Energie
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (76)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (76)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (8)
- Thermoelectrics (8)
- Fatigue (5)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (5)
- CCUS (4)
- Droplet corrosion (4)
- Sintering (4)
- Alkali ions (3)
- CCS (3)
- CO2 (3)
- Gassensorik (3)
- Geothermal (3)
- H2Safety@BAM (3)
- Martensitic steel (3)
- Scarf repairs (3)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO2 (3)
- Wind turbine blades (3)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (3)
- Alkali zinc borate glasses (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Betriebsfestigkeit (2)
- CCU (2)
- Calciumcobaltit (2)
- Calciummanganat (2)
- Carbon capture (2)
- Carbon steel (2)
- Carbon steels (2)
- Faseroptische Sensorik (2)
- Ferritic-martensitic steels (2)
- Geführte Ultraschallwellen (2)
- Glas (2)
- Glass-ceramics (2)
- LCF (2)
- Leckdetektion (2)
- Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung (2)
- Multilayer (2)
- Multilayer technology (2)
- Multilayertechnik (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Pipeline (2)
- Reaction sintering (2)
- Sandwich (2)
- SensRef (2)
- Silver diffusion (2)
- Silver-glass-metallization-paste (2)
- Sinter additive (2)
- Sintering additives (2)
- Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) (2)
- Superaustenite steel (2)
- Texture (2)
- Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (2)
- Thermoelectric (2)
- Viscosity (2)
- Wind turbine blade shells (2)
- Windenergie (2)
- 3D glass structure model (1)
- 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels (1)
- Acids (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Aussonderugnsrate (1)
- CO2 quality (1)
- CO2-corrosion (1)
- Calcination (1)
- Calcium cobaltite (1)
- Calcium manganate (1)
- Capture (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carbon steels (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) (1)
- Carbon capture storage (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Ceramic multilayer (1)
- Co-firing (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Condensation (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Cooling simulations (1)
- Creep (1)
- Creep-Fatigue (1)
- Creep-fatigue (1)
- Crevice corrosion (1)
- Cross linking (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Cure process (1)
- Cyclic oxidation (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Damage mechanisms (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Dislocation (1)
- Distribution function (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (1)
- EBSD (1)
- EDX (1)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Energy harvesting (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Etching (1)
- FCH JU (1)
- FIB (1)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (1)
- Faseroptik (1)
- Faserverstärkte Kunstoffe (1)
- Fatigue of sandwich shell structures (1)
- Fatigue of sandwich structures (1)
- Fem (1)
- Fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Foliengießen (1)
- GD-OES (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gefüge (1)
- Glasmatrixkomposit (1)
- Glass (1)
- Glass composition (1)
- Glass fibre reinforced plastics (1)
- Heat treatment (1)
- Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle (1)
- Hochtemperaturermüdung (1)
- Horizon 2020 (1)
- Hot Press (1)
- Hot pressing (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen sensor (1)
- Hydrogen sensors (1)
- Kalzinierung (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- LTCC (1)
- Laminography (1)
- Layer depostion (1)
- Li-ion battery (1)
- Lightweight materials (1)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (1)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- Martensitic steel (1)
- Mechanistic Modelling (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metrologie (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (1)
- Micromechanical model (1)
- Microstructural evolution (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microstructure modification (1)
- Mindedestberstdruck (1)
- Modell (1)
- Monte-Carlo Simulation (1)
- Mortar (1)
- Mortel (1)
- Nickel-base superalloys (1)
- P92 (1)
- P92 steels (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Photon counting detector (1)
- Physically based material model (1)
- Pole figures (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Power plant (1)
- Pressure assisted sintering (1)
- Pressure-assisted sintering (1)
- Protective coating (1)
- Repair of sandwich shell structures (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Restberstfestigkeit (1)
- Rissheilung (1)
- Rotor blade (1)
- Roughness (1)
- SEM (1)
- Safety assessment (1)
- Salzschmelzen (1)
- Sandwich structures (1)
- Scarf joint repair (1)
- Screen printing (1)
- SiO2 (1)
- Sibayak (1)
- Silber (1)
- Silver cluster (1)
- Silver metallization paste (1)
- Silver precipitates (1)
- Silver-glass metallization paste (1)
- Single-crystals (1)
- Sintering atmosphere (1)
- Sintern (1)
- Sintertemperatur (1)
- Sol-gel coating (1)
- Storage (1)
- Structure (1)
- Superaustenite steel (1)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO 2 (1)
- TAHYA (1)
- TMF (1)
- Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steels (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steel (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steels (1)
- Texturation (1)
- Thermal stress (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermo-mechanical-loading (1)
- Thermoelectric generator (1)
- Thermoelectric oxide (1)
- Thermoelektrika (1)
- Thermoelektrischer Generator (1)
- Thermoset polymers (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Utilization (1)
- Utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- Viskoplastisch (1)
- Weibull Distribution (1)
- Wind energy (1)
- Wind turbine (1)
- Wind turbine blade shell structures (1)
- Wärmespeicher (1)
- X-ray imaging (1)
- X-ray laminography (1)
- arbon capture (1)
- carbon steel (1)
- condensate (1)
- corrosion (1)
- electrochemical characterization (1)
- impurities (1)
- pitting corrosion (1)
- utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (76) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (76) (entfernen)
Die Nutzung von Sensortechnologien, insbesondere im Bereich der Gasdetektion mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Wasserstoff, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen der Wasserstofftechnologie. Sicherheitsüberwachung, Leckdetektion und Prozesskontrolle gehören zu den prominenten Anwendungsgebieten dieser Sensortechnologien. Ein zentrales Ziel ist die Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die genaue Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhältnisses mithilfe von Gassensoren. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, um potenzielle Gefahren frühzeitig zu erkennen und angemessene Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt auf der Analytik und der Verwendung zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien in Verbindung mit Metrologie für die Wasserstoffspeicherung. Dies gewährleistet eine präzise und zuverlässige Charakterisierung von Wasserstoff und unterstützt die Entwicklung sicherer Speichertechnologien. Im Rahmen des Euramet-Vorhabens Metrology for Advanced Hydrogen Storage Solutions (MefHySto) wird eine Kurzvorstellung präsentiert.
Der Vortrag stellt zwei zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zum strukturellen Zustandsüberwachung (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM) für Wasserstofftechnologien vor. Insbesondere die Fehlstellenerkennung mittels geführter Ultraschallwellen spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Lebensdauerüberwachung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die Anwendung faseroptischer Sensorik zur Schadensfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Diese zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren ermöglichen eine präzise und frühzeitige Identifizierung von Schäden, was die Sicherheit und Effizienz von Wasserstoffspeichersystemen entscheidend verbessert.
The BAMline at the synchrotron X-ray source BESSY II (Berlin, Germany) is supporting researchers especially in materials science. As a non-destructive characterization method, synchrotron X-ray imaging, especially tomography with hard X-Rays, plays an important role in structural 3D characterization. The imaging capabilities allow for in-situ and operando experiments. In this presentation the equipment, data handling pipeline as well as various examples from material science are presented.
Im statistischen Mittel steht eine Windkraftanlage (WKA) in Deutschland alle 6 Jahre wegen eines Schadens an den Rotorblättern und verursacht Kosten von 20k€-40k€ infolge Ertragsausfall und Reparaturkosten. Bei über 30.000 WKA in Deutschland verursacht dies jährlichen Kosten von 100-200 Mio. €. Zu 70% sind die Ursachen Fertigungsfehler. Diesem Themenkomplex widmet sich FB-5.3 in Kooperation mit FBs der Zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (Abt. 8) schon seit Jahren.
Im aktuellen Projekt geht es um einen vorzeitigen Verschleiß der Rotorblätter infolge der Verwendung gealterter Glasfaser-Rovings. (GF). Die Entwicklung moderner Windkraftanlagen hatte in Europa seinen Ursprung in den 90er Jahren. OEMs und GF-Hersteller waren dicht beisammen. Die Globalisierung des Marktes führt heute zu einer weltweiten Verschiffung der GF in feucht-warmen Containern. Je nach Beschaffenheit (Chemie) der Schlichten (Oberflächenbehandlung) von GF können diese stark altern (Hydrolyse-Effekte) und die Festigkeit kann im Bauteil um bis zu 50% abgemindert sein.
In einer Kooperation mit der Rotorblattallianz, einem Zusammenschluss der OEMs, Halbzeugherstellern und Forschungsinstituten, wurden schon vor 5 Jahren in einem Forschungsprojekt (FB-5.3; VH 5538) die chemischen Mechanismen der Alterung exemplarisch für eine Glasfaser-Roving-Type aufgeklärt. Im aktuellen Projekt (FB-5.3; VH 5304) wird ein beschleunigtes Alterungsverfahren (erhöhte Temperatur und Feuchte) am Roving im un-impregnierten Zustand entwickelt und die Festigkeit nachfolgend nach Einbettung in eine Epoxid-Harz-Matrix bestimmt. Je nach Alterungszustand zeigt sich eine Abnahme der Zwischenfaserbruchfestigkeit von bis zu 50%. Nicht alle Glasfaser-Roving-Typen zeigen diesen Effekt. Es ist gelungen für OEMs und Halbzeughersteller ein handhabbares Verfahren zur innerbetrieblichen Qualitätssicherung zu entwickeln, da die wenigsten Firmen über komplexe Analyseverfahren, wie an der BAM, verfügen.
