Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2023 (825) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (825) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (598)
- Deutsch (225)
- Französisch (1)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (825)
Schlagworte
- Hydrogen (29)
- Korrosion (25)
- Additive manufacturing (22)
- Wasserstoff (19)
- Additive Fertigung (17)
- Corrosion (17)
- Residual stress (17)
- Additive Manufacturing (16)
- H2Safety@BAM (16)
- Safety (16)
- VAMAS (13)
- Welding (13)
- Automation (12)
- LIBS (12)
- Nano (12)
- Microplastics (11)
- PFAS (11)
- Ultraschallunterstütztes Fräsen (11)
- X-ray scattering (11)
- Concrete (10)
- Thermography (10)
- Eigenspannungen (9)
- Hochfester Stahl (9)
- Interlaboratory comparison (9)
- Metrology (9)
- Nanoparticles (9)
- Oberflächenintegrität (9)
- Reference material (9)
- Digitalisierung (8)
- Mechanical properties (8)
- Microstructure (8)
- Normung (8)
- Potentialfeldmessung (8)
- Recycling (8)
- Schweißen (8)
- Simulation (8)
- TED-GC/MS (8)
- TIG welding (8)
- Workflows (8)
- Biocides (7)
- Circular Economy (7)
- Fluorescence (7)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (7)
- MOUSE (7)
- Mikrolegierungseinfluss (7)
- NDT (7)
- Polymer 3R (7)
- Quality assurance (7)
- Runoff (7)
- Traceability (7)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (7)
- Ab initio simulations (6)
- Bacteria (6)
- Defects (6)
- Fatigue (6)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (6)
- Lab automation (6)
- Laser beam welding (6)
- Mechanochemistry (6)
- Nichtrostender Stahl (6)
- Offshore (6)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (6)
- Standardisation (6)
- Standardization (6)
- Structural Health Monitoring (6)
- Structural health monitoring (6)
- Ultrasound (6)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (6)
- Zink (6)
- Absolute isotope ratio (5)
- Ageing (5)
- CCMat (5)
- Chemically Complex Materials (5)
- DNA (5)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (5)
- Digitalization (5)
- Electron microscopy (5)
- Explosivstoffe (5)
- Geant4 (5)
- Geant4-DNA (5)
- Hochfester Feinkornbaustahl (5)
- In situ measurement (5)
- LH2 (5)
- Laser hybrid welding (5)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (5)
- Machine Learning (5)
- Monitoring (5)
- Ontology (5)
- Particle (5)
- Phase diagrams (5)
- QI-Digital (5)
- Quantum yield (5)
- Schlagfunken (5)
- Werkzeugverschleiß (5)
- X-ray computed tomography (5)
- Antimicrobial resistance (4)
- Artificial Intelligence (4)
- Atmosphärische Korrosion (4)
- Blast (4)
- CFK (4)
- Composites (4)
- Data stewardship (4)
- Digital image correlation (4)
- Digitalisation (4)
- Dosimetry (4)
- Duplex stainless steel (4)
- Electromagnetic backing (4)
- Ellipsometry (4)
- FAIR data management (4)
- Fluorine (4)
- Fracture Mechanics (4)
- Functionalized graphene (4)
- Fügetechnik (4)
- G5P (4)
- Gas source localization (4)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (4)
- In situ (4)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (4)
- Korrosionsschutz (4)
- LEE (4)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (4)
- Laser powder bed fusion (4)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (4)
- Legierungsmodifikation (4)
- Luminescence (4)
- MLI (4)
- MVT (4)
- Machine learning (4)
- Microdosimetry (4)
- Mikroplastik (4)
- Mobile robotic olfaction (4)
- NIR (4)
- Nichtelektrische Funken (4)
- Optical spectroscopy (4)
- Particle size (4)
- Pipeline (4)
- Pipelines (4)
- Protein (4)
- Pyrotechnik (4)
- Quality Infrastructure (4)
- Quality-X (4)
- Qualitätsinfrastruktur (4)
- Quantification (4)
- Reference data (4)
- Reibfunken (4)
- Research (4)
- Ring Compression Test (4)
- SEM (4)
- Schleiffunken (4)
- SensRef (4)
- Soil (4)
- Standard (4)
- Standardisierung (4)
- Steel (4)
- Studie (4)
- Sustainability (4)
- TOPAS (4)
- Tolerance (4)
- Transport (4)
- WEZ-Erweichung (4)
- WRC 1992 diagram (4)
- Zerspankräfte (4)
- Aerial robot (3)
- Assessment (3)
- Auslagerungsversuche (3)
- Benchtop-NMR (3)
- Biocomposite (3)
- Biofilm (3)
- Blast injury (3)
- Bridges (3)
- Cabonfasern (3)
- Cement (3)
- Charpy impact toughness (3)
- Circular economy (3)
- Composite (3)
- Conductivity (3)
- Conformity Assessment (3)
- Creep (3)
- DAS (3)
- DED-Arc (3)
- DED-arc (3)
- DFT (3)
- Data processing (3)
- Digital Image Correlation (3)
- Digital Infrastructure (3)
- Dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joint (3)
- Distributed acoustic sensing (3)
- Drop test (3)
- Dye (3)
- Embedded Sensors (3)
- Experimental setup (3)
- Fire (3)
- Forschung (3)
- Gassensorik (3)
- Geführte Ultraschallwellen (3)
- Genetics (3)
- Geophysics (3)
- Glutaraldehyde (3)
- High-entropy alloy (3)
- High-strength steel (3)
- High-strength steels (3)
- Hohlzugprobe (3)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (3)
- Hydrogen fueling station (3)
- Hydroxyl radical (3)
- ISO 3690 (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- Inconel 718 (3)
- Indoor air quality (3)
- Internal defects (3)
- Kerbschlagzähigkeit (3)
- Kupfer (3)
- LC-HRMS (3)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (3)
- Lifetime (3)
- Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung (3)
- MAPz@BAM (3)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (3)
- Material moisture (3)
- Mechanisch erzeugte Funken (3)
- Mechanischer Explosionsschutz (3)
- Messunsicherheit (3)
- Metabuilding Labs (3)
- Multi-principal element alloys (3)
- Nano aerial robot (3)
- Nanoelectronics (3)
- Nichtelektrischer Explosionsschutz (3)
- Non-destructive testing (3)
- Numerical modeling (3)
- PMD Core Ontology (3)
- Package (3)
- Phased Array (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Photophysics (3)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (3)
- Porosity (3)
- Pressure vessel (3)
- Proteins (3)
- Quantitative spectroscopy (3)
- Radiation damage (3)
- Radioaktive Stoffe (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Reference product (3)
- Reparatur (3)
- SAXS (3)
- SBFEM (3)
- Scanning electron microscopy (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Schallemissionsanalyse (3)
- Schwermetalle (3)
- SealWasteSafe (3)
- Semantic Interoperability (3)
- Semantic Web Technologies (3)
- Semiconductor quantum dot (3)
- Sensors (3)
- Shock wave generator (3)
- Sicherheit (3)
- Smart standard (3)
- Solidification cracking (3)
- Standards (3)
- Submerged arc welding (3)
- Super resolution (3)
- Surface analysis (3)
- Synchrotron (3)
- Thermografie (3)
- Thick-plate welding (3)
- Ultraschall (3)
- Uncertainty (3)
- Varestraint-Test (3)
- Wastewater-based epidemiology (3)
- White light interference microscopy (3)
- XCT (3)
- 2D materials (2)
- AFM (2)
- AI (2)
- AKR-Vermeidung (2)
- Abbildungsverfahren (2)
- Abwasser (2)
- Adsorbed Layer (2)
- Ageing Management (2)
- AlSi10Mg (2)
- Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (2)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (2)
- Auswirkungsbetrachtung (2)
- Automated synthesis (2)
- Automated workflows (2)
- Automatic Segmentation (2)
- Bahnerschütterungen (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Bayesian model updating (2)
- Beschleunigte Alterung (2)
- Beton (2)
- Betonfahrbahndecke (2)
- Bewertung (2)
- Bio-Polymers (2)
- Biorezeptivität (2)
- Black fungus (2)
- Bonding Analysis (2)
- Bouts (2)
- Brandschutz (2)
- Bridge (2)
- C-F bond activation (2)
- CLS (2)
- CNN (2)
- Calibration free (2)
- Calibration-free analysis (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Capillary waves (2)
- Carrier gas hot extraction (2)
- Ceramics (2)
- Chemically complex alloys (2)
- Cladding Embrittlement (2)
- Coherent Heterodyne (2)
- Cold cracking (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel (2)
- Computed tomography (2)
- Consequences (2)
- Construction and demolition waste (2)
- Country comparison (2)
- Creep-resistant steel (2)
- Cyclic R-curve (2)
- DLP (2)
- DMD (2)
- Dangerous goods packagings (2)
- Data Management (2)
- Data provenance (2)
- Deckschichtbildung (2)
- Deep penetration laser beam welding (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Deponie (2)
- Design methods (2)
- Digital Twin (2)
- Digital certificate (2)
- Digitaler Kalibrierschein (2)
- Digtial Representation (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Disinfection (2)
- Dissimilar metal weld (2)
- Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor (2)
- Distributed fiber sensing (2)
- Distributed robotics (2)
- Divergente Ausbildung der Wärmeeinflusszone (2)
- Domain Decomposition (2)
- Drop testing (2)
- Ductile Cast Iron (2)
- Duplex Stainless Steel (2)
- Durability (2)
- Dynamic Fracture Toughness (2)
- EBSD (2)
- EDS (2)
- ELISA (2)
- ESCA (2)
- Einsatzkräfte (2)
- Eisenaluminid (2)
- Electrical Energy Storage (2)
- Electrocatalysis (2)
- Electron-beam-induced modification (2)
- Embedded sensors (2)
- Engineered barriers (2)
- Environmental monitoring (2)
- Erneuerbare Energien (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Existing structures (2)
- Explosion safety (2)
- Explosives (2)
- Extended Interim Storage (2)
- Extremotolerance (2)
- FAIR (2)
- FEM (2)
- FIB (2)
- Fatigue crack propagation (2)
- Femtosecond laser (2)
- Ferroelektret (2)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Flame retardant (2)
- Flame retardants (2)
- Flying Spot Laser Thermography (2)
- Foundations (2)
- Fourier transforms (2)
- Fracture Toughness (2)
- Fuel cell vehicles (2)
