4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2020 (136) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (71)
- Vortrag (27)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (11)
- Posterpräsentation (10)
- Buchkapitel (6)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (2)
- Sonstiges (1)
Schlagworte
- Bottom ash (5)
- Archaeometry (4)
- Deponie (4)
- Geogitter (4)
- Ink (4)
- Leaching (4)
- PFAS (4)
- Phosphorus (4)
- Antimony (3)
- Circular economy (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Fertilizer (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Parchment (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Recycling (3)
- Termites (3)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (2)
- Anerkennungen (2)
- Antimicrobial resistance (2)
- BBodSchV (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Bacterial adhesion (2)
- Biocides (2)
- Biodeterioration (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Biogenic weathering (2)
- Biozide (2)
- Black fungi (2)
- Boden (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Compatible solute (2)
- Condensed Matter Physics (2)
- Consumer products (2)
- DRIFTS (2)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (2)
- Elutionsverfahren (2)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology (2)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (2)
- Festlegungen (2)
- Filterstaub (2)
- Fuel Technology (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Geokunststoffe (2)
- Gichtgasschlamm (2)
- Halomonas elongata (2)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (2)
- Humboldt Codices (2)
- Ink analysis (2)
- Interdisciplinary approach (2)
- Klärschlammasche (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Manuscripts (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Methanogen (2)
- Museum (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Non-invasive analysis (2)
- PAK (2)
- PFC (2)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Reverse glass painting (2)
- Richtlinien (2)
- Sanierung (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Tantal (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- VOC-emission (2)
- Verwertung (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Wood Protection (2)
- XANES spectroscopy (2)
- Zulassungen (2)
- genetics (2)
- 13th century (1)
- A Greek palimpsest (1)
- AEROMET project (1)
- AOF (1)
- AbfKlärV (1)
- Abfälle (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Aerosole (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Agricultural mycology (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Amphiphilic polymer (1)
- Analytical method (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Antibacterial polymer (1)
- Antimicrobial coating (1)
- Antiquity (1)
- Apanteles carpatus (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- Ascosphaera apis (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashes (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Bacterial second messenger (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Baustoffrecycling (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Beneficial microbes (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biofilm quantification (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biphasic growth (1)
- Black microcolonial fungi (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Bodenmaterial (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Book production (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Byzantine manuscript (1)
- Bürogeräte mit Druckfunktion (1)
- C-di-GMP (1)
- CCQM (1)
- COST action CA15114 AMICI (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Cannibalism (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Cellulose synthase (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Climate gradient (1)
- Codex Miscellaneus (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Control (1)
- Coptic (1)
- Coptic studies (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Corynetes caeruleus (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- DHN melanin (1)
- DNA (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Degradable polymer (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Dietary adaptation (1)
- Differential gene expression analysis (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Display case (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Drawings (1)
- DsRNA (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dyes (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EN 16516 (1)
- EOF (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Eisengallustinte (1)
- Electric Arc Furnace (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Elutionsverhalten (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Entomopathogen (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (1)
- Eurotiomycetes (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FAT class concept (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Fakes (1)
- Fassaden (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Fertilzer (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Fluorescent microscopy (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Forgery (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fractal structure (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fungal biofilms (1)
- Fungal stress mechanisms and responses (1)
- GDL (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gebindekonservierung (1)
- Gefahrgutregeln (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geosynthetics (1)
- Gothic incursions (1)
- Growth-rate homeostasis (1)
- Gypsum recycling (1)
- Halophilic bacteria (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Honey bee (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (1)
- Hydraulic engineering (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISO 16000-6 (1)
- Immune gene prediction (1)
- ImmunoDB (1)
- Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance (1)
- Industrial mycology (1)
- Infections (1)
- Inks (1)
- Insect biotechnology (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Internal pores (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Iron-gall ink (1)
- Isothiazolinone (1)
- Keratin (1)
- Klärschlamm (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Kontamination (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- LCA (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Lead books (1)
