Micro hollow cathode discharge (1)
- Micro-Hydrocyclone (1)
- Micro-comuted tomography (µCT) (1)
- Micro-sublimation (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microanalysis (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbe interactions (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological measurement (1)
- Microcracked ceramics (1)
- Microcracking (1)
- Microdialysis (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microencapsulation (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic Chip (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Microparticle (1)
- Microparticles (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic-induced effects (1)
- Microplastics analytic (1)
- Microplastics reference material (1)
- Microplatic (1)
- Microporous polymers (1)
- Microscope slides (1)
- Microspheres (1)
- Microstructure characterization (1)
- Microwave (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikroplastik Massegehalt (1)
- Milling (1)
- Mineral identification (1)
- Mineral oil hydrocarobons (1)
- Mineral paragenesis (1)
- Mineral tranformation (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Miniaturization (1)
- Misorientation (1)
- Missing fragmentation sites (1)
- Missing wedge (1)
- Mixed conductors (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- MoF6 (1)
- Mobile analysis (1)
- Mobile analytics (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modified U-Net architectures (1)
- Modified U-net architectures (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Modifier adaptation (1)
- Modulation transfer function (1)
- Moisture distribution (1)
- Mole (1)
- Molecular Biology (1)
- Molecular MRI (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular analysis (1)
- Molecular beacon (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular emission (1)
- Molecular imprinted polymers (1)
- Molecular imprinting (1)
- Molecular marker (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Molecular semiconductor (1)
- Molecular spectra (1)
- Molecular-MRI (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Molybdenum boride (1)
- Molybdenum carbide (1)
- Monensin (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal Antibody (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Monomer (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Mounting media (1)
- Moxidectin (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multi photon lithography (1)
- Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Multi-dimensional reconstruction (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-layers (1)
- Multi-omics (1)
- Multi-principal element alloy (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) (1)
- Multilayer Insulation (1)
- Multiphoton lithography (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Multiple-injection sample-standard bracketing (1)
- Multiplet (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Multivariate analysis methods (1)
- Multivariate calibration (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Multivariate methods (1)
- Muon (1)
- Mussel-inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI-dPG) (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- Mycotoxin Analysis (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- N-Chlorination (1)
- NIR Spectroscopy (1)
- NIR emitter (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NIR-II fluorescence (1)
- NIRII (1)
- NIST (1)
- NIST-mAb 8671 (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR probe Development (1)
- Nafion 117 (1)
- Naica (1)
- Nanaoparticle (1)
- Nanaoparticles (1)
- Nano particles (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nano-carrier (1)
- Nano-safety (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanobiointerfaces (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocluster (1)
- Nanocomposite fibers (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanocrystals (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanolenses (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial design (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanometrology (1)
- Nanoparticle concentration (1)
- Nanoparticle dimers (1)
- Nanoparticle structure (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter (1)
- Nanoplatelet (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanopores (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosafety (Safe-by-design) (1)
- Nanosciences (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostructures (1)
- Nano‐object characterization (1)
- Naphthalene (Nap) (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Natural stones (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (1)
- Near-ambient pressure (1)
- Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared light (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Nebulization (1)
- Network (1)
- Network science (1)
- Networking (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neutron Bragg edge imaging (1)
- Neutron Imaging (1)
- Neutron Scattering (1)
- Neutron instrument (1)
- Neutron radiography (1)
- Neutron reflectometry (1)
- Neutron tomography (1)
- Newton Raphson method (1)
- Nickel chelate (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Nile Red (1)
- Nitinol (1)
- Nitration (1)
- Nitrene[2+1]cycloaddition (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nitrogen dioxide (1)
- Nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (1)
- Nitrogen monoxide (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Nm film thickness (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Noise (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Noise simulation (1)
- Non Destructive Testing (1)
- Non destructive testing (1)
- Non lienear processes (1)
- Non linear dynamics (1)
- Non-Destructive Evaluation (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) (1)
- Non-classical crystallization theory (1)
- Non-destructive Testing (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive characterisation (1)
- Non-destructive evaluation (1)
- Non-destructive testing in civil engineering (1)
- Non-destructive testing of concrete (1)
- Non-invasive (1)
- Non-invasive glucose sensing (1)
- Non-linear finite element modelling (1)
- Non-metal analysis (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-spherical (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Non-targeted analysis (1)
- Non-thermally coupled levels (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Nondestructive testing (NDT) (1)
- Nonferrous slag (1)
- Noninvasive glucose sensing (1)
- Nonporous SiO2 (1)
- Normung (1)
- Notches (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1)
- Nuclear receptor (1)
- Nucleation (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Nucleocapsid (1)
- Numerical Methods (1)
- Numerical Modelling (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- OBOC library (1)
- OECD (1)
- OER (1)
- OH (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OMS (1)
- Oberflächenwasser (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Oil (1)
- Oligonucleotide (1)
- Oligonucleotide fragmentation (1)
- On-chip screening (1)
- On-line CE/MC-ICP-MS (1)
- On-site detection (1)
- One-bead-one-compound library (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Online monitoring (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Ontology Engineering (1)
- Opaque materials (1)
- Open data (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Open science (1)
- Operando (1)
- Optical Spectrometry (1)
- Optical fibers (1)
- Optical microphone (1)
- Optical quantification (1)
- Optical temperature sensing (1)
- Optically excited lock-in thermography (1)
- Optoelectronics (1)
- Optofluidics (1)
- Orbitrap (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Ordered mesoporous silica (1)
- Ore provenance (1)
- Organic Synthesis (1)
- Organic calibration solution (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic polymers (1)
- Organic/inorganic block copolymer (1)
- Organic–inorganic nanostructures (1)
- Organizational resilience (1)
- Orientation precision (1)
- Orientation refinement (1)
- Oriented immobilization (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Osmotic minipumps (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Outburst floods (1)
- Outdoor odor emissions (1)
- Ovarian cancer (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oven drying (1)
- Oxidative metabolism (1)
- Oxocobaltates (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Catalyst (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- Oxygen isotope ratios (1)
- Ozone (1)
- P-aminothiophenol (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAHs (1)
- PBS (1)
- PCA (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PDF (1)
- PECVD (1)
- PEG (1)
- PES (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PH monitoring in concrete (1)
- PIC technology (1)
- PIFE (1)
- PLS regression (1)
- POD (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PS (1)
- PTFE (1)
- PVDF-Based membrane (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Packing density (1)
- Painting (1)
- Palaeoanthropology (1)
- Pants (1)
- Parameter optimization (1)
- Partial Least Squares Regression (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Partial pore saturation (1)
- Partial safety factor modification (1)
- Particle Characterization (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle motion trajectory (1)
- Particle scatterin simulations (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Path-based analysis (1)
- Pattern recognition receptor (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Pd(II) (1)
- Peer review (1)
- Pelletization (1)
- Penalty Parameter (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Pentaphenes (1)
- Peptide Library (1)
- Peptide aptamers (1)
- Peptide identification (1)
- Peptide library screening (1)
- Peptide losses (1)
- Peptide mass fingerprinting (1)
- Peptide probe (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Peptides and Proteins (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Performance check (1)
- Peristaltic pumps (1)
- Perlite (1)
- Perovskites (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Ph (1)
- Pharmaceutical (1)
- Pharmaceutical Science (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Pharmazeutika (1)
- Phase Imaging (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase-contrast microscopy (1)
- Phased array (1)
- Phenanthrene (1)
- Phenolic acid (1)
- Phenothrin (1)
- Phenylketonuria (1)
- Phorsphorescence (1)
- Phosphates (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phospholipids (1)
- Phosphonate esters (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorescence (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Photo-transformation products (1)
- Photoacoustic characterization (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photocatalytic activity (1)
- Photocatalytic reduction (1)
- Photochromism (1)
- Photodynamische Inaktivierung (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoemission (1)
- Photoinduced electron transfer (1)
- Photokatalyse (1)
- Photon Counting Detectors (1)
- Photon counting detector (1)
- Photonic biosensor (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photophysic (1)
- Photoplethysmography (1)
- Photosensibilisator (1)
- Photosensitization (1)
- Photosensitizer (1)
- Photoswitchable monolayers (1)
- Photothermal (1)
- Photothermal Technique (1)
- Photothermal imaging (1)
- Photothermal super resolution (1)
- Phthalocyanin (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Physical aging (1)
- Physical and chemical processes (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical twin (1)
- Physico-chemical characterisation of minerals (1)
- Physics and society (1)
- Physisoprtion (1)
- Phytoliths (1)
- Piaui state (1)
- Piezoelectric transducer (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pile testing (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Pink beams (1)
- Pipelines (1)
- Planck function (1)
- Plant tissue (1)
- Plant-model mismatch (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma acoustics (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasma expansion (1)
- Plasma imaging (1)
- Plasma induced luminescence (1)
- Plasma physics (1)
- Plasma-induced luminescence (1)
- Plasmaspectrochemistry (1)
- Plasmid DNA (1)
- Plasmon-catalyzed reactions (1)
- Plasmonic heating (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Plethysmographic skin imaging (1)
- Polarised light microscopy (1)
- Polarization spectroscopy (1)
- Polishing (1)
- Pollen extract (1)
- Pollen grains (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polycarbonate-co-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polycondensation (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafting antifouling surface (1)
- Polyethylenimine (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer membrane (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer-binding Peptides (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (1)