- Functional materials (2)
- Gas detection (2)
- Gas distribution mapping (2)
- Gas tomography (2)
- Gefahrgut (2)
- Geometric Phase (2)
- Glass-ceramics (2)
- Gradient damage model (2)
- Grain refinement (2)
- Graphene (2)
- Graphene oxide (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Growth Kinetics (2)
- Guided Waves (2)
- Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit (2)
- HME (2)
- Heat accumulation (2)
- Heat treatment (2)
- Heterogeneity (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- High entropy alloys (2)
- High strength steel (2)
- High-pressure (2)
- High-throughput (2)
- Holistic experimental procedures (2)
- Hydrogen economy (2)
- ISO Guide 35 (2)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (2)
- In-situ monitoring (2)
- Ink analyses (2)
- Innenhydrophobierung (2)
- Integrated Development Environment (2)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (2)
- Ionic Liquid crystals (2)
- Isotope fractionation (2)
- Isotope ratio (2)
- Isotope reference material (2)
- KI (2)
- Knowledge Representation (2)
- Knudsen effect (2)
- Konformitätsbewertung (2)
- KorroPad (2)
- Korrosionsprüfung (2)
- Korrosionsverhalten (2)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (2)
- Kunststoffrasen (2)
- Körpermodell (2)
- LNG (2)
- LTT (Low Transformation Temperature) (2)
- Lab-on-a-chip (2)
- Lagergruppenzuordnung (2)
- Large Scale Facilities (2)
- Laser induced plasma (2)
- Laser-induced XUV spectroscopy (2)
- Lean Duplex (2)
- Leather (2)
- Leichtbau (2)
- Life Cycle Assessment (2)
- Lithium-ion batteries (2)
- Lithium-ion battery (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- MCS (2)
- MIC (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Maintenance (2)
- Material classification (2)
- Material testing (2)
- Materialeffizienz (2)
- Mechanochemical treatment (2)
- MefHySto (2)
- Metal-organic frameworks (2)
- Metrologie (2)
- Microfluidics (2)
- Microstructure characterization (2)
- Mixed gas atmosphere (2)
- Model Bias (2)
- Moisture (2)
- Moisture transport (2)
- Monopile (2)
- Monoverbrennungsanlage (2)
- Multivariate data analysis (2)
- NAP-XPS (2)
- NMR (2)
- Nano- and microsensors (2)
- Nanoconfinement (2)
- Nanomaterials (2)
- Nanoplastics (2)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (2)
- Neuronales Netzwerk (2)
- Neutron Diffraction (2)
- Neutron diffraction (2)
- Nichtrostende Stähle (2)
- Nondestructive Testing (2)
- Nuclear Fuel Cladding (2)
- Nuclear Waste (2)
- Numerical Failure Analysis (2)
- Numerical modelling (2)
- Numerical simulation (2)
- OECD (2)
- Offshore wind (2)
- Offshore wind turbines (2)
- Online-NMR-Spektroskopie (2)
- Ontologie (2)
- Open Innovation Test Bed (2)
- Oxide Glasses (2)
- PBF-LB/M (2)
- PMDco (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Particles (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Patents (2)
- Phonons (2)
- Phosphates (2)
- Physical phenomenology (2)
- Physical testing (2)
- Pile foundations (2)
- Plasma modeling (2)
- Platform MaterialDigital (2)
- Precurser (2)
- Prehydrated electron (2)
- Pressure wave (2)
- Primäres Explosionstrauma (2)
- Probability of Detection (2)
- Process Analytical Technology (2)
- Process Monitoring (2)
- Propagation (2)
- Prozessanalytik (2)
- Prüfung (2)
- Publications (2)
- Push-out Test (2)
- Quality Assurance (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Quantitative NMR (2)
- RFID (2)
- ROS (2)
- Ratiometric sensors (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Referenzmaterial (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Remediation (2)
- Renewable (2)
- Repair Welding (2)
- Repair-welding (2)
- Reproducibility (2)
- Residual Stress (2)
- Residual stresses (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Robotics (2)
- SHM (2)
- SSRT (2)
- Schienenprüfung (2)
- Schnelltest (2)
- Scicat (2)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (2)
- Semantic Representation (2)
- Sensor (2)
- Sensor network (2)
- Sensor testing (2)
- Sensorik (2)
- Sewage sludge (2)
- Shell Buckling (2)
- Short crack (2)
- Silica (2)
- Silicate Glasses (2)
- Simulation Models (2)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (2)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (2)
- Size (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (2)
- Spannungsrisskorrosion (2)
- Spent Fuel Characterization (2)
- Spent Nuclear Fuel (2)
- Statistik (2)
- Strahlenschutz (2)
- Stress relief cracking (2)
- Sulfide (2)
- Surface Group Analysis (2)
- Surface group analysis (2)
- Surface waves (2)
- Sustainable (2)
- Synthetic Training Data (2)
- TEM (2)
- TOPAS-nBio (2)
- Technological innovation system (2)
- Technological innovation system (TIS) (2)
- Technology interaction (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Tests (2)
- Thermal Runaway (2)
- Thermal cycles (2)
- Thermoakustik (2)
- Thermoanalytical methods (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Thermodynamische Simulation (2)
- Thin Films (2)
- Tomography (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Transmission electron microscopy (2)
- Transparent Conductive Oxides (2)
- Transparent ceramics (2)
- Transportklassifizierung (2)
- Ultraschallprüfung (2)
- Ultraschallwandler (2)
- Ultrasonic Guided Waves (2)
- Uncertainty Quantification (2)
- Upconversion nanocrystal (2)
- VOC (2)
- Validation (2)
- Varestraint (2)
- Variational Multiscale Method (2)
- Vor-Ort-Analytik (2)
- WWTP (2)
- Waschmaschine (2)
- Wasserstoffspeicher (2)
- Wasserstofftechnologien (2)
- Werkzeuglebensdauer (2)
- Wiederkehrende Prüfung (2)
- Wind Energy (2)
- Wind energy (2)
- Wind turbine rotor blades (2)
- Windenergie (2)
- Wirksumme (2)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (2)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- X-ray imaging (2)
- XANES (2)
- XPS (2)
- XRF (2)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (2)
- ZCF (2)
- ZIF-8 (2)
- Zitronensäure (2)
- Zugversuch (2)
- mTBI (2)
- pH sensing (2)
- (U)HMWPE (1)
- 100Cr6 (1)
- 1H NMR relaxometry (1)
- 2-span bridge (1)
- 2D flakes (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D Reconstruction (1)
- 3D concrete printing (1)
- 3D materialography (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 3D-Laserscanning (1)
- 3DCP (1)
- 9–12%Cr steel (1)
- AAM (1)
- ABS (1)
- ADR (1)
- AF4 (1)
- AGIL (1)
- AISI 316L (1)
- AMR (1)
- ANAKON (1)
- ATEX rules (1)
- ATR Anerkanntes Technisches Regelwerk (1)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abschirmung (1)
- Acceleration sensors (1)
- Accidential Fire (1)
- Accidents (1)
- Achsimpulse (1)
- Acids (1)
- Acoustic sensing (1)
- Adaptive functions (1)
- Additive (1)
- Additive manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Adhesive Bonding (1)
- Adiabatic shear bands (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Advanced Manufacturing (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced materials (1)
- Akkreditierung (1)
- Alite (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alternative Antriebe (1)
- Alternative Dichtheitsprüfverfahren (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Alterungs- und Schädigungsprozesse (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Ammonia (1)
- Ammonia safety (1)
- Amorphous silica particles (1)
- Amperometry (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical techniques (1)
- Angle of repose (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimicrobial coating (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Antioxydant (1)
- Arbeitsschutz (1)
- Arc welding (1)
- Archéométrie (1)
- Artefakte (1)
- Artificial seawater (1)
- Asphalt (1)
- Atmosphere (1)
- Atmospheric conditions (1)
- Atmosphäre (1)
- Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (1)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Atomic weights (1)
- Atomistic model (1)
- Atomistic models (1)
- Audit (1)
- Aufgelöste Tragstrukturen (1)
- Auflösung (1)
- Aufmischung (1)
- Auftragschweißen (1)
- Auge (1)
- Auswirkungsbetrachtungen (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated welding (1)
- Axle-sequence spectrum (1)
- BAM Academy (1)
- BAM-GGR 023 (1)
- BAMline (1)
- BEV (1)
- BLEVE (1)
- BOFS (1)
- BOS (1)
- Base isolation (1)
- Baugrunddynamik (1)
- Bauhaus (1)
- Baustähle (1)
- Bauteile (1)
- Bauteilversuch (1)
- Bauwerksmonitoring (1)
- Bayes (1)
- Bayesian Optimization (1)
- Befeuchtungsdauer (1)
- Beförderung (1)
- Behälterversagen (1)
- Bench-scale testing (1)
- Berufsgenossenschaft (1)
- Bescheide (1)
- Beschichtungssysteme (1)
- Bestimmungsgemäßer Gebrauch im Explosionsschutz (1)
- Bestimmungsgemäßer Gebrauch im explosionsgefährdeten Bereich (1)
- Betonfahbahndeckentexturen (1)
- Beulen (1)
- Bimetallkorroison (1)
- Binder Jetting (1)
- Bingham Fluid (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Biobased polymers (1)
- Bioceramic (1)
- Biochar (1)
- Biodegradable polymers (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Biokohle (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosensors (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Blast experiment (1)
- Blast tests (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Bonds (1)
- Brandverhalten (1)
- Brandversuch (1)
- Brexit (1)
- Bridge Monitoring (1)
- Bridge monitoring (1)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Brominated flame retardant (1)
- Brownsche Molekularbewegung (1)
- Bruchmechanik (1)
- Brücke (1)
- Brücken (1)