- Leather (1)
- Lichtbogenofen (1)
- Limitations (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Low-molecular-weight organic substances (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Manuscript making (1)
- Marble (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Mechanochemistry (1)
- Mechanosensitive channel (1)
- Medical mycology (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic modeling (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methode (1)
- Micro plastic (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modelling studies (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Moriscos (1)
- MscS (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- NFDI (1)
- Nano (1)
- Nano Particles (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Non invasive analysis (1)
- Non-destructive test (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Organic phosphorus breakdown (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- Osmoadaptation (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- Osmotic shock (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- Palaeography (1)
- Palimpsest (1)
- Paper (1)
- Papier (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particles (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phopshorus recovery (1)
- Phosphat (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorus K-edge-XANES spectroscopy (1)
- Phyllosphere (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Polyioinic liquid (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Pyrometallurgie (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNAi (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radon exhalation (1)
- Reactor conditions (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recovery rate (1)
- Recycling fertiliser (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Recyclingdüngemittel (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Resistance evolution (1)
- Resources (1)
- Ressourcenschonung (1)
- Reverse paintings on glass (1)
- Rhizosphere processes (1)
- Robustness validation (1)
- Rock biofilm (1)
- Rock leaching (1)
- Rötel (1)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- SEM (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Schadgase (1)
- Schadstofftransfer (1)
- Schimmel (1)
- Scythica Vindobonensia, (1)
- Secondary Recources (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (1)
- Short crack propagation (1)
- Single cell analysis (1)
- Single cell microbiology (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solute excretion (1)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (1)
- Stalwerksschlacke (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Steelmaking (1)
- Stone cultural heritage (1)
- Stress conditions (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Subaerial biofilms (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- TXRF (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thioimidazolium (1)
- Torah (1)
- Touch surfaces (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- VVOC (1)
- VVOCs (1)
- Verwertung Bodenmaterial (1)
- Vienna manuscript (1)
- Vitrine (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Wasserzeichen (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste management (1)
- Waste treatment (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Waste-to-energy (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Weld fatigue (1)
- Weld toe geometry (1)
- Wirksamkeit (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Writing inks (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XPS (1)
- XRF (1)
- Zeichenmaterialien (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- ZfP (1)
- Zinnschlacke (1)
- black fungi (1)
- black fungus (1)
- fungus (1)
- genomics (1)
- mRNA-seq (1)
- melanin (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (136)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (33)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (30)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (28)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (22)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (16)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (16)
- 6 Materialchemie (9)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (6)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (4)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (27)
The application of fracture mechanics to the determination of the fatigue behavior of weldments is discussed with the focus on classic fatigue, i.e., the overall fatigue life and the fatigue strength in terms of an S-N curve and the endurance limit. The following issues are addressed: specific features of short fatigue crack propagation, an adequate initial crack size, multiple crack propagation and its statistical treatment as well as welding residual stresses. As an example, an approach of the authors is applied to the determination of FAT classes for a butt weld with varying weld toe geometry.
The influence of interfacial pH between AISI 4135 steel and seawater under different polarization potentials on the formation of calcareous deposits has been studied. An interfacial pH of 9.61 at −0.9 V vs. SCE using state of the art iridium oxide microelectrode was found to be the critical pH for the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide. Calcareous deposits with a double-layer structure comprising an inner-brucite layer and an outer-aragonite layer were found to form at potentials between −1.0 V and −1.2 V vs. SCE. Furthermore, the facilitation of hydrogen permeation into steel induced by the formation of calcareous deposits was verified using the Devanathan-Stachurski electrochemical test. The mechanism of calcareous deposits facilitates hydrogen permeation into steel is related to its inhibition on hydrogen recombination and escape processes.
Es wird über aktuelle Arbeitsthemen und Entwicklungen im Fachbeirat berichtet. So wurde in einer Sondersitzung des Fachbeirats über die Entlassung aus der Nachsorgephase beim Einsatz von Geokunststoffprodukten in Böschungen diskutiert. Die Unterarbeitsgruppe Fremdüberwachung in der Produktion hat getagt. Darüber hinaus werden Änderungen in den Zulassungsrichtlinien für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Kunststoff-Dränelemente und für die Fremdüberwachung kurz vorgestellt.