- Polymorph (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polyneoptera (1)
- Polynorbornenes (1)
- Polynorbornes (1)
- Polyoxocation (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Pore fluids (1)
- Pore segmentation (1)
- Pore size (1)
- Pore size distribution (1)
- Pore size tailoring (1)
- Pore space characterization (1)
- Pore volume distribution (1)
- Porosity prediction (1)
- Porous building materials (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous concrete (1)
- Porous thin films (1)
- Porphyrin (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Portland clinker (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Positron emission tomography (1)
- Post weld heat treatment (1)
- Post-modification by L-cysteine (1)
- Powder (1)
- Powder bed fusion (1)
- Powder diffraction (1)
- Powder removal (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Precision agriculture (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive maintenance (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Preprocessing (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Pressure (1)
- Pressure Vessels (1)
- Prestressed concrete (1)
- Preventive Innovation (1)
- Priam's treasure (1)
- Prill (1)
- Primary calibration solution (1)
- Primary difference measurement method (PDM) (1)
- Primary transfer standards (PTSs) (1)
- Primer (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Principal stress (1)
- Priority effect (1)
- Probabilistic (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probe diagnostics (1)
- Probenvorbereitung (1)
- Process Industry (1)
- Process industry (1)
- Process intelligence (1)
- Prodrug antibiotic (1)
- Proficiency Testing (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein G (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein analysis (1)
- Protein content (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein imaging (1)
- Protein nitration (1)
- Protein oligomerization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein test (1)
- Protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Protein–DNA filament (1)
- Protemics (1)
- Proteoglycans (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Protocol (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Provenance information (1)
- Provenancing (1)
- Proximity-enhanced reaction (1)
- Pseudo-Voigt fit function (1)
- Pt(111) (1)
- Pt(II) (1)
- Pt-based drugs (1)
- PtNP (1)
- Public funding (1)
- Puls-echo method (1)
- Pulse compression (1)
- Pulse energy (1)
- Pulse thermography (1)
- Pulse-echo method (1)
- Pulsed-GD-SFMS (1)
- Pulverization (1)
- Purine P2Y1 receptors (1)
- Pyrethroid (1)
- Python (1)
- QC (1)
- QI-FoKuS (1)
- QNMR (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Qantum yield (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Qualitative measurements (1)
- Quality Assurance (1)
- Quality assurancemechanism (1)
- Quantitative Analysis (1)
- Quantitative XPS (1)
- Quantitative bioimaging (1)
- Quantitative determination (1)
- Quantitative moisture measurement (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quantum Yield (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quantum do (1)
- Quantum rod (1)
- Quantum state (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quencher (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RBD (1)
- RBE (1)
- RDF (1)
- REDOR (1)
- REMPI (1)
- REPT-HMQC (1)
- RF ICP discharge (1)
- RFID based sensors (1)
- RNA (1)
- ROPPOC (1)
- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator (1)
- RXES (1)
- Radiated wavefield (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation protection (1)
- Radiation shielding (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radicals (1)
- Radioactive waste disposal (1)
- Radiogenic isotopes (1)
- Radiology (1)
- Radiometabolites (1)
- Radiosensitization (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Radon reconstruction (1)
- Radon transform (1)
- Radon transformation (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Raman band width determination (1)
- Raman microscopy (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Raman-spectroscopy (1)
- Rapid Analysis (1)
- Rapid procedure for binder extraction (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rare-Earth elements (Tm3+) (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rat/human liver microsomes (1)
- Ratiometric fluorescence (1)
- Rational design (1)
- Re-entrant surface feature (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reaction dynamics (1)
- Reactor control (1)
- Readiness for laying (1)
- Real-time imaging (1)
- Real-time quality control (1)
- Reallabor (1)
- Reassessment (1)
- Rebound hammer (1)
- Reclaimed asphalt (1)
- Recombinant Antibody (1)
- Recombinant antibody (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Reconstructed ion chromatograms (1)
- Reconstruction algorithms (1)
- Record luminescence quantum yield (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Recovery experiments (1)
- Redox reactions (1)
- Redox switch (1)
- Reduction of MoF6 (1)
- Reduction of volatile chlorides and fluorides by hydrogen (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference Materials (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Reference measurements (1)
- Reference product (1)
- Reference specimen (1)
- Reference spectra (1)
- References (1)
- Reflection spectroscopy (1)
- Refraction (1)
- Refracto-vibrometry (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Region of interest (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Relaxation times (1)
- Release (1)
- Reliability assessment (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Renal disease (1)
- Renewable Energy (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Replication (1)
- Replication crisis (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility crisis (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research Software (1)
- Research agenda (1)
- Residual Stress (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Resolution (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance wavelength shift (1)
- Resource-based-view (1)
- Reusable (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (1)
- Reverse paintings on glass (1)
- Reverse time migration (1)
- Reversible covalent hydrazine chemistry (RCHC) (1)
- Review (1)
- Revision of the SI (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Ring resonator (1)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Ringversuch (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- River (1)
- River water (1)
- River water sulfate (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robust nano objects (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rock wool (1)
- Rosamine (1)
- Roughness analysis (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- Round robin (1)
- Round robin exercise (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Ruthenium(II) complexes (1)
- SAFT (1)
- SANS (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBA-16 (1)
- SBP (1)
- SC-ICP-MS (1)
- SDHI-fungicide (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM/EDX (1)
- SI Traceability (1)
- SI-traceability (1)
- SIDA-LC-MS/MS (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SOM-SM (1)
- SPM (1)
- SPR (1)
- STXM (1)
- SVOC (1)
- SWIR photoluminescence (1)
- SWIR thermography (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safety characteristics (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salinomycin (1)
- Salt (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample holder (1)
- Sample treatment (1)
- Sample-sample bracketing (1)
- Sampling (1)
- Sampling techniques (1)
- Sandstone (1)
- Sandstones (1)
- Santa-marta (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Saturation (1)
- Scale anchor (1)
- Scale conversion (1)
- Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (1)
- Scattered radiation (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Schlieren Imaging (1)
- Scientific publication (1)
- Scintillator (1)
- Screed (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Seawater (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary alcohols (1)
- Secondary fluorescence correction (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Segmentations (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Seismic signal reconstruction (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (1)
- Selective laser melting (1)
- Selective oxidation (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Self-absorption (1)
- Self-absorption coefficient (1)
- Self-degrading (1)
- Self-healing (1)
- Self-lubricating coating (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Semi-transparent composite (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semitransparency (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Sensitizers (1)
- Sensor network (1)
- Sensors Placement (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separation (1)
- Sequence dependence (1)
- Sequencing (1)
- Sequencing algorithm (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Serra da cangalha (1)
- Sers (1)
- Serum (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage treatment plant (1)
- Shaker (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape-controlled nanoparticles (1)
- Shape-engineered (1)
- Shear load (1)
- Shrinkage (1)
- SiGe (1)
- SiO2 Nanoparticle (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Signal Features (1)
- Signal features (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silica diagenesis (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Silicon chlorides (1)
- Silicon halides (1)
- Silicon tetrafluoride (1)
- Silver (1)
- Simvastatine (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single cell-ICP-MS (1)
- Single crystal (1)
- Single particle spectroscopy (1)
- Single-cell analysis (1)
- Single-sided NMR (1)
- Single-source precursors (1)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (1)
- Singlet oxygen (1)
- Singular stress (1)
- Singulettsauerstoff (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Skeletal classification (1)
- Skin tissue spectroscopy (1)
- Slags (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Smart Sensors (1)
- Smart manufacturing (1)
- Smart sensors (1)
- Smart test laboratories (1)
- Smartphone readout device (1)
- Society of hair testing (1)
- Socio-ecological models (1)
- Soda-lime glass (1)
- Soft X-ray (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software Infrastructure (1)
- Software Licensing (1)
- Software Training (1)
- Soil available boron (1)
- Soils (1)
- Sol-gel (1)
- Sol-gel processes (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar Cell (1)
- Solar cell (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Solid (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-binding Peptides (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (1)
- Solid-state fluorescence (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Sonic crystal (1)
- Sonic stress wave (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- Sorghum (1)
- Sorption isotherm (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometry (1)
- Spatial analyses (1)
- Special issue (1)
- Special issue, young analytical scientists (1)
- Speciation analysis (1)
- Species-unspecific on-line isotope dilution (1)
- Specific Adsorption of N-2 and Kr (1)
- Specific probe (1)
- Specific surface area (1)
- Specimen (1)
- Spectoscopic imaging (1)
- Spectral enhancement (1)
- Spectral overlap (1)
- Spectrometer (1)
- Spectrometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Speroid (1)
- Spheroid (1)
- Spike protein (1)
- Spinel (1)
- Splitting (1)
- Spontaneous emulsification (1)
- Spot-welded joints (1)
- Sputtering (1)
- Sr and Nd isotope analysis (1)
- Sr isotope analysis (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stable isotopes (1)
- Stakeholders (1)
- Standard atomic weight (1)
- Standardization research (1)
- Stannosilicates (1)
- Static Mixing (1)
- Static headspace (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Steel (1)
- Steel fiber reinforced concrete (1)
- Steel fiber reiniforced concrete (1)
- Stereoscopy (1)
- Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Stochastic modeling (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strain hardening (1)
- Strain identification (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Stranski–Krastanow growth (1)
- Stratagem (1)
- Strength (1)
- Streptavidin binding (1)
- Stress intensity factors (1)
- Stress relief cracking (1)
- Stress strain relations (1)
- Stress-strain behaviour (1)
- Strontium isotope (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structural anomalies (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural inhomogenities (1)
- Structural science (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure analysis (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Structured heating (1)
