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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Impact of gamma radiation on transmission of a commercial Cytop polymer optical fibre (Lucina, Asahi Glass Company) is investigated. Spectral dependence of radiation induced attenuation in the investigated fibre is measured in the VIS-NIR spectral region. Besides attenuation increase, radiation is found to increase fibre susceptibility to water as well. While pristine Cytop fibre is rather humidity insensitive, strong humidity related absorption in the NIR region is observed after fibre irradiation. Selective irradiation of separate fibre sections is proposed as a way of fibre humidity sensitization and quasi-distributed water detection is demonstrated using optical time domain reflectometry at 1310 nm.
In this work, the potential of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in low-loss perfluorinated polymer optical fibers (PF-POFs) is explored. The FBG is femtosecond-inscribed in a commercial multi-mode (MM) PF-POF based on Cytop® polymer. Femtosecond inscription leads to creation of a highly saturated grating with a number of higher order reflection Peaks visible throughout the visible and near-infrared spectral region. For 2 mm long FBG having a pitch of 2.2895 μm, a total of nine higher-order MM reflection bands are visible spanning from 1548 nm (4th order) to 520 nm (12th order). Strain sensitivity was measured for 6 peak bands in 500-900 nm region, where relatively low cost CCD based spectrometers and broadband LEDs are available. Strain sensitivity increases almost linearly with increasing initial peak wavelength, growing from 4.82 ± 0.02 nm/% measured for 12th order peak at 517 nm to 8.12 ± 0.04 nm/% measured for 7th order peak at 883 nm. These values correspond to roughly 20 % higher sensitivity than silica FBGs exhibit in this spectral range. The gratings in PF-POFs combine the higher strain sensitivity and low-loss operation while maintaining the mechanical advantages of polymer optical fibers. Therefore, they hold a high potential for considerable broadening of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings application range.
Gamma radiation induced effects in perfluorinated polymer optical fibers for sensing applications
(2015)
Radiation induced attenuation in perfluorinated polymer optical fiber was investigated as a potential mean for online. in situ gamma radiation monitoring. Spectral dependence of radiation induced attenuation was measured in the visible and near infrared range. Attenuation spectrum exhibits sharp increase both towards the ultraviolet and infrared side of the spectrum with 3 distinct peaks around 1400 nm. The fiber sensitivity to gamma radiation was further evaluated at two commonly used IR wavelengths (1310nm and l550nm} by pre- and post-irradiation optical time-domain reflectometry measurements. The examined fiber is sensitive up to lOO kGy of total absorbed dose with only minor saturation towards the large dose values. The influence of gamma radiation on the fiber mechanical properties was studied as well. Up to the maximal dose of 100 kGy, no significant deterioration of fiber strength and elasticity was observed.
Systematic investigation of annealing behavior of drawn PMMA fibers was performed. Dynamics of annealing process were measured under different environmental conditions by fiber longitudinal shrinkage monitoring. Process was found to follow stretched exponential decay function indicating heterogeneous nature of underlying molecular dynamics. Consequences of fiber annealing for climatic stability of polymer optical fiber-based sensors are discussed, emphasizing importance of fiber controlled post-fabrication annealing. Dependence of induced fiber shrinkage on annealing time, temperature and fiber drawing conditions is investigated and interpreted. In addition, strong influence of humidity on annealing process was observed, which was not recognized in previous studies. This further highlights role of fiber post-fabrication thermal treatment with respect to intended operating conditions.
In this paper we present the development of a novel of a fibre optic temperature sensor based on thermoresponsive polymers. The principle of our invention that is already applied for a patent is based on the detection of the optical power that is transmitted through an optical fibre, whilst a temperature sensitive element is integrated in this fibre.
One of the main unsolved issues of under-ground storages for, e.g., CO2, H2, and natural gas is the comprehensive surveillance of these areas with reasonable effort and costs. Conventional sensors (e.g., soil air probes or borehole probes), however, can only be used for punctual or locally limited measurements; further their application can cause structural influences (invasive application).
In this paper, we describe in detail the setup of a CO2 injection soil test field. This test field will be used to enhance and validate an innovative ap-proach for distributed subsurface monitoring of gas storage areas. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that, for this purpose, a test field is built in an application relevant scale.
Strain sensors used for structural health monitoring (SHM) must provide reliable measurement data during their entire service lifetime. To achieve this for fibre optic sensors integrated into composites, the integration of the sensor has to be adapted according to the process conditions. This paper describes the fabrication of thermoplastic composite samples with integrated distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS) based on copper-nickel and polyimide coated silica optical fibres. The performance of these DFOS as SHM sensors is evaluated in terms of reliability by measurements derived from comparative measurements with resistance strain gauges and from fatigue tests with 10 million load cycles.
Structural Health Monitoring of composite materials gains in importance with the increasing use of Composite structures for safety-related applications, e.g. in aerospace. Because of the material properties of composites, defects often occur inside the structures and raise the demand for integrated sensors. The advantages of optical fibres predestine them not only for the surface-application on composite structures but also for the Integration into composite structures. Even without quasi-distributed sensors such as FBGs or LPGs, the optical fibre itself can be used to measure the structure and occurring events over the entire fibre length by distributed sensing techniques. This paper presents the surface-application of polyimide coated silica optical fibres onto PEEK specimens and the integration of copper and polyimide coated silica optical fibres into an AS-4/PEEK Composite to be used as distributed fibre optic sensors for SHM. Results from distributed measurements by optical backscatter reflectometry based on Rayleigh backscattering are shown.
In this paper a technique for integrating copper coated silica optical fibers into AS-4/PEEK composite for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is presented. The integration steps are described in detail. X-ray and microscopic images indicate a successfully integrated optical fiber which does not seem to affect the fiber/matrix distribution around it. Optical backscatter reflectometry shows losses of approximately 2dBm-1 along the integrated parts of the optical fiber due to temperature induced shrinkage of the composite.