Es wird über aktuelle Arbeitsthemen und Entwicklungen im Fachbeirat berichtet. So wurde in einer Sondersitzung des Fachbeirats über die Entlassung aus der Nachsorgephase beim Einsatz von Geokunststoffprodukten in Böschungen diskutiert. Die Unterarbeitsgruppe Fremdüberwachung in der Produktion hat getagt. Darüber hinaus werden Änderungen in den Zulassungsrichtlinien für Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Kunststoff-Dränelemente und für die Fremdüberwachung kurz vorgestellt.
Designing the performance of geogrids in reinforce soil constructions usually does not consider long-term behavior and possible failure modes of junctions between longitudinal and transverse ribs. How could behavior of junctions be included? To which extend is it necessary? On the conference Geo-Chicago 2016, Swan and Yuan presented an ultimate limit state equation for the short-term material resistance of junctions. We discuss limitations and suggest improvements to include long-term behavior of junctions. Nevertheless, the approach applies only to a specific mode of shear-tensile failure of junctions and only to strictly rigid geogrids. A new design concept presented in the same year by Jacobs on the conference GeoAmerica for the special case of the anchorage of geogrids, which reinforce capping system on long and steep slopes of landfills, tried to overcome these drawbacks. We discuss the aspects of this concept related to the long-term behavior of junctions and the interplay between the load applied to junctions and the flexibility of longitudinal ribs. This interplay and the long-term junction strength determine the long-term behavior of geogrids.
What Does Ectoine Do to DNA? A Molecular-Scale Picture of Compatible Solute−Biopolymer Interactions
(2020)
Compatible solutes are accumulated in the cytoplasm of halophilic microorganisms. These molecules enable their survival in a high salinity environment. Ectoine is such a compatible solute. It is a zwitterionic molecule which strongly interacts with surrounding water molecules and changes the dynamics of the local hydration shell. Ectoine interacts with biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA. The molecular interaction between ectoine and biomolecules in particular the interaction between ectoine and DNA is far from being understood.
In this paper we describe molecular aspects of the interaction between ectoine and double stranded DNA(dsDNA). Two 20 base pairs long dsDNA fragments were immobilized on a Gold surface via a thiol-tether. The interaction between the dsDNA monolayers with diluted and concentrated ectoine solutions was examined by means of X-ray photoelectron and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopies (PM IRRAS). Experimental results indicate that the ability of ectoine to bind water reduces the strength of hydrogen bonds formed to the ribose-phosphate backbone in the dsDNA. In diluted (0.1 M) ectoine solution, DNA interacts predominantly with water molecules. The sugar-phosphate backbone is involved in the formation of strong hydrogen bonds to water, which with elapsing time leads to a reorientation of the planes of nucleic acid bases. This reorientation destabilizes the hydrogen bonds strength between the bases and leads to a partial dehybridizaiton of the dsDNA. In concentrated ectoine solution (2.5 M), almost all water molecules interact with ectoine. Under this condition ectoine is able to interact directly with DNA. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the direct interaction involves the nitrogen atoms in ectoine and phosphate groups in the DNA molecule. The results of the quantum chemical calculations Show that rearrangements in the ribose-phosphate backbone, caused by a direct interaction with ectoine, facilitates contacts between O atom in the phosphate group and H atoms in a nucleic acid base. In the PM IRRA spectra, an increase in the number of the IR absorption modes in the base pair frequency region proves that the hydrogen bonds between bases become weaker.
Thus, a sequence of reorientations caused by interaction with ectoine leads to a breakdown of hydrogen bonds between bases in the double helix.