- Structured light scanning (SLS) (1)
- Structures under extreme conditions (1)
- Struvite (1)
- Submerged arc welding (1)
- Subsurface defects (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfur isotopes (1)
- Sulphur isotope (1)
- Sum Parameter (1)
- Sum Parameter Method (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter method (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Super Resolution (1)
- Super martensitic stainless steel (1)
- Super resolution (SR) (1)
- Super-resolution imaging (1)
- Supplementary cementitous materials (1)
- Supplementary comparison (1)
- Supported catalyst (1)
- Surface Activation (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface area (1)
- Surface charge (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface cracks (1)
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surface group analysis (1)
- Surface ligand (1)
- Surface migration barriers (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Surface molecular patterning (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface relaxivities (1)
- Surface relaxivity (1)
- Surface roughness analysis (1)
- Surface species (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1)
- Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Surrogate citations (1)
- Survey (1)
- Suspended organic matter (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Suspension growth (1)
- Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Sustainable Food Safety (1)
- Sustainable Production (1)
- Sustainable Software Development (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Suzuki coupling (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swirl (1)
- Switch (1)
- Symbolic computation (1)
- Synchroton x-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron FTIR (1)
- Synchrotron Radiation (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray refraction (1)
- Synchrotron XPS (1)
- Synthetic organic pigments (1)
- System method (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- TD-GC-MS (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- TIG welding (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TRIS (1)
- TRISO (1)
- TTA-UC (1)
- TTBP-TAZ (1)
- TXRF (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Tafel Plot (1)
- Talbot-Lau interferometer (1)
- Tandem-MS (1)
- Tanks (1)
- Tantalum oxyfluorides (1)
- Target (1)
- Targeted mass spectrometry (1)
- Tattoo inks (1)
- Tau (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Telomere (1)
- Temperature-dependent neutron transmission (1)
- Tensile load (1)
- Terephthalic acid (1)
- Termites (1)
- Ternary quantum dots (1)
- Terrorism (1)
- Tesserae (1)
- Test material (1)
- Test strips (1)
- Testumgebung (1)
- Tetracene (1)
- Tetracyclin (1)
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (1)
- Thawing (1)
- The MOUSE (1)
- Theranostics (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal conductivity device (1)
- Thermal coupling energy level (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal desorption analysis (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Thermal testing (1)
- Thermally coupled levels (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermo-mechanical loading (1)
- Thermoacoustic emitter (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermodynamic (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermography Computed (1)
- Thermoplastic (1)
- Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) coatings (1)
- Thickness measurement (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thickness resonance (1)
- Thin film analysis (1)
- Thin film characterization (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thin tissue sections (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Three-dimensional measurement (1)
- Thumor therapy (1)
- Tilting (1)
- Timber structure (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Time-gated emission (1)
- Time-lapse X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Time-of-flight measurements (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Tire Wear (1)
- Tire particles (1)
- Tissue soldering (1)
- Titania (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium dioxide (1)
- Titanium hydride (1)
- Tomography of wood samples (1)
- Topas (1)
- TopasMC (1)
- Topical collection: Analytical Methods and Applications in the Materials and Life Sciences (1)
- Topotactic phase transitions (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Total Quality Management (1)
- Total cyanide (1)
- Total element content (1)
- Total element determination (1)
- Total transmittance reflectance (1)
- Toxic elements (1)
- Toxic metals (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxicity testing (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Toys (1)
- Trace Analysis (1)
- Trace humdity measurement (1)
- Transducers (1)
- Transesterification (1)
- Transferrin (1)
- Transformation pathways (1)
- Transformationsprodukte (1)
- Transient absorbtion spectroscopy (1)
- Transient signal (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Trends in extreme events (1)
- Triazine (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Triggered (1)
- Triple UNet (1)
- Triply periodic minimal surface structures (1)
- Triply periodic minimal surfaces (1)
- Trojan silver artefacts (1)
- Truffle (1)
- Truffle Aroma (1)
- Trust (1)
- Tryptic digest (1)
- Tryptophan (1)
- Tuber melanosporum (1)
- Tungsten (1)
- Twin-screw extrusion (TSE) (1)
- Twinning (1)
- Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) (1)
- Two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Two-phase system (1)
- Type-I pyrethroids (1)
- UHPLC-MS/MS (1)
- UPLC (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UV Bestrahlung (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- UV/VIS spectroscopy (1)
- UV/vis spectroscopy (1)
- UV–Vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultra sound (1)
- Ultra thin polymer films (1)
- Ultra-high performance concrete (1)
- Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) (1)
- Ultrasensitive (1)
- Ultrasonic (1)
- Ultrasonic Guided Waves (1)
- Ultrasonic Levitation (1)
- Ultrasonic Nebulization (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Ultrasonic acoustic resonator (1)
- Ultrasonic echo (1)
- Ultrasonic levitation (1)
- Ultrasonic probe (1)
- Ultrasonic tomography (1)
- Ultrasonic transducer (1)
- Ultrasonic transducers (1)
- Ultrasonics (1)
- Uncertainty estimation (1)
- Upconversion luminescence (1)
- Upconverting nanoparticles (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Urban (1)
- Urine (1)
- VCSEL array (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VO (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- Vacuum ionization (1)
- Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (1)
- Validation studies (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vanadium oxide catalysts (1)
- Vanadium redox flow battery (1)
- Vanadium speciation (1)
- Variable excitation (1)
- Variational Calculation (1)
- Vegetable edible oil (1)
- Veterinary drugs (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- Virtual CT (1)
- Virtual wave (1)
- Virtual wave concept (1)
- Virtual waves (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Virus (1)
- Virus detection (1)
- Virus diagnostics (1)
- Visible light (1)
- Visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Visual inspection (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volatile marker (1)
- Volatile organic compounds; (1)
- Volatiles (1)
- Volumetric uptake (1)
- Vorticity noise (1)
- Voxel size (1)
- WAXS (1)
- WWTP (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wastewater treatment (1)
- Water adsorption (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water permeability (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Water transport (1)
- Wavelet transformation (1)
- Web mining (1)
- White light interference microscopy (1)
- Whole water samples (1)
- Wide angle reflection and refraction (1)
- Wide-Angle Soft X‑ray Scattering (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Wind energy (1)
- Wind turbine (1)
- Wire are additive manufacturing (1)
- Wood materials (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- Work function (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray Refraction (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray DIFFRACTION (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray caustics (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (XCT) (1)
- X-ray dark-field radiography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (1)
- X-ray fluorescence imaging (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray micro-computed tomography (1)
- X-ray microtomography (1)
- X-ray optics (1)
- X-ray production efficiency (1)
- X-ray reflectivity (1)
- X-ray spectrometer (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XAFS (1)
- XCT Data Conditioning (1)
- XRCD method (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- Xerogel (1)
- Yb(III) (1)
- Yerba mate tea (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Ytterbium (1)
- Yttrium silicates (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zebrafisch (1)
- Zenodo (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (1)
- Zero Massflow Liner (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zeta potential (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc analysis (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zirconia (1)
- Zn (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- Zyklisierung (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- aRTist (1)
- abasic side (1)
- analytical service (1)
- base loss (1)
- battery aging mechanism (1)
- bell pepper (1)
- boron (1)
- calibration (1)
- composites (1)
- confocal (1)
- current collector corrosion (1)
- dXCT (1)
- delta value (1)
- depth profiles (1)
- dipolar polarization (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- i-TRIBOMAT (1)
- i.S.Sy.Da.T.A. (1)
- ion optics (1)
- isotope fractionation (1)
- lN2 (1)
- lank characterization (1)
- layered system (1)
- magnetic nanocatalysts (1)
- materials informatics (1)
- measurement uncertainty (1)
- metabolism (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- nm films (1)
- openBIS (1)
- p-Aminothiophenol (1)
- p-Nitrothiophenol (1)
- p-aminothiophenol (1)
- p-nitrothiophenol (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pL-droplets (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- permittivity (1)
- ph (1)
- silicon (1)
- soil (1)
- spICP-MS (1)
- space charge polarization (1)
- species-specific isotope information (1)
- subgrain structure (1)
- tandard addition (1)
- temperature (1)
- thin film analysis (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- wrapping (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (1)
- Δμ XANES (1)
- β-lactam (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (490)
- 6 Materialchemie (393)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (242)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (170)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (137)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (117)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (103)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (77)
- 8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen (70)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (66)
Paper des Monats
- ja (26)
Peptide pools consist of short amino acid sequences and have proven to be versatile tools in various research areas in immunology and clinical applications. They are commercially available in many different compositions and variants. However, unlike other reagents that consist of only one or a few compounds, peptide pools are highly complex products which makes their quality control a major challenge. Quantitative peptide analysis usually requires sophisticated methods, in most cases isotope-labeled standards and reference materials. Usually, this would be prohibitively laborious and expensive. Therefore, an approach is needed to provide a practical and feasible method for quality control of peptide pools. With insufficient quality control, the use of such products could lead to incorrect experimental results, worsening the well-known reproducibility crisis in the biomedical sciences. Here we propose the use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with two detectors, a standard UV detector at 214 nm for quantitative analysis and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) for identity confirmation. To be cost-efficient and fast, quantification and identification are performed in one chromatographic run. An optimized protocol is shown, and different peak integration methods are compared and discussed. This work was performed using a peptide pool known as CEF advanced, which consists of 32 peptides derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and influenza virus, ranging from 8 to 12 amino acids in length.