- Brückenmonitoring (1)
- Build direction (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Burning behavior (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CComposite overwrapped pressure vessels (1)
- CDW recycling (1)
- CFD computational fluid dynamic (1)
- COPV (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CSR (1)
- CT (1)
- CUSP (1)
- CWI (1)
- Calcium hypophosphite (1)
- Calcium sulfates (1)
- Calibration-free LIBS (1)
- Capacitively coupled discharge (1)
- Capillary suction (1)
- Capillary transport coefficient (1)
- Carbon Electrodes (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Cars (1)
- Casting (1)
- Cell Exchange (1)
- Certificaion Schemes and Labels (1)
- Certification (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Charring (1)
- Cheese (1)
- Chemical Analysis (1)
- Chemical Bonds (1)
- Chemical bonding (1)
- Chemical warfare agents (1)
- Chemisoprtion (1)
- Chemometric analysis (1)
- Chunky graphite (1)
- Chunky-Graphit (1)
- Circular economy action plan (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Cladding (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Cleavage fracture (1)
- Clinker reduction, carbon emission (1)
- Clinker substitute (1)
- Co-segregation (1)
- Coda (1)
- Coda wave interferometry (1)
- Cohesive Zone Modelling (1)
- Cold (1)
- Cold cracking safety (1)
- Colorimetric sensor particles (1)
- Component Assessment (1)
- Component assessment (1)
- Component test (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Compression set (1)
- Computed Tomography (1)
- Computer Vision (1)
- Concrete Modeling (1)
- Consequneces (1)
- Container loading (1)
- Conventional isotope ratio (1)
- Conventional isotope ratios (1)
- Copper (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (1)
- Coronavirus (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Correlative imaging (1)
- Corrosion Protection (1)
- Counting detector (1)
- Coupling (1)
- Cr(III) complex (1)
- Crack Luminescence (1)
- Crack closure (1)
- Crack propagation (1)
- Crack-detection algorithms (1)
- Creep anisotropy (1)
- Creep data (1)
- Crygenic (1)
- Cryoegenic storage vessel (1)
- Crystal branch development (1)
- Crystal plasticity (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Curse tablets (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyro storage tanks (1)
- DCC (1)
- DCNNs (1)
- DEA (1)
- DELFIN (1)
- DET (1)
- DIN (1)
- DLS (1)
- DMAS (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DSB (1)
- Damage Detection (1)
- Damage detection (1)
- Damage localization (1)
- Data (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data Interoperability (1)
- Data analytics (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data mapping (1)
- Data pipelines (1)
- Data space (1)
- Data stewartship (1)
- Data-supported assessment (1)
- Database (1)
- Database for Analyzing (1)
- Dataspace (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenbank (1)
- Datenerfassung (1)
- Debye-Waller-Faktor (1)
- Deckschichten (1)
- Deckschichtwiderstand (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Defect Detection (1)
- Defect detection (1)
- Defekte (1)
- Demonstration (1)
- Denkmalpflege (1)
- Denoising Deblurring Sharpening (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Density-based phase-field modelling (1)
- Dental (1)
- Deschichtwiderstand (1)
- Desinfektion (1)
- Detector deadtime (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffraction methods (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Diffusion multiples (1)
- Digital Calibration Certificate (1)
- Digital Certificates (1)
- Digital I-OFDR (1)
- Digital Image Correlation (DIC) (1)
- Digital Traceability (1)
- Digital image correlation (DIC) (1)
- Digital light processing (1)
- Digital quality infrastructure (1)
- Digital twin (1)
- Digitale Bildkorrelation (DIC) (1)
- Digitale Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Digitaler Produktpass DPP (1)
- Digitaler Reifegrad (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Discharge (1)
- Dislocation cross slip (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Distriubuted polymer optical fiber sensor (1)
- Double-multilayer monochromators (1)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (1)
- Drinking water installations (1)
- Dripping (1)
- Driving physical mechanism (1)
- Drogen (1)
- Drone (1)
- Druckgaspackungen (1)
- Druckgefäße (1)
- Druckspeicher (1)
- Dual Purpose Cask (1)
- Dual mode detector (1)
- Duktiles Gusseisen (1)
- Dummy (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Durchschlagfestigkeit (1)
- Dyad molecules (1)
- Dynamic soil properties (1)
- Dynamic structural response (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamische Beanspruchung (1)
- Dynamische Bodenkennwerte (1)
- Dynamische Bruchzähigkeit (1)
- Dünger (1)
- Dünne Schichten (1)
- EA4T railway axle steel (1)
- EMPIR (1)
- EN AW-2618A (1)
- ESI-MS (1)
- EU project ODYSSEUS (1)
- Early-life overstress (1)
- Earth (1)
- Earth masonry (1)
- Eddy Current (1)
- Eddy current (1)
- Education (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Einflussparameter (1)
- Elastische Gleiselemente (1)
- Elastische Konstanten (1)
- Electrical Properties (1)
- Electrical properties (1)
- Electroanalysis (1)
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (1)
- Electrochemical Titration (1)
- Electrochemical detection (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (1)
- Elektrische Energiespeicher (1)
- Elektrochemische Korrosion (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) (1)
- Elektrostatische Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Embedded fiber optic sensor (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission reference material (1)
- Emission reference materials (1)
- Emission spectroscopy (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Encre (1)
- End-of-life decision making (1)
- Energy carrier (1)
- Energy deposit (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Engineered Nanomaterials (1)
- Engineered living materials (1)
- Engineered nanomaterials (1)
- Entflammbarkeit (1)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (1)
- Environmental pollutants (1)
- Equivalent Electrical Circuits (1)
- Erdgas (1)
- Ermüdungsfestigkeit (1)
- Erschütterungsminderung (1)
- Erschütterungsprognose (1)
- Etching (1)
- European Metrology Network (EMN) (1)
- Europäische Kommission (1)
- Evaporite rock (1)
- Experimental data (1)
- Experimental data to trustworthy (1)
- Explicit Dynamics (1)
- Explosion protection (1)
- Explosionsschutz (1)
- Explosionszonen (1)
- Extended Storage (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- FAIR Data Management (1)
- FAIR data (1)
- FSI (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabrication method (1)
- Fading suppression (1)
- Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Boden-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Fahrzeugbrand (1)
- Failure Assessment Diagram (1)
- Faked research (1)
- Farbmittel (1)
- Farbstoffe (1)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (1)
- Faseroptik (1)
- Faseroptische Sensorik (1)
- Fassade (1)
- Fast Scanning Calorimetry (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fatigue life (1)
- Fatigue limit (1)
- Fatigue strength (1)
- Fatigue threshold (1)
- Façade (1)
- Fe-Al alloys (1)
- Fehlerquellen (1)
- Fehlervermeidung (1)
- Feldintegration (1)
- Feldspar (1)
- Ferngasleitung (1)
- Ferritic spheroidal (1)
- Ferritic steel (1)
- Fertigung (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Feuerverzinkt (1)
- Feuerverzinkter Stahl (1)
- Feuerwerk (1)
- Feuerwiderstand (1)
- Fibers of textile origin (1)
- Field integration (1)
- Filler wire mixing (1)
- Final repository Konrad (1)
- Finite Element Analysis (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Fire Reference Test (1)
- Fire Testing (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Fire resistance (1)
- Fire scenario (1)
- Fire test (1)
- Fireworks (1)
- Flame inhibition (1)
- Flame retardancy concepts (1)
- Flammability (1)
- Flammability classification (1)
- Flammschutz (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Flexible electronics (1)
- Flexible sensors (1)
- Fließfähigkeit (1)
- Floors (1)
- Flow properties (1)
- Flowability (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluorescent indicator (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluorezsenz (1)
- Flying line thermography (1)
- Food analysis (1)
- Footbridge (1)
- Force reconstruction (1)
- Forschungsbedarfe (1)
- Forschungsförderung (1)
- Forschungsnetzwerk Wasserstoff (1)
- Foundation load (1)
- Fourier Transform (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fractography (1)
- Fracture Surface Analysis (1)
- Fracture toughness (1)
- Fraktographie (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Free electron laser (FEL) (1)
- Freight train (1)
- Frequency response function (1)
- Friction (1)
- Friction stir welding (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full field measurements (1)
- Full-field measurements (1)
- Full-scale (1)
- Functional safety (1)
- Functionalized Nanomaterials (1)
- Functionalized silica and polymeric particles (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Funktionalisierung (1)
- Fusion welding (1)
- GC/ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- GGBFS (1)
- GMR (1)
- GVP (1)
- Galvanische Anoden (1)
- Galvanische Korrosion (1)