Weltweit werden etwa 80–85 % aller abgebauten Rohphosphate für die Produktion von Düngemitteln verwendet. Bei noch steigendem Bedarf an Phosphor (P) geht man derzeit davon aus, dass die weltweiten P-Reserven noch über 200 Jahre ausreichen. Um den P-Vorrat langfristig abzusichern, sollte der in Reststoffen enthaltene Phosphor möglichst umfänglich genutzt werden. Dieser Forderung trägt das von der Bundesregierung 2012 erstmals beschlossene Deutsche Ressourceneffizienzprogramm ProgRess Rechnung. Rohphosphat wird auch seitens der Europäischen Kommission aufgrundseiner ökonomischen Bedeutung und des unsicheren Angebots als „kritischer Rohstoff“ eingestuft. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Bundesregierung in der Verordnung zur Neuordnung der Klärschlammverwertung vom 27. September 2017 in Deutschland eine verpflichtende technische Rückgewinnung von Phosphor für Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen ab einer Ausbaugröße von 100.000 Einwohnerwerten (12 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung) bzw. ab einer Ausbaugröße von über 50.000 Einwohnerwerten (15 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Verordnung) vorgeschrieben. Die Verordnung enthält keine Vorgaben hinsichtlich der anzuwendenden Technologie bei der Phosphorrückgewinnung. Ausgenommen von der Rückgewinnungspflicht sind Klärschlämme mit niedrigen Phosphorgehalten (weniger als 20 Gramm Phosphor je Kilogramm Klärschlamm-Trockenmasse). Auch die im Jahre 2017 verabschiedeten neuen Rechtsvorschriften für die Düngung verlangen zukünftig einen nachhaltigen und ressourceneffizienten Umgang mit Nährstoffen bei der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung und schränken die P-Zufuhr insbesondere auf hoch versorgten Böden ein (Düngeverordnung vom 26. Mai 2017). Dies wird zu einem mehr am Pflanzenbedarf orientierten und ggf. vermehrt überbetrieblichen Einsatz von wirtschaftseigenen Düngern führen. Um den politischen und gesetzlichen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, müssen einerseits wirksame und kosteneffiziente technische Verfahren zum P-Recycling (weiter)entwickelt werden. Andererseits müssen die Recyclingprodukte die Anforderungen für eine direkte Verwendung in der Landwirtschaft oder als Rohstoff für die Herstellung von Düngemitteln erfüllen. In dem vorliegenden Standpunkt wird zunächst der potenzielle Beitrag von Reststoffen zur Deckung des P-Bedarfs in der deutschen Pflanzenproduktion geschätzt. Für die wichtigsten Reststoffe werden technische Verfahren zur P-Rückgewinnung bzw. Aufarbeitung skizziert. Auf Basis der Anforderungen der Landwirtschaft bzw. der Düngemittelindustrie
an die P-Recyclingprodukte werden deren Herstellungsverfahren bewertet. Schließlich wird der Regelungs- und Forschungsbedarf formuliert.
Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) has excellent building material properties and has been widely used in constructions in the last decades in many countries. Accordingly, an increase of waste gypsum in C&D waste is expected in the upcoming years. On one hand, sulfates are unwanted in other secondary building materials (particularly in recycled concrete aggregates) and should be minimized for quality reasons. On the other hand, used gypsum from CDW can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum – especially regarding the sorting accuracy - are met.
A large percentage of the gypsum from buildings was installed as gypsum plasterboards in interior fittings so far. Gypsum plasterboards are comparatively simple to remove and to separate during selective dismantling. Therefore, a high sorting purity can be achieved. In addition, techniques for the recycling of gypsum plasterboards already exist and high quality standards can be achieved. Also, the reuse in gypsum production has been improved in the last decade. Furthermore, an environmental evaluation of the whole process of gypsum plasterboard recycling and reuse showed that this approach can be environmentally advantageous. Therefore, a closed-loop recycling of gypsum plasterboards is feasible.
This poster will show the development of gypsum consumption in different countries as well as a prognosis for the upcoming of gypsum in CDW in the future decades in Germany. Furthermore, a simplified scheme of the recycling process and selected results from an environmental evaluation will be presented.
Microcolonial black fungi are a group of ascomycetes that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast-like growth and constitutive melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man-made environments, from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and a lack of genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We chose to address this gap by genetically engineering the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola (Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales), a species that exhibits all characteristics of black fungi. A cell biological approach was taken by generating K. petricola strains expressing green or red fluorescent protein variants. By applying: (1) traditional gene replacement; (2) gene editing and replacement via plasmid-based or ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR/Cas9, and (3) silencing by RNA interference (RNAi), we constructed mutants in the pathways leading to melanin, carotenoids, uracil and adenine. Stable single and double mutants were generated with homologous recombination (HR) rates up to 100%. Efficient, partially cloning-free strategies to mutate multiple
genes with or without resistance cassettes were developed. This state-of-the-art genetic toolkit, together with the annotated genome sequence of strain A95, firmly established K. petricola as a model for exploring microcolonial black fungi.