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DCF) is an important environmental contaminant occurring in surface waters all over the world, because, after excretion, it is not adequately removed from wastewater in sewage treatment plants. To be able to monitor this pollutant, highly efficient analytical methods are needed, including immunoassays. In a medical research project, monoclonal antibodies against diclofenac and its metabolites had been produced. Based on this monoclonal anti-DCF antibody, a new indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for environmental samples. The introduction of a spacer between diclofenac and the carrier protein in the coating conjugate led to higher sensitivity. With a test midpoint of 3 mg L−1 and a measurement range of 1–30 mg L−1, the system is not sensitive enough for direct analysis of surface water. However, this assay is quite robust against matrix influences and can be used for wastewater. Without adjustment of the calibration, organic solvents up to 5%, natural organic matter (NOM) up to 10 mg L−1, humic acids up to 2.5 mg L−1, and salt concentrations up to 6 g L−1 NaCl and 75 mg L−1 CaCl2 are tolerated. The antibody is also stable in a pH range from 3 to 12. Cross-reactivity (CR) of 1% or less was determined for the metabolites 40-hydroxydiclofenac (40-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxydiclofenac (5-OH-DCF), DCF lactam, and other NSAIDs. Relevant cross-reactivity occurred only with an amide derivative of DCF, 6-aminohexanoic acid (DCF-Ahx), aceclofenac (ACF) and DCF methyl ester (DCF-Me) with 150%, 61% and 44%, respectively. These substances, however, have not been found in samples. Only DCF-acyl glucuronide with a cross-reactivity of 57% is of some relevance. For the first time, photodegradation products were tested for cross-reactivity. With the ELISA based on this antibody, water samples were analysed. In sewage treatment plant effluents, concentrations in the range of 1.9–5.2 mg L−1 were determined directly, with recoveries compared to HPLC-MS/MS averaging 136%.
Concentrations in lakes ranged from 3 to 4.4 ng L−1 and were, after pre-concentration, determined with an average recovery of 100%
Luminophore stained micro- and nanobeads made from organic polymers like polystyrene (PS) are broadly used in the life and material sciences as luminescent reporters, for bead-based assays, sensor arrays, printable barcodes, security inks, and the calibration of fluorescence microscopes and flow cytometers. Initially mostly prepared with organic dyes, meanwhile luminescent core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) like spherical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are increasingly employed for bead encoding. This is related to their narrower emission spectra, tuneability of emission color, broad wavelength excitability, and better photostability. However, correlations between particle architecture, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) of the luminescent nanocrystals used for encoding and the optical properties of the NP-stained beads have been rarely explored. This encouraged us to perform a screening study on the incorporation of different types of luminescent core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals into polymer microparticles (PMPs) by a radical-induced polymerization reaction. Nanocrystals explored include CdSe/CdS QDs of varying CdS shell thickness, a CdSe/ZnS core/shell QD, CdSe/CdS quantum rods (QRs), and CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs).
Thereby, we focused on the applicability of these NPs for the polymerization synthesis approach used and quantified the preservation of the initial NP luminescence. The spectroscopic characterization of the resulting PMPs revealed the successful staining of the PMPs with luminescent CdSe/CdS QDs and CdSe/CdS NPLs. In contrast, usage of CdSe/CdS QRs and CdSe QDs with a ZnS shell did not yield luminescent PMPs. The results of this study provide new insights into structure–property relationships between NP stained PMPs and the initial luminescent NPs applied for staining and underline the importance of such studies for the performance optimization of NP-stained beads.
Fluorescent labels have strongly contributed to many advancements in bioanalysis, molecular biology, molecular imaging, and medical diagnostics. Despite a large toolbox of molecular and nanoscale fluorophores to choose from, there is still a need for brighter labels, e.g., for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, that are preferably of molecular nature. This requires versatile concepts for fluorophore multimerization, which involves the shielding of dyes from other chromophores and possible quenchers in their neighborhood. In addition, to increase the number of readout parameters for fluorescence microscopy and eventually also flow cytometry, control and tuning of the labels’ fluorescence lifetimes is desired. Searching for bright multi-chromophoric or multimeric labels, we developed PEGylated dyes bearing functional groups for their bioconjugation and explored their spectroscopic properties and photostability in comparison to those of the respective monomeric dyes for two exemplarily chosen fluorophores excitable at 488 nm. Subsequently, these dyes were conjugated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 immunoglobulins to obtain fluorescent conjugates suitable for the labeling of cells and beads. Finally, the suitability of these novel labels for fluorescence lifetime imaging and target discrimination based upon lifetime measurements was assessed. Based upon the results of our spectroscopic studies including measurements of fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and fluorescence decay kinetics we could demonstrate the absence of significant dye-dye interactions and self-quenching in these multimeric labels. Moreover, in a first fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) study, we could show the future potential of this multimerization concept for lifetime discrimination and multiplexing.
Self-healing polymers have been developed to improve durability and reduce costs associated with maintenance during service. The addition of thermoplastics to thermosets to produce mendable polymers appears as a promising selfhealing technique. In this study, poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added to epoxy resin and the effects of EMAA addition on epoxy properties were evaluated. Specimens with two different contents of thermoplastic and particles sizes were manufactured. A two-level full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of particle size and particle content on properties of epoxy modified with addition of EMAA. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used and the evaluated responses were tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and glass transition temperature (Tg). X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was used to investigate particle size and concentration after manufacturing. It was found that the particle concentration has greater effects on stress–strain behavior of epoxy while Tg was not significantly affected by neither of the analyzed entrance variables.
A systematic series of industrial-relevant polystyrene-based anion exchange resins that are functionalized with hydro- or fluorocarbon chains are compared regarding their adsorption behavior toward perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) in respect to their charge, chain length, and type of chain. The results clearly show the dominance of electrostatic interactions in the adsorption process as uncharged adsorber materials showed no adsorption at all. In contrast, the charged adsorber materials showed in general a PFCA removal of 80% to 30% over the experiment depending on effluent fraction.
Unexpectedly, for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) the highest removal rate is found with consistently >90%. Despite observing significant benefits in the adsorption of PFCA for fluoroalkylated adsorbers in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, this effect of fluoroalkylation is comparatively small and can not be clearly attributed to fluorophilic interactions between the fluoroalkyl chains. These findings help clarifying that the introduction of fluorocarbon moieties in adsorber materials is not necessary in order to remove fluorocarbon molecules from the environment.
Changes in Black Truffle (Tuber melanosporum) Aroma during Storage under Different Conditions
(2024)
The enticing aroma of truffles is a key factor for their culinary value. Although all truffle species tend to be pricy, the most intensely aromatic species are the most sought after. Research into the aroma of truffles encompasses various disciplines including chemistry, biology, and sensory science. This study focusses on the chemical composition of the aroma of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum) and the changes occurring under different storage conditions. For this, truffle samples were stored under different treatments, at different temperatures, and measured over a total storage time of 12 days. Measurements of the truffle aroma profiles were taken with SPME/GC–MS at regular intervals. To handle the ample data collected, a systematic approach utilizing multivariate data analysis techniques was taken. This approach led to a vast amount of data which we made publicly available for future exploration. Results reveal the complexity of aroma changes, with 695 compounds identified, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding. Principal component analyses offer initial insights into truffle composition, while individual compounds may serve as markers for age (formic acid, 1-methylpropyl ester), freshness (2-Methyl-1-propanal; 1-(methylthio)-propane), freezing (tetrahydrofuran), salt treatment (1-chloropentane), or heat exposure (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone). This research suggests that heat treatment or salt contact significantly affects truffle aroma, while freezing and cutting have less pronounced effects in comparison. The enrichment of compounds showing significant changes during storage was investigated with a metabolomic pathway analysis. The involvement of some of the enriched compounds on the pyruvate/glycolysis and sulfur pathways was shown.
Amphiphilic nanogels (ANGs) are promising carriers for hydrophobic cargos such as drugs, dyes, and catalysts.
Loading content and release kinetics of these compounds are controlled by type and number of hydrophobic groups in the amphiphilic copolymer network. Thus, understanding the interactions between cargo and colloidal carrier is mandatory for a tailor-made and cargo-specific ANG design. To systematically explore the influence of the network composition on these interactions, we prepared a set of ANGs of different amphiphilicity and loaded these ANGs with varying concentrations of the solvatochromic dye Nile Red (NR). Here, NR acts as a hydrophobic model cargo to optically probe the polarity of its microenvironment. Analysis of the NR emission spectra as well as measurements of the fluorescence quantum yields and decay kinetics revealed a decrease in the polarity of the NR microenvironment with increasing hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic groups in the ANG network and dye–dye interactions at higher loading concentrations. At low NR concentrations, the hydrophobic cargo NR is encapsulated in the hydrophobic domains. Increasing NR concentrations resulted in probe molecules located in a more hydrophilic environment, i.e., at the nanodomain border, and favored dye–dye interactions and NR aggregation.
These results correlate well with release experiments, indicating first NR release from more hydrophilic network locations. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance to understand carrier–drug interactions for efficient loading and controlled release profiles in amphiphilic nanogels.
On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (HPLC-GC-FID) was used to compare the effect of hydrogen, helium and nitrogen as carrier gases on the chromatographic characteristics for the quantification of mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) traces in food related matrices. After optimisation of chromatographic parameters nitrogen carrier gas exhibited characteristics equivalent to hydrogen and helium regarding requirements set by current guidelines and standardisation such as linear range, quantification limit and carry over. Though nitrogen expectedly led to greater peak widths, all required separations of standard compounds were sufficient and humps of saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOAH) were appropriate to enable quantitation similar to situations where hydrogen or helium had been used. Slightly increased peak widths of individual hump components did not affect shapes and widths of the MOSH and MOAH humps were not significantly affected by the use of nitrogen as carrier gas. Notably, nitrogen carrier gas led to less solvent peak tailing and smaller baseline offset. Overall, nitrogen may be regarded as viable alternative to hydrogen or helium and may even extend the range of quantifiable compounds to highly volatile hydrocarbon eluting directly after the solvent peak.