- Galvanotechnik (1)
- Gas cylinders (1)
- Gas release (1)
- Gas sensor (1)
- Gasausbreitung (1)
- Gasdruckprüfung (1)
- Gasturbines (1)
- Gaswolkenexplosion (1)
- Gaussian Process (1)
- Gefahrguteinstufung (1)
- Gefahrgutregel Transport kritische Batterien (1)
- Gefahrgutverpackungen (1)
- Gefahrstoffe (1)
- Gefahrstoffverordnung (1)
- Gene network (1)
- Genizah du Caire (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Geological Storage (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Gesteinskörnungen (1)
- GlasDigital (1)
- Glass Fibres (1)
- Glass melting (1)
- Glass transition (1)
- Gleiströge (1)
- Global Optimization (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Grabenkorrosion (1)
- Gradient-Damage (1)
- Gradient-enhanced damage (1)
- Graduate School (1)
- Grain boundaries (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Graphene oxide flakes (1)
- Graphite cast iron (1)
- Graphitentartung (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Green deal (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenwashing (1)
- Grinding (1)
- Grooving (1)
- Grooving corrosion (1)
- Ground granulated blast furnace slag (1)
- Ground robot (1)
- Ground vibration (1)
- Großversuch (1)
- Größe (1)
- Größenbestimmung (1)
- Grüneisen parameter (1)
- Guide (1)
- Guided waves (1)
- Guideline (1)
- Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit GJS (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- H2Hohlzug (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HAZ-softening (1)
- HEA (1)
- HF-shuttle (1)
- HIP (1)
- HNBR (1)
- HRMS (1)
- HSCC (1)
- Handheld device (1)
- Handheld sensors (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Hard magnetic materials (1)
- Hard magnets (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Harmonisation in microplastics (1)
- Hausner ratio (1)
- Heat Treatments (1)
- Heat control (1)
- Heat flow calorimetry (1)
- Heat treatments (1)
- Heating rate (1)
- Heißrisse (1)
- Herausforderungen beim Schweißen hochfester FKB (1)
- Heterogeneous ageing (1)
- High resolution (1)
- High strength AlMgSi aluminium alloys (1)
- High temperature alloys (1)
- High temperature mechanical properties (1)
- High-power laser (1)
- High-resolution camera (1)
- High-rise buildings (1)
- High-speed train (1)
- High-strength (1)
- High-strength Steels (1)
- High-strength filler metals (1)
- High-strength structural steel (1)
- High-throughput measurements (1)
- Hochdruck (1)
- Hochentropiewerkstoff (1)
- Hochfester vergüteter Feinkornbaustahl (1)
- Hochspannungsprüfung (1)
- Holistic experiment approaches (1)
- Holistic science (1)
- Hollow specimen (1)
- Hollow tensile specimen (1)
- Hollow-specimen (1)
- Home-made-explosives (HME) (1)
- Homemade explosives (1)
- Hoses (1)
- Hybrid cement (1)
- Hybrid components (1)
- Hybrid part (1)
- Hybrid repair (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydration (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Hydride formation (1)
- Hydrogen Infrastructure (1)
- Hydrogen Metrology (1)
- Hydrogen Purity (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen enhanced vacancy formation (1)
- Hydrogen gas sensor (1)
- Hydrogen market (1)
- Hydrogen measurement (1)
- Hydrogen refueling station (1)
- Hydrogen release (1)
- Hydrogen safety (1)
- Hydrogen sensors (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogen technology (1)
- Hyper-arid (1)
- IAEA (1)
- IEC (1)
- ILC (1)
- ILC on detection methods (1)
- IN738LC (1)
- IRHD (1)
- ISO (1)
- ISO 16103 (1)
- ISO 3821 (1)
- ISO 9223 (1)
- ISO/TC 202 (1)
- Ignition source (1)
- Ignition sources (1)
- Ignition temperature (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image manipulation (1)
- Image-based models (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Impact target (1)
- Imperfektion (1)
- In Situ (1)
- In situ Raman (1)
- In situ monitoring (1)
- In-service (1)
- In-situ sensing (1)
- In-space manufacturing (1)
- Incineration bottom ash (1)
- Indikatorfreisetzung (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industry 4.0 (1)
- Inertial interaction (1)
- Infractstructure (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Inspeciton (1)
- Instrument automation (1)
- Instrument performance validation (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Integrating sphere spectroscopy (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparisons (1)
- Inter-robot measurements (1)
- Interatomic potentials (1)
- Interface Strength (1)
- Interferences (1)
- Interlaboratory Comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparisons (1)
- Intermetallics (1)
- Internal Standard (1)
- Internal combustion engines (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Introduction (1)
- Intumescent coating (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Ionization (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ionothermal Template Transformation (1)
- Iron aluminides (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isotope delta (1)
- Isotope dilution (1)
- Isotope mixtures (1)
- Isotopenanalyse (1)
- Jacket foundations (1)
- Jacket support structure (1)
- Japanese-German energy partnership (1)
- Joined nickel-based alloys (1)
- Joining (1)
- Junge GfKORR (1)
- KICstartH2 (1)
- Kaltrissbildung (1)
- Katastrophe (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Keyhole collapse (1)
- Keyhole dynamics (1)
- Keyhole porosity (1)
- Kinematic interaction (1)
- Kissing Bonds (1)
- Klebebänder (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Klärschlamm (1)
- Knowledge graph (1)
- Konsequenzbegrenzung (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- KorroPad Prüfverfahren (1)
- Korrosivität (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- L-phenylalanin (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- LLB (1)
- LTT (1)
- Labels (1)
- Laboratory experiments (1)
- Laboratory management (1)
- Laboratory methodology (1)
- Laboratory organization (1)
- Laboratory specimens (1)
- Lagerung (1)
- Large-scale processing (1)
- Large-scale production (1)
- Laser Doppler Vibrometer (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M, L-PBF) (1)
- Laser diffraction (1)
- Laser energy absorption (1)
- Laser energy distribution (1)
- Laser induced XUV spectroscopy (1)
- Laser welding (1)
- Laser-based powder bed fusion of metal (PBF-LB/M) (1)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (1)
- Laser-induced amorphization (1)
- Laser-induzierte Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Lateral Flow Assay (1)
- Lateral Flow Assays (1)
- Lateral flow assays (1)
- Lattice structure (1)
- Layer depostion (1)
- Layered soil (1)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leakage (1)
- Lebensdauerüberwachung (1)
- Lebenslaufakte (1)
- Leckdetektion (1)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnung (1)
- Leichte Gesteinskörnungen (1)
- Leichtmörtel (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li-ion battery (1)
- Lichtstreuung (1)
- Life cycle assessment (1)
- Lifetime standard (1)
- Ligands (1)
- Lightweight aggregates (1)
- Lightweight concrete (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Liquified hydrogen (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Lithium Ion Cells (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Batterie (1)
- Lithium-Ionen-Batterien (1)
- Lithiumbatterien (1)
- Live Demonstration (1)
- LoRaWAN (1)
- Load Test (1)
- Localized model order reduction (1)
- Low energy electrons (1)
- Low-cost (1)
- Lubricants (1)
- Lubrication (1)
- Luftqualität (1)
- Luftultraschall (1)
- Löschwasser (1)
- MAG welding (1)
- MIP (1)
- MOF composite (1)
- MRI (1)
- Magnesium chloride (1)
- Magnetic field (1)
- Magnetic sensors (1)
- Maintal Bridge Gemuenden (1)
- Management (1)
- Management system (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Manuscrits (1)
- Manuskripte (1)
- Marine Corrosion (1)
- Markthochlauf (1)
- Martensitstarttemperatur (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Masonry rubble (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Master Curve (1)
- Master Curve Concept (1)
- Master Curve Method (1)
- Master Curve-Konzept (1)
- MatCom (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- MaterialDigital (1)
- Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Materialcharakterisierung (1)
- Materialkompatibilität (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials Informatics (1)
- Materials Properties (1)
- Materials Understanding (1)
- Materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Materials emissions test (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Matrix separation (1)
- Mauerwerkbruch (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Measurement science (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Measurements (1)
- Mechanical sparks (1)
- Mechanical testing (1)
- Mechanische Eigenschaften (1)
- Mechanische Funken (1)
- Mechanische Zündquellen (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Medium entopy alloy (1)
- Medizinische Anwendung (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Melt pool dinamics (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Mesh Convergence (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Messtechnik (1)
- Messung (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metadata collection (1)
- Metadata schema (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-Organic Framework (1)
- Metallography (1)