Low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) are used to fabricate multilayer circuits which are robust in harsh environments. Thick-film technology is well established for the metallization of circuit boards and microsystems. For specific sensor applications, the combination of LTCC and thin-film technology is advantageous to reach higher structure resolutions. Due to the high roughness of as-fired LTCC surfaces compared with silicon-wafers, the deposition of low-defect- films with narrowly specified properties is challenging. The deposited thin-films are structured either by lift-off or by etching. The latter is less error-prone and thus preferred in industry provided the selected materials allow it. There is spare literature about thin films on commercial LTCC comparing different material systems or sintering techniques. For developing thin-film sensors on multilayer circuits it is crucial to identify thin-film-compatible commercial LTCC material as well as the crucial surface properties. In this work we evaluate the thin-film capability of different LTCC compositions and surface qualities.
To evaluate the influence of the material composition on the thin film capability, 200 nm Ni-thin films were deposited on three different constrained-sintered LTCC (CT708, CT800 and DP951) by electron beam physical vapour deposition. The effect of surface quality was assessed by thin-film deposition on free-sintered, pressure-assisted sintered, and polished DP951. The thin-films were structured by covering corresponding sections with a UV-curable photo resin and subsequent etching of the uncovered surface, leaving behind the desired structure.
The etched Ni-thin films showed high difference in failure rate and sheet resistance regarding the used LTCC-material. DP951 had the lowest sheet resistance and no failure, whereas CT800 had a high sheet resistance and a failure rate of 40 %. These results are correlated with surface roughness of the LTCC, scanning electron micrographs of the deposited thin-films, and the chemical resistance of the LTCC against commonly used etching media. Contrary to the expectations, no correlation between roughness and thin-film capability was found. The LTCC with high failure rate showed a strong chemical attack by the used etching medium. Additionally, the adhesion of thin-films on DP951 is better than on CT708 and CT800.
Wind turbine rotor blades are produced as aerodynamic, three-dimensionally formed sandwich shell structures using mainly glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). The GFRP used today have the potential to withstand the harsh operating conditions of rotor blades over the projected service life of 20 years. Premature damages that occur can be traced primarily back to design and/or manufacturing imperfections, as well as unusually high load scenarios (for instance lightning strikes, or strong winds combined with system control errors). Therefore, rotor blades have to be repaired several times (on average 2-3 times) during their projected service life. Approximately 70% of these are repairs of small- to medium-sized sandwich shells, carried out by technicians directly accessing the blade by suspended roping at the wind turbine location. The goal is to execute repairs that will last over the remaining service life, i.e. be sustainable.
Within the framework of a research project carried out at BAM, Division 5.3 Polymer Matrix Composites, Department 5 for Materials Engineering, not only was the geometric shape (round vs. square in relation to the top view) varied, but also the layup of the scarf repair structure, variables that have not been studied systematically to-date. Sub-component scale sandwich shell specimens with representative repairs were used in this work in addition to coupon-scale specimens that are more commonly seen in literature. These sub-component shell specimens were tested using a unique shell test bench under loading conditions representative of wind turbine blade shell operating conditions with respect to fatigue strength. Using non-destructive testing methods (field strain measurement and thermography), damage development and distribution was monitored and analyzed in-situ. As a result, a concept was developed in which the repaired areas showed at least equivalent if not higher fatigue strength than the reference shells that were not repaired.
Der Beitrag behandelt verschiedene Themen aus dem H2Safety@BAM-Kompetenzfeld Sensorik, Analytik und zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (SensRef) mit Schwerpunkt auf Mess- und Prüfverfahren, die verschiedene Analyseverfahren, Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen nutzen. Ein Teil davon ist das Euramet-Vorhaben "MefHySto" zur Metrologie der Wasserstoffspeicherung. Des Weiteren werden Verfahren zur Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff und zur Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhältnisses mithilfe von Gassensoren behandelt. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die zerstörungsfreie Fehlstellenerkennung mit einem integrierten Zustandsüberwachungssystem, das auf geführten Ultraschallwellen basiert und zur Überwachung der Lebensdauer von Composite-Behältern (Wasserstoffspeicher) dient. Zudem wird die Anwendung faseroptischer Sensorik zur Schadenfrüherkennung an Wasserstoffspeichern diskutiert. Dabei werden erkennbare Dehnungsänderungen an Druckbehältern als Indikatoren genutzt.