Scattering luminescent materials dispersed in liquid and solid matrices and luminescent powders are increasingly relevant for fundamental research and industry. Examples are luminescent nano- and microparticles and phosphors of different compositions in various matrices or incorporated into ceramics with applications in energy conversion, solid-state lighting, medical diagnostics, and security barcoding. The key parameter to characterize the performance of these materials is the photoluminescence/fluorescence quantum yield (Φf), i.e., the number of emitted photons per number of absorbed photons. To identify and quantify the sources of uncertainty of absolute measurements of Φf of scattering samples, the first interlaboratory comparison (ILC) of three laboratories from academia and industry was performed by following identical measurement protocols. Thereby, two types ofcommercial stand-alone integrating sphere setups with different illumination and detection geometries were utilized for measuring the Φf of transparent and scattering dye solutions and solid phosphors, namely, YAG:Ce optoceramics of varying surface roughness, used as converter materials for blue light emitting diodes. Special emphasis was dedicated to the influence of the measurement geometry, the optical properties of the blank utilized to determine the number of photons of the incident excitation light absorbed by the sample, and the sample-specific surface roughness. While the Φf values of the liquid samples matched between instruments, Φf measurements of the optoceramics with different blanks revealed substantial differences. The ILC results underline the importance of the measurement geometry, sample position, and blank for reliable Φf data of scattering the YAG:Ce optoceramics, with the blank’s optical properties accounting for uncertainties exceeding 20%.
The ability to controllably move gaseous ions is an essential aspect of ion-based spectrometry (e.g., mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry) as well as materials processing. At higher pressures, ion motion is largely governed by diffusion and multiple collisions with neutral gas molecules. Thus, high-pressure ion optics based on electrostatics require large fields, radio frequency drives, complicated geometries, and/or partially transmissive grids that become contaminated. Here, we demonstrate that low-power standing acoustic waves can be used to guide, block, focus, and separate beams of ions akin to electrostatic ion optics. Ions preferentially travel through the static-pressure regions (“nodes”) while neutral gas does not appear to be impacted by the acoustic field structure and continues along a straight trajectory. This acoustic ion manipulation (AIM) approach has broad implications for ion manipulation techniques at high pressure, while expanding our fundamental understanding of the behavior of ions in gases.
Ergot alkaloids (EAs) formed by Claviceps fungi are one of the most common food contaminants worldwide, affecting cereals such as rye, wheat, and barley. To accurately determine the level of contamination and to monitor EAs maximum levels set by the European Union, the six most common EAs (so-called priority EAs) and their corresponding epimers are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The quantification of EAs in complex food matrices without appropriate internal tandards is challenging but currently carried out in the standard method EN 7425:2021 due to their commercial unavailability. To address the need for isotopically labeled EAs, we focus on two semi-synthetic approaches for the synthesis of these reference standards. Therefore, we investigate the feasibility of the N6-demethylation of native ergotamine to yield norergotamine, which can subsequently be remethylated with an isotopically labeled methylating reagent, such as iodomethane (13CD3-I), to yield isotopically labeled ergotamine and its C8-epimer ergotaminine. Testing the isotopically labeled ergotamine/-inine against native ergotamine/-inine with HPLC coupled to high-resolution HR-MS/MS proved the structure of ergotamine-13CD3 and ergotaminine-13CD3. Thus, for the first time, we can describe their synthesis from unlabeled, native ergotamine. Furthermore, this approach is promising as a universal way to synthesize other isotopically labeled EAs.
The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks? The storage of cryogenic fuels requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the fluid cold and limit the formation of boil-off gas. TSI has proven itself in some applications since the middle of the 20th century, but in the land transport sector they are still quite new, where accidents involving fires, collisions, and their combination are to be expected. This work focuses on investigating the behavior of different types of TSI while exposed to a heat source representing a fire. To this aim, a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was applied, which allows the thermal loading of a thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow transported through the TSI in parallel. In this study, the results of 6 samples are presented regarding 3 types of MLI, rock wool, perlites, and microspheres. The thermal exposure caused different effects on the samples. In practice, this can be connected to the rapid release of flammable gases as well as to a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). These results are relevant for reducing the risks to people and infrastructures in the progressive establishment of tanks for cryogenic fluids in our industry and society. The data presented in the study can be used to improve the design of tanks and TSIs, the assessment of accident scenarios, and the development of measures for first responders.
The use of ashes from municipal solid waste incineration as secondary building materials is an important pillar for the circular economy in Germany. However, leaching of potential toxic elements from these materials must be at environmentally acceptable levels. Normally, a three-month ageing period immobilizes most hazardous heavy metals, but antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) showed previously unusual leaching. In order to clarify the mechanisms, we analyzed the Sb and V species in various bottom and fly ashes from municipal waste incineration by XANES spectroscopy. Antimony oxidizes from Sb(+ III) species used as flame retardants in plastics to Sb(+ V) compounds during waste incineration. However, owing to the similarity of different Sb(+ V) compound in the Sb K- and L-edge XANES spectra, it was not possible to accurately identify an exact Sb(+ V) species. Moreover, V is mainly present as oxidation state + V compound in the analyzed ashes. However, the coarse and magnetic fraction of the bottom ashes contain larger amounts of V(+ III) and V(+ IV) compounds which might enter the waste incineration from vanadium carbide containing steel tools. Thus, Sb and V could be critical potential toxic elements in secondary building materials and long-term monitoring of the release should be taken into account in the future.
Soil certified reference material (CRM), UME EnvCRM 03 was produced by a collaborative approach among national metrology institutes, designated institutes and university research laboratories within the scope of the EMPIR project: Matrix Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis. This paper presents the sampling and processing methodology, homogeneity, stability, characterization campaign, the assignment of property values and their associated uncertainties in compliance with ISO 17034:2016. The material processing methodology involves blending a natural soil sample with a contaminated soil sample obtained by spiking elemental solutions for 8 elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) to reach the level of warning risk monitoring values specified for metals and metalloids of soils in Europe. Comparative homogeneity and stability test data were obtained by two different institutes, ensuring the reliability and back up of the data. The certified values and associated expanded uncertainties for the total mass fractions of thirteen elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn) are established. The developed CRM can be used for the development and validation of measurement procedures for the determination of the total mass fractions of elements in soil and also for quality control/assurance purposes. The developed CRM is the first example of a soil material originating from Türkiye.
Multilayer Insulation (MLI) is frequently used in vacuum conditions for the thermal insulation of cryogenic storage tanks. The severe consequences of the degradation of such materials in engulfing fire scenarios were recently evidenced by several large-scale experimental tests. In the present study, an innovative modelling approach was developed to assess the performance of heat transfer in polyester-based MLI materials for cryogenic applications under fire conditions. A specific layer-by-layer approach was integrated with an apparent kinetic thermal degradation model based on thermogravimetric analysis results. The modeling results provided a realistic simulation of the experimental data obtained by High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber tests reproducing fire exposure conditions. The model was then applied to assess the behavior of MLI systems for liquid hydrogen tanks in realistic fire scenarios. The results show that in intense fire scenarios degradation occurs rapidly, compromising the thermal insulation performances of the system within a few minutes.
In this work, the electrochemical behavior of 4-phenylurazole (Ph-Ur) was studied and the latter was used as a molecular anchor for the electrochemical bioconjugation of tyrosine (Y). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential coulometry (CPC) allowed the in-situ generation of the PTAD (4-phenyl-3 H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4 H)-dione) species from phenylurazole on demand for tyrosine electrolabeling. The chemoselectivity of the reaction was studied with another amino acid (lysine, Lys) and no changes in Lys were observed. To evaluate the performance of tyrosine electrolabeling, coulometric analyses at controlled potentials were performed on solutions of phenylurazole and the phenylurazole-tyrosine mixture in different proportions (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2). The electrolysis of the phenylurazole-tyrosine mixture in the ratio (1:2) produced a charge of 2.07 C, very close to the theoretical value (1.93 C), with high reaction kinetics, a result obtained here for the first time. The products obtained were identified and characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS and LC- HRMS2). Two products were formed from the click reactions, one of which was the majority. Another part of this work was to study the electrochemical degradation of the molecular anchor 4-phenylazole (Ph-Ur). Four stable degradation products of phenylurazole were identified (C7H9N2O, C6H8N, C6H8NO, C14H13N4O2) based on chromatographic profiles and mass spectrometry results. The charge generated during the electrolysis of phenylurazole (two-electron process) (2.85 C) is inconsistent with the theoretical or calculated charge (1.93 C), indicating that secondary/parasitic reactions occurred during the electrolysis of the latter. In conclusion, the electrochemically promoted click phenylurazole-tyrosine reactions give rise to click products with high reaction kinetics and yields in the (1:2) phenylurazole-tyrosine ratios, and the presence of side reactions is likely to affect the yield of the click phenylurazole-tyrosine reaction.
In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of nitrogen microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) for Ca, Fe, and Se quantification in human serum using isotope dilution (ID) analysis. The matrix tolerance of MICAP-MS in Na matrix was investigated, uncovering that high Na levels can suppress the signal intensity. This suppression is likely due to the plasma loading and the space charge effect. Moreover, 40Ca and 44Ca isotopic fractionation was noted at elevated Na concentration. Nine certified serum samples were analyzed using both external calibration and ID analysis. Overestimation of Cr, Zn, As, and Se was found in the results of external calibration, which might be resulted from C-induced polyatomic interference and signal enhancement, respectively. Further investigations performed with methanol showed a similar enhancement effect for Zn, As, and Se, potentially supporting this assumption. The mass concentrations determined with ID analysis show metrological compatibility with the reference values, indicating that MICAP-MS combined with ID analysis can be a promising method for precise Ca, Fe, and Se determination. Moreover, this combination reduces the influences of matrix effects, broadening the applicability of MICAP-MS for samples with complex matrix.