- Metallschichten (1)
- Metallschutzgasschweißen (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Metrics-driven science (1)
- Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung (1)
- Metrologische Rückführbarkeit (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry (1)
- Mg alloys (1)
- Micro- and Nanoplastics (1)
- Microalloying influences (1)
- Microanalysis (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbeam Analysis (1)
- Microbeam analysis (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microgravity (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Microplastic fibre release (1)
- Microplastic mass (1)
- Microplastic reference materials (1)
- Microplastics standardisation (1)
- Microstructure Evolution (1)
- Microstructure design (1)
- Microstructure-property-correlation (1)
- Microwave inductively coupled atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (MICAP-MS) (1)
- Mid-Level Ontology for MSE (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikrofluidik (1)
- Mikroorganismen (1)
- Mikrostruktur (1)
- Milling (1)
- Mineralwolle (1)
- Misuse of explosives (1)
- Mobile Robot Olfaction (1)
- Mobile robot olfaction (1)
- Mobilitätskonzepte (1)
- Mock-up (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Modal load spectrum (1)
- Modal system identification (1)
- Mode of action (1)
- Model Order Reduction (1)
- Model calibration (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Model updating (1)
- Modifizierter Sprühlichtbogen (1)
- ModuH2Pipe (1)
- ModuH2Pipe@BAM (1)
- Modular Production (1)
- Moisture measurement techniques (1)
- Molecular Mobility (1)
- Molecular diffusion (1)
- Molecularly imprinted polymers (1)
- Molten pool (1)
- Monopiles (1)
- Monoverbrennung (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Mortar method (1)
- Movin load test (1)
- Moyen-âge (1)
- Multi-element analysis (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-scale (1)
- Multicolored (1)
- Multidimensional hydrogen technology adoption (1)
- Multiphoton Lithography (1)
- Multiphoton lithography (1)
- Multiple-principal element alloy (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multiscale Method (1)
- Multiscale method (1)
- Multiscale simulation (1)
- Muon tomography (1)
- Museum Pests (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- NDE (1)
- NDT4.0 (1)
- NMR Accreditation (1)
- NMR Validation (1)
- NMR relaxometry (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NTE (1)
- Nachbearbeitung (1)
- Nano material (1)
- Nano-assemblies (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- NanoSolveIT (1)
- Nanoanalysis (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanocrystals (1)
- Nanomanufacturing (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanoparticle concentration (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanoscale measurements (1)
- Nanosilver (1)
- Nanostructure investigation (1)
- Nanostructures (1)
- Native oxide layer (1)
- Natural (1)
- Natural gas (1)
- Negative charged microparticle (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Netzwerkbildung (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neutralammoniumcitrat (1)
- Neutralammoniumnitrat (1)
- Neutronenbeugung (1)
- Nichtelektrische Zündquellen (1)
- Nitrogen plasma (1)
- Noise (1)
- Non destructive testing and evaluation (1)
- Non-Destructive Evaluation (1)
- Non-approved (1)
- Non-classical crystallization theory (1)
- Normungsauftrag (1)
- Normungsroadmap (1)
- Notched impact strength (1)
- Novel applications (1)
- Nuclear (1)
- Nuclear fuel (1)
- Nucleation (1)
- Numerical Simulation (1)
- Numerical analysis (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- O3BET (1)
- OECD TG 125 (1)
- OH (1)
- OH radical (1)
- Observing temperatur (1)
- Octrees (1)
- Offshore Wind energy (1)
- Offshore Windenergie (1)
- Offshore wind energy (1)
- Offshore wind turbine (1)
- Offshore wind-turbine foundations (1)
- Olivine (1)
- Online Monitoring (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online quality control (1)
- Online-Monitoring (1)
- Operational modal analysis (1)
- Optical Spectroscopy (1)
- Optical assays (1)
- Optical measurements (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Oscillating magnetic field (1)
- Oscillating vapor plume (1)
- Overhaul (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Oxygen sensing (1)
- P-Rückgewinnung (1)
- PA6.6 (1)
- PAG (1)
- PARCI-MS (1)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (1)
- PBF/LB-M (1)
- PES (1)
- PH probe (1)
- PPA (1)
- PREN (1)
- Paper mills (1)
- Papier (1)
- Papierasche (1)
- Parametric modeling (1)
- Particle Synthesis (1)
- Particle scattering (1)
- Particle scattering simulations (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Partikelgrößenbestimmung (1)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (1)
- Partikelkonzentration (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Passenger train (1)
- Passive Smart Dust (1)
- Passivität (1)
- Periodic solidification pattern (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pfahlfußbeulen (1)
- PhD training (1)
- Phase Separation (1)
- Phase analysis (1)
- Phase field modeling (1)
- Phase transitions (1)
- Phase-Field Simulation (1)
- Phase-field Simulation (1)
- Phased Array Technik (1)
- Photothermal (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Physics-informed Neural Network (1)
- Physisorption (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pile Buckling (1)
- Pile Tip Buckling (1)
- Pile groups (1)
- Pitfalls (1)
- Planetary surface (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma reheating (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- PlasticEurope (1)
- Plume (1)
- Policies (1)
- Policy making (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Poly(lactides) (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyethylen (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer Matrix Composite (1)
- Polymer size (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (1)
- Polymorphy (1)
- Pore solution composition (1)
- Porosity prediction (1)
- Poröse Granulate (1)
- Position detection (1)
- Post processing heat treatment (1)
- Potentialmessung (1)
- Powder deposition (1)
- Powders (1)
- Power electronics (1)
- Practical application (1)
- Preciptiates (1)
- Predictive maintenance (1)
- Preparation of HME (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Primary blast injury (1)
- Primäre Explosionswirkung (1)
- Probabilistic (1)
- Probabilistic Assessment (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probabilistik (1)
- Probe (1)
- Probenfertigung (1)
- Probengeometrie (1)
- Process Simulation (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process parameter optimization (1)
- Product labelling (1)
- Produkteffizienz (1)
- Programming (1)
- Propagation testing (1)
- Protective layer (1)
- Proton conductivity (1)
- Provenance (1)
- Prozessindustrie (1)
- Prüflaboratorien (1)
- Prüfmethode (1)
- Prüfverfahren (1)
- Pulver (1)
- Pump-probe (1)
- Purity (1)
- Pyrotechnics (1)
- QHA (1)
- QI Digital (1)
- Quadtree (1)
- Quality Management (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Quantitative Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Quantitative Risikoanalyse (1)
- Quantum Yields (1)
- Quantum chemical bonding analysis (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Querzugversuch (1)
- REACH (1)
- RF-LIBS combination (1)
- RFA (1)
- Radar (1)
- Radiadion damage (1)
- Radiation therapy (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radioactive material (1)
- Radioactive waste (1)
- Radiolysis (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Radon Transformation (1)
- Railbridge (1)
- Railway (1)
- Railway bridge (1)
- Railway tracks (1)
- Railway tunnel (1)
- Rainfall simulator (1)
- Rapid phase transition (1)
- Rapid testing (1)
- Ray tracing (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reactive extrusion (1)
- Reaktives Brandschutzsystem (1)
- Rechtssetzung (1)
- Recognition (1)
- Recycling-Kunststoffe (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Reduced Order Model (1)
- Reduced order modelling (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Referenzdaten (1)
- Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Reflected pressure (1)
- Regelwerke (1)
- Regelwerksentwicklung (1)
- Regional workshop (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulations (1)
- Reinforcement (1)
- Reinforcing steel (1)
- Rekonstruktion (1)
- Reliabiilty (1)
- Reliability assessment (1)
- Repair (1)
- Repair mortar (1)
- Repair of sandwich shell structures (1)
- Repowering (1)
- Representative Specimens (1)
- Representative specimens (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research ethics (1)
- Research fraud (1)
- Residual Stresses (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resources from waste streams (1)
- Ressourceneffizienz (1)
- Review (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Ringversuch P-Gehalt in Klärschlamm (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Risk-based maintenance planning (1)
- Risks (1)
- Riss (1)
- Rissentwicklung (1)
- Road bridges (1)
- Roboter (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotic-supported synthesis (1)
- Rohstoffliches Recycling (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Round Robin Data (1)
- RunDeck (1)
- Röntgen-Refraktion (1)