Oxide thermoelectric semiconducting materials like p-type calcium cobaltite Ca3Co4O9 are investigated as oxidation- and temperature-resistant thermoelectric materials for thermoelectric generators (TEGs). To realize TEGs in planar film technology, the powder aerosol deposition (PAD) method is emerging recently. PAD is a method to obtain dense ceramic films directly from the synthesized starting powders without a subsequent high temperature step.
In the present work, Ca3Co4O9 (CCO) powders are processed by PAD to ceramic films at room temperature. The thermoelectric properties of the films (film thickness 10 – 20 µm) are characterized from room temperature to 900°C. Additionally, the layer morphology and texture of the films will be investigated.
As result, the Seebeck coefficient of the CCO-PAD film is comparable to pressed and sintered CCO-bulk materials during the 1st heating cycle to 900°C. The morphology of the films after the thermal treatment shows strong aligned crystallites resulting in a strong texture of the films. The electrical conductivity increases strongly during the 1st heating cycle to 900°C and stays almost constant afterwards. Compared to CCO-bulks, the films provide higher electrical conductivity which could be explained by the oriented crystal growth in-plane direction of the film.
The relationship between thermoelectric properties and layer morphology as a function of thermal annealing parameters will be further investigated.
Low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) are used to fabricate robust multilayer circuits. Typically, thick-film technology is applied for metallization. For specific sensor applications, thin films are deposited directly on the as-fired LTCC-surface. These deposited thin films are structured either by lift-off or by etching. The latter is less error-prone and thus preferred in industry provided the selected materials allow it.
200 nm Ni-thin films were deposited on three different commercial constrained-sintered LTCC (CT708, CT800 and DP951) by electron beam physical vapour deposition. The thin-films were structured by covering corresponding sections with a UV-curable photo resisn and subsequent etching of the uncovered surface, leaving behind the desired structure. The etched Ni-thin film showed high difference in failure rate and sheet resistance regarding the used LTCC-material. DP951 had the lowest sheet resistance and no failure, whereas the CT800 had a failure rate of 40 %. The LTCC with high failure rate showed a strong chemical attack by the used etching medium. To address this phenomenon, the chemical resistance of the three different commercial LTCC (CT708, CT800 and DP951) against four different commonly used etching media (sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, aqua regia, and hydrofluoric acid) is investigated. The dissolved ions are analyzed by ICP-OES to correlate the LTCC-composition and its chemical resistance.
Der Beitrag beinhaltet Themen vom H2Safety@BAM-Kompetenzfeld Sensorik, Analytik und zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (SensRef) mit Fokus auf Mess- und Prüfverfahren mit verschiedenen Sensortechnologien und Ultraschallwellen:
Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung - Euramet-Vorhaben "MefHySto",
Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhälntisses mit Gassensoren, zerstörungsfreie Fehlstellenerkennung mit integriertem Zustandsüberwachungssystem basierend auf geführten Ultraschallwellen zur Lebensdauerüberwachung von Composite-Behältern (Wasserstoffspeicher) sowie faseroptische Sensorik zur Schadenfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern aufgrund erkennbarer Dehnungsänderungen an Druckbehältern.
Investigation of degradation of the aluminum current collector in lithium-ion batteries by GD-OES
(2022)
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one technology to overcome the challenges of climate and energy crisis. They are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, or as storage for renewable energy sources. However, despite innovations in batteries' components like cathode and anode materials, separators, and electrolytes, the aging mechanism related to metallic aluminum current collector degradation causes a significant drop in their performance and prevents the durable use of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is a powerful method for depth-profiling of batteries' electrode materials. This work investigates aging-induced aluminum deposition on commercial lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries' cathodes. The results illustrate the depth-resolved elemental distribution from the cathode surface to the current collector. An accumulation of aluminum is found on the cathode surface by GD-OES, consistent with results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with focused ion beam (FIB) cutting. In comparison to FIB-EDX, GD-OES allows a fast and manageable depth-profiling. Results from different positions on an aged cathode indicate an inhomogeneous aluminum film growth on the surface. The conclusions from these experiments can lead to a better understanding of the degradation of the aluminum current collector, thus leading to higher lifetimes of LIBs.