This technical note highlights the fact that CF-LIBS algorithms work in mole fractions, while results of spectrochemical analysis are usually reported in mass fractions or mass percent. Ignoring this difference and not converting mole fractions to mass fractions can lead to errors in reported concentrations determined by the CF-LIBS method and inadequate comparison of these concentrations with certified concentrations. Here, the key points of the CF-LIBS algorithm are reproduced and the formulae for converting a mole fraction to a mass fraction and vice versa are given. Several numerical examples are also given, which show that the greater the difference between the molar mass of an individual element in a sample and the average molar mass, the greater the discrepancy between the mole and mass fractions.
Solvent-free sample preparation offers some advantages over solvent-based techniques, such as improved accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity, for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis. However, little or no information is available on the application of solvent-free techniques for the MALDI analysis of polymer blends. Solvent-free sample preparation by ball milling was applied with varying sample-to-matrix ratios for MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of various polymers, including polystyrenes, poly(methyl methacrylate)s and poly(ethylene glycol)s. The peak intensity ratios were compared with those obtained after using the conventional dried droplet sample preparation method. In addition, solvent-assisted milling was also applied to improve sample homogeneities.
Depending on the sample preparation method used, different peak intensity ratios were found, showing varying degrees of suppression of the signal intensities of higher mass polymers. Ball milling for up to 30 min was required to achieve constant intensity ratios indicating homogeneous mixtures. The use of wet-assisted grinding to improve the homogeneity of the blends was found to be disadvantageous as it caused partial degradation and mass-dependent segregation of the polymers in the vials.The results clearly show that solvent-free sample preparation must be carefully considered when applied to synthetic polymer blends, as it may cause additional problems with regard to homogeneity and stability of the blends.
In situ chemical analysis of duplex stainless steel weld by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
(2024)
The high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel (DSS) are due to its special chemical composition, which is a balanced phase ratio of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ). Many industrial applications require the integration of DSS components. For this, Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is an excellent choice, as it allows an automated operation with high reproducibility. However, when the weld pool solidifies, critical ratios of α- and γ- phases can occur, which lead to solidification cracking, increased susceptibility to corrosion, and a decrease in ductility and critical strength. Previous studies have shown that these defects can be caused by the accumulation of manganese and chromium in the heat affected zone (HAZ), requiring ongoing monitoring of this accumulation. A suitable method for such monitoring is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which can be used in two operating modes: calibration using standard reference samples and calibration-free. Unlike conventional quantitative LIBS measurements, which require reference samples to generate a calibration curve, calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) allows chemical compositions to be determined solely from the emission spectrum of the plasma. Numerous publications show that CF-LIBS is a fast and efficient analytical method for the quantitative analysis of metal samples. In this work, CF-LIBS is applied to spectra obtained during GTAW DSS welding and the result is compared with those obtained by PLS analysis. A good correlation was found between both types of analysis, demonstrating the suitability of the CF-LIBS method for this application. The CF-LIBS method has a significant advantage over conventional LIBS due to the rapid in situ measurement of concentrations of major alloying elements without calibration procedure. This, combined with fast feedback and appropriate adjustment of welding parameters, helps prevent welding defects.
Heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays are widely used for biomarker detection in bioanalysis and medical diagnostics. The high analyte sensitivity of the current “gold standard” enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) originates from the signal-generating enzymatic amplification step, yielding a high number of optically detectable reporter molecules. For future point-of-care testing (POCT) and point-of-need applications, there is an increasing interest in more simple detection strategies that circumvent time-consuming and temperature-dependent enzymatic reactions. A common concept to aim for detection limits comparable to those of enzymatic amplification reactions is the usage of polymer nanoparticles (NP) stained with a large number of chromophores. We explored different simple NP-based signal amplification strategies for heterogeneous sandwich immunoassays
that rely on an extraction-triggered release step of different types of optically detectable reporters. Therefore, streptavidinfunctionalized polystyrene particles (PSP) are utilized as carriers for (i) the fluorescent dye coumarin 153 (C153) and (ii) hemin (hem) molecules catalyzing the luminol reaction enabling chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Additionally, (iii) NP labeling with hemin-based microperoxidase MP11 was assessed. For each amplification approach, the PSP was first systematically optimized regarding size, loading concentration, and surface chemistry. Then, for an immunoassay for the inflammation marker C- eactive protein (CRP), the analyte sensitivity achievable with optimized PSP
ystems was compared with the established ELISA concept for photometric and CL detection. Careful optimization led to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL for MP11-labeled PSP and CL detection, performing similarly well to a photometric ELISA (0.13 ng/mL), which demonstrates the huge potential of our novel assay concept.
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Aleksey I. Ekimov (prize share 1/3), Louis E. Brus (prize share 1/3), and Moungi G. Bawendi (prize share 1/3) for groundbreaking inventions in the field of nanotechnology, i.e., for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, also termed quantum dots, that exhibit size-dependent physicochemical properties enabled by quantum size effects. This feature article summarizes the main milestones of the discoveries and developments of quantum dots that paved the road to their versatile applications in solid-state lighting, display technology, energy conversion, medical diagnostics, bioimaging, and image-guided surgery.
The frequency-domain (FD) method provides an alternative to the commonly used time-domain (TD) approach in characterizing the luminescence kinetics of luminophores, with its own strengths, e.g., the capability to decouple multiple lifetime components with higher reliability and accuracy. While extensively explored for characterizing luminophores with down-shifted emission, this method has not been investigated for studying nonlinear luminescent materials such as lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), featuring more complicated kinetics. In this work, employing a simplified rate-equation model representing a standard two-photon energy-transfer upconversion process, we thoroughly analyzed the response of the luminescence of UCNPs in the FD method. We found that the FD method can potentially obtain from a single experiment the effective decay rates of three critical energy states of the sensitizer/activator ions involved in the upconversion process. The validity of the FD method is demonstrated by experimental data, agreeing reasonably well with the results obtained by TD methods.
Four donor-acceptor boron difluoride complexes based on the carbazole electron donor and the [1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinino[3,4-a][1,8]naphthyridine acceptor were designed, synthesized, and systematically spectroscopically investigated in solutions, in the solid states, and dye-doped polymer films. The dyes exhibit an intense blue to red solid-state emission with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 56% in pure dye samples and 86% in poly(methyl methacrylate) films. All boron complexes show aggregation-induced emission and reversible mechanofluorochromism. The optical properties of these dyes and their solid state luminescence can be tuned by substitution pattern, i.e., the substituents at the naphthyridine unit. Exchange of CH3- for CF3-groups does not only increase the intramolecular charge transfer character, but also provides a crystallization-induced emission enhancement.
A poly(L-lactide) with a trifluoroethyl ester end group and an average degree of polymerization (DP) of 50 was synthesized by ROP of L-lactide initiated with trifluoroethanol. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed an average crystal thickness of 13 nm, corresponding to 45 repeat units. This suggests that most crystallites were formed by extended PLA chains, and both flat surfaces were covered by CF3 groups. The crystalline PLAs were annealed at 140 or 160 °C in the presence of two catalysts: tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, (SnOct2) or dibutyltin bis(pentafluorophenoxide) (BuSnPhF). The chemical reactions, such as polycondensation and cyclization, proceeded in the solid state and were monitored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. Under optimal conditions a large fraction of linear chains was transformed into crystallites composed of extended cycles. Additionally, MALDI TOF MS analysis of GPC fractions from samples annealed for 28 or 42 days detected chain elongation of the linear species up to a factor of 20.
The development of new fluorescent organic probes effective in the NIR-II region is currently a fast-growing field and represents a challenge in the domain of medical imaging. In this study, we have designed and synthesized an innovative series of aza-boron dipyrromethenes emitting in the NIR-II region. We have investigated the effect of different water-solubilizing groups not only on the photophysical properties of the compounds but also on their in vitro and in vivo performance after bioconjugation to the antibody trastuzumab. Remarkably, we discovered that the most lipophilic compound unexpectedly displayed the most favorable in vivo properties after bioconjugation. This underlines the profound influence that the fluorophore functionalization approach can have on the efficiency of the resulting imaging agent.
The BAM Data Store
(2023)
As a partner in several NFDI consortia, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, German federal institute for materials science and testing) contributes to research data standardization efforts in various domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). To implement a central research data management (RDM) infrastructure that meets the requirements of MSE groups at BAM, we initiated the Data Store pilot project in 2021. The resulting infrastructure should enable researchers to digitally document research processes and store related data in a standardized and interoperable manner. As a software solution, we chose openBIS, an open-source framework that is increasingly being used for RDM in MSE communities.
The pilot project was conducted for one year with five research groups across different organizational units and MSE disciplines. The main results are presented for the use case “nanoPlattform”. The group registered experimental steps and linked associated instruments and chemicals in the Data Store to ensure full traceability of data related to the synthesis of ~400 nanomaterials. The system also supported researchers in implementing RDM practices in their workflows, e.g., by automating data import and documentation and by integrating infrastructure for data analysis.
Based on the promising results of the pilot phase, we will roll out the Data Store as the central RDM infrastructure of BAM starting in 2023. We further aim to develop openBIS plugins, metadata standards, and RDM workflows to contribute to the openBIS community and to foster RDM in MSE.
Plastic pollution is the biggest environmental concern of our time. Breakdown products like micro- and nanoplastics inevitably enter the food chain and pose unprecedented health risks. In this scenario, bio-based and biodegradable plastic alternatives have been given a momentum aiming to bridge a transition towards a more sustainable future. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one of the few thermoplastic polymers synthesized 100 % via biotechnological routes which fully biodegrade in common natural environments. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] is a PHA copolymer with great potential for the commodity polymers industry, as its mechanical properties can be tailored through fine-tuning of its molar HHx content. We have recently developed a strategy that enables for reliable tailoring of the monomer content of P(HB-co-HHx).