- Röntgenspektroskopie (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen (1)
- Rührreibschweißen (1)
- SEA (1)
- SHPB (1)
- SMPS (1)
- SPE (1)
- SPM (1)
- SSB (1)
- SWIR (1)
- Saccharide sensing (1)
- Safe-by-Design (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Safety in technology and chemistry (1)
- Safety measures (1)
- Salt concrete (1)
- Salt solution (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sbfem (1)
- Scanning electron microscope (1)
- Scanning probe measurements (1)
- Schadenverhütung (1)
- Schallemission (1)
- Schutzwirkung (1)
- Schwebstoffe (1)
- Schweißen von hochfesten FKB (1)
- Schweißnaht (1)
- Schweißverbindung (1)
- Schwer spanbar (1)
- Schwer zerspanbare Werkstoffe (1)
- Schädigungscharakterisierung (1)
- Schädling (1)
- Schüttgüter (1)
- Schüttwinkel (1)
- Scientific misconduct (1)
- Seal (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Secondary hazard (1)
- Security (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Seismic measurements (1)
- Seismology (1)
- Selbstentzündung (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (1)
- Selektion (1)
- Self-driving-labs (1)
- Semantic Interioerability (1)
- Semantic Segmentation (1)
- Sensing node (1)
- Sensor Placement (1)
- Sensor molecules (1)
- Sensornetzwerk (1)
- Setup and Validation (1)
- Shielding gas (1)
- SiO2 (1)
- Sicherheit von Wasserstofftechnologien (1)
- Sicherheitsmanagement (1)
- Sift-proofness (1)
- Silica and Polystyrene Particles (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silver artefacts (1)
- Simulation and experiment (1)
- Simulation models and Standards (1)
- Simulations (1)
- Single Cell (1)
- Site-characterization (1)
- Skilled workers (1)
- Slow strain tensile tests (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Smart geosynthetics (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Smoke (1)
- Sodium ion battery (1)
- Sodium-ion-batteries (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil Struture Interaction (1)
- Soil-Structure-Interaction (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-pile interaction (1)
- Soil-structure interaction (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Solid microanalysis (1)
- Sorption isotherm (1)
- Sorption theory (1)
- Spannbeton (1)
- Spanndrahtbruchdetektion (1)
- Spannstahl (1)
- Spannstahlbruch (1)
- Spectroscopic and imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Speziierungsanalyse (1)
- Split Hopkinson bar (1)
- Sprengversuche (1)
- Spritzbeton (1)
- Sprödbruch (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Stahlbau (1)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Start-up (1)
- Stationäre Energiespeicher (1)
- Statistical correlations (1)
- Statistische Korrelationen (1)
- Steel pipes (1)
- Steelmaking slag (1)
- Strain detection (1)
- Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structural build-up (1)
- Structural dynamics (1)
- Structural integrity (1)
- Structural integrity management (1)
- Structural response (1)
- Structure (1)
- Struvite (1)
- Study (1)
- Störgrößen (1)
- Stützeffekte (1)
- Substructures (1)
- Subsurface (1)
- Surface Energy (1)
- Surface Modification (1)
- Surface analysis, (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surface integrity (1)
- Surface-tunnel reduction (1)
- Surfaces (1)
- Sustainability Assessments (1)
- Sustainable Route (1)
- Sustainable-by-Design (1)
- Swarm (1)
- Symmetric dwell periods (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron CT (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Synergism (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthesis library (1)
- System identification (1)
- TDLAS (1)
- TEKKEN Test (1)
- TNT/PETN - Equivalent (1)
- TOPAS-nbio (1)
- TRGS (1)
- TTS (1)
- Tank (1)
- Target (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe (1)
- Technologietransfer (1)
- Temperature calibration (1)
- Temperature dependent absorption (1)
- Temperature driven process (1)
- Tensile Test (1)
- Tensile Test Ontology (1)
- Tensile data (1)
- Tensile performance (1)
- Tensile properties (1)
- Terminology (1)
- Termite (1)
- Test area hydrogen safety (1)
- Test guideline (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Test strips (1)
- Testing (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Textile company (1)
- Texture (1)
- Thermal desorption analysis (1)
- Thermal history (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermo-optical measurement (1)
- Thermoanalytics (1)
- Thermodynamic Properties (1)
- Thermoelectric materials (1)
- Thermoelectrics (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (1)
- Thick-walled steel (1)
- Thin films (1)
- Thin polymer films (1)
- Thixotropy (1)
- Thoughness (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (1)
- TiAl64V (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved scattering (1)
- Tip Buckling (1)
- Titration (1)
- Tool wear (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Toxic industrial chemicals (1)
- Trace detection (1)
- Traffic monitoring (1)
- TransHyDE (1)
- Transfer fuction (1)
- Transformation of LNG terminals (1)
- Transport Package (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Traumatic brain injury (1)
- Tribology (1)
- Trinkwasserinstallation (1)
- Trockenschleifen (1)
- Trustworthy Hydrogen (1)
- Trustworthy hydrogen (1)
- Trägergasheißextraktion (1)
- Tubular specimen technique (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Tunnelstrecke (1)
- Two-photon polymerisatio (1)
- Type A package (1)
- UHPC (1)
- UKCA (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- Ultrafast laser processing (1)
- Ultrafine particles (1)
- Ultrakurze Laserpulse (1)
- Ultrakurzpulslaser (1)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (1)
- Ultrasonic (1)
- Ultrasonic assisted milling (1)
- Ultrasonic guided waves (1)
- Ultrasonic imaging (1)
- Ultrasonic structure-scanner (1)
- Umgebungseinflüsse (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umwelteinflüsse (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Underwater Tests (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Upconversation nanocrystal (1)
- Varestraint test (1)
- Verarbeitung (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Vermeidung der Elementbildung (1)
- Verschlussbauwerke (1)
- Verteilte faseroptische akustische Sensorik (1)
- Verwaltungsschale (1)
- Vessels (1)
- Vibration analysis (1)
- Vibration measurements (1)
- Vibrations (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Viscoplasticity (1)
- Vitrimer (1)
- Vitrimers (1)
- WAAM (1)
- WAXD (1)
- WAXS (1)
- WEZ Aufhärtung (1)
- WEZ Erweichung (1)
- Washing machine (1)
- Wasserstoff-Sicherheit (1)
- Wasserstoffdruckbehälter (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wasserstoffsicherheit (1)
- Wasserstofftransport in Pipelines (1)
- Wasserstoffunterstütze Kaltrissbildung (1)
- Wasserzeichen (1)
- Water-structure interaction (1)
- Wave-defect interaction (1)
- Wear (1)
- Weld pool dynamics (1)
- Weldments (1)
- Werkstatt (1)
- Werkstoffauswahl (1)
- Wide bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wiederverwertung (1)
- Wind (1)
- Wind turbine blade (1)
- Wind turbine blades (1)
- Wind turbines (1)
- Wind-farm aerodynamics (1)
- Windenergie anlage rotorblätte (1)
- Windenergie anlage rotorblätter (1)
- Windenergy (1)
- Wirbelstromprüfung (1)
- Wire arc additive manufacturing (1)
- Wood (1)
- Workshop (1)
- Wärmeeinflusszone (1)
- X-Ray Diffraction (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Refaction radiography (1)
- X-ray refraction radiography (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- XRD (1)
- XUV scattering (1)
- Xray (1)
- Zahn (1)
- Zementersatz (1)
- Zertifizierung (1)
- Zertifizierungsstellen (1)
- Zirkuläre Wirtschaft (1)
- Zivile Sicherheitsforschung (1)
- Zugversuchsontologie (1)
- Zulassung (1)
- Zustandsüberwachung (1)
- Zustimmung (1)
- Zündquellen (1)
- antibodies (1)
- ceramic (1)
- dXCT (1)
- dental (1)
- eAttestation (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- graphene related 2D materials (1)
- i-TRIBOMAT (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- modulare Pipelineanlage (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- nPSize (1)
- nichtrostende Stähle (1)
- pV-Produkt (1)
- qNMR (1)
- zerstreute Achslastimpulse (1)
- zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
- Überblick (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (150)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (147)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (130)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (126)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (88)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (85)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (67)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (64)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (61)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (52)
Blast injuries are among the most common injuries in military operations. Also, in civilian environments, more explosive threats are expected in the future due to emerging conflicts and threats. While the effect of fragments, which is classified as secondary blast injury, could be minimized by police and military personnel’s modern ballistic body protection systems, the effects of shock wave propagation in the body as part of the primary explosion trauma still remain a serious threat needing further research.