Nevertheless, there is often a lack of comprehensive investigation of the material properties of PHAs to evaluate whether they actually mimic the functionalities of conventional plastics. We present a detailed study of P(HB-co-HHx) copolymers with low to moderate hydroxyhexanoate content to understand how the HHx monomer content influences the thermal and mechanical properties and to link those to their abiotic degradation. By increasing the HHx fractions in the range of 2 – 14 mol%, we impart an extension of the processing window and application range as the melting temperature (Tm) and glass temperature (Tg) of the copolymers decrease from Tm 165 ◦C to 126 ◦C, Tg 4 ◦C to − 5.9 ◦C, accompanied by reduced crystallinity from 54 % to 20 %.
Elongation at break was increased from 5.7 % up to 703 % at 14 mol% HHx content, confirming that the range examined was sufficiently large to obtain ductile and brittle copolymers, while tensile strength was maintained throughout the studied range. Finally, accelerated abiotic degradation was shown to be slowed down with an increasing HHx fraction decreasing from 70 % to 55 % in 12 h.
As part of the development of a new standard testing procedure, a round robin study was conducted by six participating laboratories. This study involved the measurement of both the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise for hybrid mixtures comprising dust and vapor. Measurements were performed using a modified 20L-sphere. The primary objective of this collaborative effort was to assess the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of analytical and measurement methods across multiple laboratories, thereby increasing confidence in the obtained results. The method and protocol were developed as part of the NEX-HYS project and documented in a technical specification by the German Institute for Standardization Registered Association (DIN). The study revealed that precise pre-ignition pressure rise (PIPR) measurements and the use of a leak-free test apparatus significantly influenced the results of the measured maximum explosion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and sensitive tool for speciation analysis when combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); however, the performance of this technique can be limited by the nature of pneumatic nebulizers. This study compares two commercially available pneumatic nebulizers to a newly introduced vibrating capillary nebulizer (VCN) for on-line coupling of CE with ICP-MS. The VCN is a low-cost, non-pneumatic nebulizer that is based on the design of capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization. As a piezoelectrically driven nebulization source, the VCN creates an aerosol independent of gas flows and does not produce a low-pressure region at the nebulizer orifice.
To compare the systems, we performed replicate analyses of sulfate in river water with each nebulizer and the same CE and ICP-MS instruments and determined the figures of merit of each setup. With the CE-VCN-ICP-MS setup, we achieved around 2–4 times lower sensitivity compared to the commercial setups. However, the VCN-based setup provided lower noise levels and better linear correlation from the analysis of calibration standards, which resulted in indistinguishable LOD and LOQ values from the in-house-built VCN-based and commercial setups for CE-ICP-MS analysis. The VCN is found to have the highest baseline stability with a standard deviation of 3500 cts s−1, corresponding to an RSD of 2.7%. High reproducibility is found with the VCN with a peak area RSD of 4.1% between 3 replicate measurements.
We report an analytical methodology for the quantification of sulfur in biological molecules via a speciesunspecific postcolumn isotope dilution (online ID) approach using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled online with inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (online ID CE/ICP−MS).
The method was optimized using a mixture of standard compounds including sulfate, methionine, cysteine, cystine, and albumin, yielding compound recoveries between 98 and 105%. The quantity of sulfur is further converted to the quantity of the compounds owing to the prior knowledge of the sulfur content in the molecules. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of sulfur in the compounds were 1.3−2.6 and 4.1−8.4 mg L−1, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 within the concentration range of sulfur of 5−100 mg L−1. The capability of the method was extended to quantify albumin in its native matrix (i.e., in serum) using experimentally prepared serum spiked with a pure albumin standard for validation. The relative expanded uncertainty of the method for the quantification of albumin was 6.7% (k = 2). Finally, we tested the applicability of the method on real samples by the analysis of albumin in bovine and human sera. For automated data assessment, a software application (IsoCor) which was developed by us in a previous work was developed further for handling of online ID data. The method has several improvements compared to previously published setups: (i) reduced adsorption of proteins onto the capillary wall owing to a special capillary-coating procedure, (ii) baseline separation of the compounds in less than 30 min via CE, (iii) quantification of several sulfur species within one run by means of the online setup, (iv) SI traceability of the quantification results through online ID, and (v) facilitated data processing of the transient signals using the IsoCor application. Our method can be used as an accurate approach for quantification of proteins and other biological molecules via sulfur analysis in complex matrices for various fields, such as environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical studies as well as clinical diagnosis.
Sulfur is an essential element in living organisms, where it plays important roles in various biological processes, such as protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and antioxidant defense. However, the biological effects of different sulfur species can vary widely, and imbalances in sulfur speciation have been observed in a range of diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes.1−3 The accurate quantification of sulfur and its species in biological samples requires sensitive and selective analytical techniques. In recent years, separation techniques coupled online with inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (ICP−MS) have emerged as powerful online analytical tools complementary to molecular spectrometric methods for speciation analysis of biological compounds.
External calibration4−9 and isotope dilution (ID)10−15 are common calibration approaches applied for online quantification of sulfur species in complex samples. The ID analysis is advantageous over.
An observation of the fracture process in front of the crack tip inside a dentin sample by means of ex-situ X-ray computed tomography after uniaxial compression at different deformation values was carried out in this work. This ex-situ approach allowed the microstructure and fracturing process of human dentin to be observed during loading. No cracks are observed up to the middle part of the irreversible deformation in the samples at least visible at 0.4μm resolution. First cracks appeared before the mechanical stress reached the compression strength. The growth of the cracks is realized by connecting the main cracks with satellite cracks that lie ahead of the main crack tip and parallel its trajectory. When under the stress load the deformation in the sample exceeds the deformation at the compression strength of dentin, an appearance of micro-cracks in front of the main cracks is observed. The micro-cracks are inclined (~60°) to the trajectory of the main cracks. The further growth of the main cracks is not realized due to the junction with the micro-cracks; we assume that the micro-cracks dissipate the energy of the main crack and suppressed its growth. These micro-cracks serve as additional stress accommodations, therefore the samples do not break apart after the compression test, as it is usually observed under bending and tension tests.
Establishing ZIF‐8 as a reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption: An interlaboratory study
(2024)
AbstractHydrogen storage by cryoadsorption on porous materials has the advantages of low material cost, safety, fast kinetics, and high cyclic stability. The further development of this technology requires reliable data on the H2 uptake of the adsorbents, however, even for activated carbons the values between different laboratories show sometimes large discrepancies. So far no reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption is available. The metal‐organic framework ZIF‐8 is an ideal material possessing high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability that reduces degradation during handling and activation. Here, we distributed ZIF‐8 pellets synthesized by extrusion to 9 laboratories equipped with 15 different experimental setups including gravimetric and volumetric analyzers. The gravimetric H2 uptake of the pellets was measured at 77 K and up to 100 bar showing a high reproducibility between the different laboratories, with a small relative standard deviation of 3–4 % between pressures of 10–100 bar. The effect of operating variables like the amount of sample or analysis temperature was evaluated, remarking the calibration of devices and other correction procedures as the most significant deviation sources. Overall, the reproducible hydrogen cryoadsorption measurements indicate the robustness of the ZIF‐8 pellets, which we want to propose as a reference material.
Against the backdrop of numerous security breaches and cyber-attacks, organizations need to take measures to secure their data and information. However, the well-known management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 for information security has shown a lower adoption rate – in terms of annual ISO survey data – than was previously expected by scholars and practitioners. Through the lens of Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, we consider the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as a 'preventive innovation' and aim to identify factors that help gain a better understanding of its adoption. Therefore, we conducted a survey among German organizations on the use and impact of management system standards, explicitly distinguishing between organizations that implement ISO/IEC 27001 and those that are additionally certified against this standard. This study provides insights and contributes to an advanced understanding of motives, impacts, barriers, and useful measures to increase adoption of ISO/IEC 27001. Our findings may be useful to organizations considering the adoption of this management system standard, to certification bodies providing certification services, and to policymakers seeking means to improve information security in organizations.
The processes of hydrogen reduction of silicon and germanium chlorides under the conditions of high-frequency (40.68 MHz) counteracted arc discharge stabilized between two rod electrodes are investigated. The main gas-phase and solid products of plasma-chemical transformations are determined. Thermodynamic analysis of SiCl4 + H2 and GeCl4 + H2 systems for optimal process parameters was carried out. Using the example of hydrogen reduction of SiCl4 by the method of numerical modeling, gas-dynamic and thermal processes for this type of discharge are investigated. The impurity composition of gas-phase and solid reaction products is investigated. The possibility of single-stage production of high-purity Si and Ge mainly in the form of compact ingots, as well as high-purity chlorosilanes and trichlorogermane, is shown.
AbstractAir‐coupled ultrasonic testing (ACU) is a pioneering technique in non‐destructive testing (NDT). While contact testing and fluid immersion testing are standard methods in many applications, the adoption of ACU is progressing slowly, especially in the low ultrasonic frequency range. A main reason for this development is the difficulty of generating high amplitude ultrasonic bursts with equipment that is robust enough to be applied outside a laboratory environment. This paper presents the fluidic ultrasonic transducer as a solution to this challenge. This novel aeroacoustic source uses the flow instability of a sonic jet in a bistable fluidic switch to generate ultrasonic bursts up to 60 kHz with a mean peak pressure of 320 Pa. The robust design allows operation in adverse environments, independent of the operating fluid. Non‐contact through‐transmission experiments are conducted on four materials and compared with the results of conventional transducers. For the first time, it is shown that the novel fluidic ultrasonic transducer provides a suitable acoustic signal for NDT tasks and has potential of furthering the implementation of ACU in industrial applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
In ultrasonic testing, material and structural properties of a specimen can be derived from the time-of-flight (ToF). Using signal features, such as the first peak or envelope maximum, to calculate the ToF is error-prone in multipath arrangements or dispersive and attenuating materials, which is not the case for the signal onset. Borrowing from seismology, researchers used the Akaike information criterion (AIC) picker to automatically determine onset times. The most commonly used formulation, Maeda's AIC picker, is reassessed and found to be based on inappropriate assumptions for signals often used in ultrasonic testing and dependent on arbitrary parameters. Consequently, an onset picker for ultrasonic through-transmission measurements is proposed, based on a spectral entropy criterion (SEC) to model the signal using the AIC framework. This SEC picker takes into account the spectral properties of the ultrasonic signal and is virtually free of arbitrary parameters. Synthetic and experimental data are used to compare the performance of SEC and AIC pickers. It is shown that the accuracy of onset picking is improved for densely sampled data.
AbstractHigh-strength aluminum alloys used in aerospace and automotive applications obtain their strength through precipitation hardening. Achieving the desired mechanical properties requires precise control over the nanometer-sized precipitates. However, the microstructure of these alloys changes over time due to aging, leading to a deterioration in strength. Typically, the size, number, and distribution of precipitates for a quantitative assessment of microstructural changes are determined by manual analysis, which is subjective and time-consuming. In our work, we introduce a progressive and automatable approach that enables a more efficient, objective, and reproducible analysis of precipitates. The method involves several sequential steps using an image repository containing dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM) images depicting various aging states of an aluminum alloy. During the process, precipitation contours are generated and quantitatively evaluated, and the results are comprehensibly transferred into semantic data structures. The use and deployment of Jupyter Notebooks, along with the beneficial implementation of Semantic Web technologies, significantly enhances the reproducibility and comparability of the findings. This work serves as an exemplar of FAIR image and research data management.
Simulation-Assisted Augmentation of Missing Wedge and Region-of-Interest Computed Tomography Data
(2024)
This study reports a strategy to use sophisticated, realistic X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) simulations to reduce Missing Wedge (MW) and Region-of-Interest (RoI) artifacts in FBP (Filtered Back-Projection) reconstructions. A 3D model of the object is used to simulate the projections that include the missing information inside the MW and outside the RoI. Such information augments the experimental projections, thereby drastically improving the reconstruction results. An X-ray CT dataset of a selected object is modified to mimic various degrees of RoI and MW problems. The results are evaluated in comparison to a standard FBP reconstruction of the complete dataset. In all cases, the reconstruction quality is significantly improved. Small inclusions present in the scanned object are better localized and quantified. The proposed method has the potential to improve the results of any CT reconstruction algorithm.
This study investigates the sintering and crystallization behavior and kinetic of the bioactive glass (BG) 13–93 with nominal composition (in mol%): 54.6 SiO2 - 1.7 P2O3 - 22.1 CaO - 6.0 Na2O - 7.9 K2O - 7.7 MgO. Sintering and crystallization were investigated non-isothermally for various particle size fractions smaller than 315 μm as well as for bulk samples. Densification was not hindered by the presence of crystalline phases across all particle size fractions. Afterwards, wollastonite was found as the dominant crystal phase at higher temperature which resorb primary surface precipitation-like quartz crystallites. The growth direction shifts into volume when the sample surface is nearly covered. The crystal growth rate of wollastonite was calculated from the crystalline surface layer thickness measured during heating. The findings of this study are relevant for the high temperature processing of BG 13–93.
Knowledge representation in the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant (consistent) and variant (context-specific) knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this paper, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is presented. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics. Additionally, it demonstrates how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds. Moreover, the research highlights how to fuel it with real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations with continuously automated industrial applications.
The usefulness of seven different Tin catalysts, Bismuth subsalicylate and Titan tetra(ethoxide) for the polycondensation of ethyl L-lactate (ELA) was examined at 150 °C/6 d. Dibutyltin bis(phenoxides) proved to be particularly effective. Despite the low reactivity of ELA, weight average molecular masses (Mw) up to 12 500 were found along with partial crystallization. Furthermore, polylactides (PLAs) of similar molecular masses were prepared via ELA-initiated ROPs of L-lactide by means of the four most effective polycondensation catalysts. The crystalline linear PLAs were annealed at 140 or 160 °C in the presence of these catalysts. The consequences of the transesterification reactions in the solid PLAs were studied by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results indicate that polycondensation and formation of cycles proceed in the solid state via formation of loops on the surface of the crystallites. In summary, five different transesterification reactions are required to explain all results.
Manufacturing austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) using additive manufacturing is of great interest for cryogenic applications. Here, the mechanical and microstructural responses of a 316L ASS built by laser powder bed fusion were revealed by performing in situ neutron diffraction tensile tests at the low-temperature range (from 373 to 10 K). The stacking fault energy almost linearly decreased from 29.2 ± 3.1 mJm⁻² at 373 K to 7.5 ± 1.7 mJm⁻² at 10 K, with a slope of 0.06 mJm⁻²K⁻¹, leading to the transition of the dominant deformation mechanism from strain-induced twinning to martensite formation. As a result, excellent combinations of strength and ductility were achieved at the low-temperature range.
The statistical tool eCerto was developed for the evaluation of measurement data to assign property values and associated uncertainties of reference materials. The analysis is based on collaborative studies of expert laboratories and was implemented using the R software environment. Emphasis was put on comparability of eCerto with SoftCRM, a statistical tool based on the certification strategy of the former Community Bureau of Reference. Additionally, special attention was directed towards easy usability from data collection through processing, archiving, and reporting. While the effects of outlier removal can be flexibly explored, eCerto always retains the original data set and any manipulation such as outlier removal is (graphically and tabularly) documented adequately in the report. As a major reference materials producer, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) developed and will maintain a tool to meet the needs of modern data processing, documentation requirements, and emerging fields of RM activity. The main features of eCerto are discussed using previously certified reference materials.
Human factors (HFs) are a frequently mentioned topic when talking about the reliability of non-destructive testing (NDT). However, probability of detection (POD), the commonly used measure of NDT reliability, only looks at the technical capability of an NDT system to detect a defect.
After several decades of research on the influence of HFs on NDT reliability, there is still no commonly accepted approach to rendering HFs visible in reliability assessment. This paper provides an overview of possible quantitative and qualitative methods for integrating HFs into the reliability assessment. It is concluded that reliability assessment is best carried out using both quantifiable and non-quantifiable approaches to HFs.
Here, we elucidate nonclassical multistep crystallization pathways of transition metal phosphates from aqueous solutions. We followed precipitation processes of M-struvites, NH4MPO4·6H2O, and M-phosphate octahydrates, M3(PO4)2·8H2O, where M = Ni, Co, or NixCo1–x, by using in situ scattering and spectroscopy-based techniques, supported by elemental mass spectrometry analyses and advanced electron microscopy. Ni and Co phosphates crystallize via intermediate colloidal amorphous nanophases, which change their complex structures while agglomerating, condensing, and densifying throughout the extended reaction times. We reconstructed the three-dimensional morphology of these precursors by employing cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). We found that the complex interplay between metastable amorphous colloids and protocrystalline units determines the reaction pathways. Ultimately, the same crystalline structure, such as struvite, is formed. However, the multistep process stages vary in complexity and can last from a few minutes to several hours depending on the selected transition metal(s), their concentration, and the Ni/Co ratio.
The digitalization of quality control processes and the underlying data infrastructures for safety relevant components, such as hydrogen pressure vessels, plays a significant role in the transition towards Industry 4.0. In the current safety regulations for hydrogen pressure vessels, there is no established concept for structural health monitoring. The development of a reliable structural health monitoring methodology for monitoring the structural integrity of pressure vessels enables a fast-forward transition from personnel- and costintensive recurring inspections, a.k.a. periodic maintenance, to predictive maintenance. In the work presented; we investigated the application of ultrasonic guided wave propagation to monitor and assess the condition of Type IV composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV). A sensor network of fifteen piezo-electric wafers is placed on the carbon fibre reinforced composite cylinder. Five different artificial damage configurations are created by gluing two different weight blocks on three different locations. The database containing measured guided wave data sets is enriched by two different boundary conditions. We utilized an open-source software, openBIS labnotebook, to store and analyse experimental datasets. The guided wave ultrasonic signals were investigated and analysed by using commonly used ultrasonic features (e.g., amplitude, frequency, time of flight) as well as non-traditional time-series features (kurtosis, skewness, variance). The features were used to calculate damage index and the detection performance for the results has been evaluated. The results suggest that both traditional and non-traditional features assume significant importance in artificial damage detection. The future works will additionally involve the impacts of operational conditions, such as periodic pressure variations temperature loadings as well as material degradations.
The application of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) to store hydrogen and other compressed gases, especially when operating at high pressures, imposed the need for an innovative and reliable approach to ensure the safe operation of the system. Continuous structural health monitoring (SHM) based on ultrasonic guided waves (GWs) is a promising approach due to the ability of the wave to propagate for long distances and go around complex structures, moreover the high sensitivity to various failure modes such as delamination, matrix cracking and debonding. In this study, we scrutinize the behavior of (GWs) within the COPV using a network of PZT elements that are used for excitation and sensing. A laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) was also used to scan the surface of the vessel in various directions. L(0,1) and L(0,2) were observed in the captured signal. The L(0, 2) appeared to be a dominant mode in the COPV and was capable of propagating along the entire length and maintaining a good signal-to-noise ratio. The L(0,2) mode maintained the same phase velocity when it is captured at various excitation angles (0, 45, and 90 degrees). The reduced effect of the orthotropy of the materials on the propagating waves is an important result as it will reduce the complexity in data processing when performing damage identification.