The detonation-physical processes of highly dynamic pressure changes within the human body, the reflection-related amplification of shock waves at organ-dermis interfaces, and the consequences of injury mechanisms have become more prominent in international research. Various approaches have been used to investigate these aspects. Animal experiments on free field test sites or shock tube setups combined with a subsequent biological evaluation and numerical simulations provided promising results and allowed the discussion of different biomechanical aspects. However, due to poor reproducibility and a lack of short-term dynamic material properties, most research approaches have significant limitations. Laboratory test setups do not represent real-scale high explosive detonation parameters with regards to pressure characteristics, impulse duration and blockage problems. Measured values are interpreted with partly outdated, selective and not validated limit values for overpressures from field tests with animals. This is due to the lack of a validated and comprehensive data set covering a variation of the crucial parameter. Injury mechanisms and their effects have not yet been sufficiently elucidated for the torso and extremities.
In order to contribute to the research efforts on the primary explosion effects, the German Federal Armed Forces established an interdisciplinary military medical research project in cooperation of the Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin and the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). The aim of the planned investigation is the development of a multidisciplinary method to investigate shock wave behavior in various generic tissue simulants under the most reproducible conditions possible with realistic loads in an experimental test series with short set-up times.
The presentation will start with an overview of ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and will discuss the potential of AM in the field of bioceramics.
The presentation will then focus on two possible use cases of binder jetting technologies.
In the first example, standard powder-based binder jetting is used to manufacture a porous implant design for large scale bone defects. The related challenges in the process chain will be discussed, from powder synthesis to sintering and characterization of the printed part.
In the second example, the LSD-print slurry-based binder jetting technology is presented as a possibility to adapt powder-bed AM to produce dense ceramic parts. The use case will focus on an application in the field of dental ceramics, specifically for the manufacturing of patient individualized single tooth restorations (veneers, crowns) with a high throughput process chain.
Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate
(2023)
Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results.
Owing to a growing shortage of fluorspar, a raw material used for producing fluorinated base chemicals, fluorspar has been named among the 30 critical raw materials in the EU. 1 However, the sustainable transfer of fluorine atoms from one molecule to another using heterogeneous catalysts has not yet been reported. Herein, we present the heterogeneous catalyst zirconium chloro fluoride (ZCF) that performs dehydrofluorination of a fluoroalkane and consecutive hydrofluorination of an alkyne at room temperature.
The variability and heterogeneity in their structural composition is significant for nearly all synthetic and natural polymers. Beside molar mass also functionality type distribution, copolymer composition distribution and architectural features are responsible for changing the material properties.
A wide range of analytical techniques are available to get insight into these parameters. However, in most cases it is essential to combine different sophisticated techniques to get closer to actual structures and to avoid statistical averages.
Different liquid chromatographic separation modes and their coupling in a two-dimensional way (SEC, LCCC, HILIC, 2D-LC) in combination with suitable detection techniques (e.g. UV, RI, LS, IR, MALDI/ESI-MS) as well as techniques like BET, DCS, SEM/TEM were applied to make structural features visible.
A few aspects are discussed for structural different polylactides from various synthesis routes and their behavior in LC-MS.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by furniture and
building materials can cause health issues. For an
improvement of indoor air quality low emitting materials
should be used. Quality assurance and –control (QA/QC)
measures require an emission reference material (ERM) with a
predictable emission rate of VOCs. The idea is to use porous
materials as ERM, which store the VOCs inside their pores and
emit them constantly.
In this lecture, the safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems is presented using the example of composite pressure vessels. The main element is a probabilistic approval approach based on five steps. Firstly, the testing and evaluation of properties at the beginning of life are shown. Secondly, methods for artificial aging and the effect on the residual strength are presented. Thirdly, testing against dedicated accidents is introduced. Fourthly, effects on the surveillance of production quality are discussed. Finally, degradation and the end of life are estimated. Background information and examples are given for each step. The assessment presented is a method applicable for many safety-related systems.
Manipulating ceramic powder compacts and ceramic suspensions (slurries) within their volume with light requires a minimum transparency of the materials. Compared to polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide electronic band gap and thus a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 µm up to 5µm wavelength. Hence, to penetrate with laser light into the volume of a ceramic powder compound its light scattering properties need to be investigated and tailored. In the present study we introduce the physical background and material development strategies to apply two-photon-polymerization (2PP) for the additive manufacture of filigree structures within the volume of ceramic slurries.
Manipulating ceramic powder compacts and ceramic suspensions (slurries) within their volume with light requires a minimum transparency of the materials. Compared to polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide electronic band gap and thus a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 µm up to 5µm wavelength. Hence, to penetrate with laser light into the volume of a ceramic powder compound its light scattering properties need to be investigated and tailored. In the present study we introduce the physical background and material development strategies to apply two-photon-polymerization (2PP) for the additive manufacture of filigree structures within the volume of ceramic slurries.
In this lecture, the safety assessment of hydrogen gas storage systems is presented using the example of composite pressure vessels. The main element is a probabilistic approval approach based on five steps. Firstly, the testing and evaluation of properties at the beginning of life are shown. Secondly, methods for artificial aging and the effect on the residual strength are presented. Thirdly, testing against dedicated accidents is introduced. Fourthly, effects on the surveillance of production quality are discussed. Finally, degradation and the end of life are estimated. Background information and examples are given for each step. The assessment presented is a method applicable for many safety-related systems.
Die Angabe von Unsicherheiten bei zertifizierten Werten von Referenzmaterialien ist von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die korrekte Einbindung der Unsicherheiten zur Berechnung von Verfahrensmessunsicherheiten ist wesentlich für die Gewährleistung der Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Messungen. In diesem Vortrag werden die verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren auf die Unsicherheit zertifizierter Werte gemäß ISO Guide 35 dargestellt. Dabei werden insbesondere die Charakterisierung, Homogenität und Stabilität als entscheidende Faktoren für die Bestimmung der Unsicherheit eines Referenzmaterials betrachtet. Abschließend wird das Konzept anhand eines konkreten Beispiels veranschaulicht, um die praktische Anwendung und die Auswirkungen auf die Berechnung von Verfahrensmessunsicherheiten zu verdeutlichen.
The presentation demonstrates an application of multi-scale optical imaging methods such as spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and white light interference microscopy for the investigation of wide-bandgap semiconductors for power electronics. The capabilities of these methods for the development of new reference calibration samples for scanning microwave microscopes (SMM) and conductive atomic force microscopes (C AFM) are discussed.
The use of a dedicated approach: DoE for synthesis + characterization + Chemometric Analysis, is a valuable method for the safe-by-design synthesis of several types of materials for large-scale application in catalysis, energy harvesting, biomedical and environmental applications, etc. This approach is not only related to the material synthesis, but can be expanded to any type of molecules/material, with relevant saving of solvents, energy and times.
In the field of guided waves for non-destructive testing, the interaction of these waves with damages or other discontinuities in a structure is critical. When a guided wave mode travels and hits a defect, it scatters in all directions, converting to other modes and reflecting the existing one. These interactions are captured in scattered far field complex amplitudes. The amplitudes are stored in scattering matrices, which characterise the elastodynamic behaviour of a defect completely. Scattering matrices are also useful to simulate backpropagation from a defect using ray-tracing methods.
Simulating these interactions is challenging, and analytical solutions only exist for simple geometries. Still, using general tools like the finite element method results in large, usually costly models. Recently, researchers proposed a method based on a numerical implementation of the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral that allows the computation of the scattering matrices using a model containing only the damaged region. However, classical methods to resolve the far field and low-order elements were used, leading to large models yet more efficient than using other techniques.
We propose using the SBFEM as an alternative to enhance the computation of the far field scattering. The damaged region is discretised using high-order polyhedral elements, while the far field is constructed using a modified version of the SBFEM. Examples compared to the literature demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Ultrasonic guided waves interacting with complex geometrical features are of high interest in the SHM field. For example, investigations into the extent to which a small change in defect geometry affects wave propagation have applications in Probability of Detection and defect reconstruction. These fields have to be supported by numerical tools aiming to retrieve accurate and reliable results and, thus, more realistic modeling.
Due to the short wavelengths of ultrasonic waves and the relatively large domains in which the waves propagate, fine grid resolution for the entire domain is usually not possible due to limited computational resources. One solution is to partition the domain into different subdomains and use a specific, efficient approach for each subdomain.
This contribution shows a combination of methods that aims to study these wave defect interactions in an elastic media. Firstly we introduce high-order 3D meshes that can resolve very fine geometrical details and are based on an Octree discretisation technique that employs special transition shape functions to resolve the hanging nodes that may appear due to the nature of the method. Afterward, the Octree mesh is embedded in a prismatic wave-guide based on the semi-analytical formulation of the SBFEM in 3D. To couple the different domains, we employ the mortar method, which enforces the continuity of the wave field across the internal boundaries of the domains. Examples show the power of the approach especially when it comes to parametric analysis.
For structural health monitoring systems or non-destructive testing, it is crucial to study the interactions of ultrasonic-guided waves with inhomogeneities or damage in structural components. Simulation of these interactions poses a challenge.
After the wave-damage interaction, the numerical model must reproduce features like mode conversion or wave scattering. Mathematically, damages are discontinuities in a computational domain, and each interacts diversely depending on its geometrical features. We propose a quadtree-based meshing in the current contribution to capture these geometrical
characteristics.
This kind of discretisation approach requires special techniques to couple cells of different sizes since, after a quadtree decomposition, the problem of so-called hanging nodes may arise. Transition elements based on high-order transfinite shape functions are used to solve this issue. The advantage is that these elements allow the correct coupling of the cells while retaining a high-order interpolation. Moreover, the reuse of the dynamic stiffness matrices can be exploited based on the similarity of the cells. This procedure renders the approach very efficient.
Examples show the scattering characteristics of different guided wave modes after interacting with inhomogeneities and discontinuities in a plate.
Mit der Abkehr von der Nutzung fossiler Rohstoffe rücken regenerative Energieträger immer weiter in den Focus. Neben klassischen Holzkohlen werden verstärkt so genannte Biokohlen produziert. Dieser Begriff findet Verwendung für mit Hilfe verschiedener Verfahren karbonisierte pflanzliche, tierische oder mikrobielle Ausgangsstoffe. Diese Kohlen werden zum Teil über weite Strecken zum Bestimmungsort transportiert (Überseetransporte) oder vor Verwendung für längere Zeit gelagert.
Häufig zeigen diese Kohlen ein kritisches Selbstentzündungsverhalten, wobei Einstufungstests (UN N.4 Test) versagen können. Ein negatives Testergebnis des UN N.4 Tests führte dabei in der Vergangenheit zur Nichteinstufung als selbsterhitzungsfähiger Stoff; in der Praxis entzündeten sich aber bereits vergleichsweise kleine Schüttungen (einige m³), z. B. beim Seetransport in Containern. Der Artikel geht auf dieses Problem ein, stellt Prüfverfahren vor und gibt Empfehlungen für sicheren Transport und Lagerung.
Nondestructive testing of gas turbine blades is essential for their maintenance and service process which is critical to ensure both safety and efficiency of these highly stressed parts. In this presentation, a novel ultrasonic testing method is explored in order to acquire part thickness information in the turbine blade’s airfoil. In established industry processes, the measurements are mainly carried out manually and only at a few specific positions of the inspected parts. The proposed method scans the part using a robot arm guiding an ultrasonic array sensor. For ultrasonic coupling to the complex-shaped surface geometry, the inspected part and sensor are immersed into water. A two-step TFM[1, 2] (Total Focusing Method) approach is used to reconstruct the outer and inner surfaces subsequently from the ultrasonic raw data, which are acquired using the FMC[3] (Full Matrix Capture) measurement principle. For each sensor position, the location and geometry of the outer surface is first identified and then used to create an image of an area inside the material. From that image, the inner surface is reconstructed. Finally, part thickness information is deducted from merging location data of inner and outer surface. The result is a high resolution, high precision mapping of the inspected part’s wall thickness.
Offshore wind energy plays an important role for the desired transition towards a carbon dioxide free industry within the next decades. However, the grounding of the offshore wind plants governs the overall installation process besides bureaucratic bottlenecks.
The application of lightweight principles in steel construction, e.g. the usage dissolved load-bearing structures, so called Jackets foundations, offer great potential in reducing the resource consumption, especially with respect to the needed amount of steel.
In this context this paper focuses on a fully digitalization of the welding manufacturing and as well as testing chain to enable a fully automated manufacturing as well as quality assessment of tubular nodes as key element of Jackets foundation structures. Furthermore, the relationship between the seam shape geometry and resulting fatigue strength is evaluated by numerical methods incorporating bionic principles. It is shown that tubular nodes can be welded fully automatically taking geometry tolerances into account. Moreover, the seam shape could be manufactured as requested by the numerical models which offers great potential for an extended lifetime. Subsequently, the improvements in resource efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions are evaluated by a life-cycle-assessment.
Direct energy deposition additive manufacturing technologies utilizing an electric arc offer a great potential in generating large volume metal components. However, the selection of process parameters that yield the desired near net shape design as well as the requested mechanical component behavior is not a trivial task due to the complex relationship. Exemplarily for additive manufacturing of high-strength precipitation hardening AlMgSi-aluminum alloy this paper shows the application of a newly developed matching solid welding wire doped with TiB as grain refiner. The correlation between process parameters and component quality is examined analyzing the size and distribution of pores as well as the grain morphology. Furthermore, the influences of different post-weld heat treatments are evaluated to meet the reference mechanical properties of the corresponding wrought material. Finally, the digital integration of the entire additive manufacturing chain enables an overall traceability of the relevant process steps which is the basis for a reliable subsequent quality assessment.
In manufacturing, fusion welding processes use a lot of resources, which presents an opportunity to reduce environmental impact. While there is a general understanding of the environmental impact of these processes, it is difficult to quantitatively assess key parameters. This study introduces a welding-specific methodology that uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of fusion welding technologies. Our approach analyses the main parameters that affect the environmental performance of different welding techniques, including traditional methods and additive manufacturing through the Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) process. We integrate real-time resource usage data to offer an innovative framework for directly deriving environmental impacts. This research contributes to optimising welding processes by providing a precise and quantifiable measure of their ecological impact, facilitating the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices.
Die Offshore-Windenergie spielt eine wichtige Rolle beim angestrebten Übergang zu einer emissionsfreien Industrie während der nächsten Jahrzehnte. Allerdings beeinflusst die Gründung der Offshore-Windanlagen den gesamten Installationsprozess. Die Anwendung von Leichtbauprinzipien im Stahlbau, wie beispielsweise die Verwendung von aufgelösten Tragstrukturen, sogenannten Jacket-Fundamenten, bietet ein großes Potenzial zur Reduzierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die benötigte Stahlmenge. Der Vortrag befasst sich daher mit der vollständigen Digitalisierung der schweißtechnischen Fertigungs- und Prüfkette. Ziel ist es, eine vollautomatische Fertigung sowie Qualitätsprüfung von Rohrknoten zu ermöglichen. Diese stellen ein Schlüsselelement von Jacket-Fundamenten dar. Des Weiteren wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Geometrie der Schweißnaht und der resultierenden Ermüdungsfestigkeit durch numerische Methoden unter Einbeziehung bionischer Prinzipien bewertet. Es wird gezeigt, dass rohrförmige Knoten unter Berücksichtigung von Geometrietoleranzen vollautomatisch geschweißt werden können. Die Schweißnahtform konnte gemäß den numerischen Modellen hergestellt werden, was ein großes Potenzial für eine verlängerte Lebensdauer bietet. Anschließend erfolgt eine Bewertung der Verbesserungen bei der Ressourceneffizienz und der Verringerung des CO2-Fußabdrucks durch ein Life Cycle Assessment.
The principles of (Hard) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and some application in the field of (core-shell) nanoparticles will be presented. The presentation should answer hoe to get reliable results. Furthermore, examples of the correlation between physical-chemical measurments and toxicological results are given which are crucial for the risk assessment of nanoparticles.
Life cycle assessment of fusion welding processes considering upstream and downstream process steps
(2023)
In manufacturing, fusion welding processes consume significant resources, presenting a significant opportunity for reducing environmental impact. Although there is a qualitative understanding of the environmental implications of these processes, a quantitative assessment of key parameters remains complex. This study introduces a welding-specific methodology that employs life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantitatively evaluate the environmental footprint of fusion welding technologies. Our approach identifies and analyses the principal parameters affecting the environmental performance of various welding techniques, including traditional joint welding and additive manufacturing via the Direct Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-Arc) process. Real-time resource usage data is integrated to offer an innovative framework for directly deriving environmental impacts. This research contributes to optimising welding processes by providing a precise and quantifiable measure of their ecological impact. This facilitates the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices.
Im Verbundprojekt R-Rhenania wird eine industrielle Demonstrationsanlage am Standort der Monoverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt der Firma Emter errichtet und im Jahr 2024 den Betrieb aufnehmen. Die vorhandene Rostfeuerung-Monoverbrennung wird so umgebaut, dass ein neues thermochemisches Verfahren integriert werden kann, welches hochwirksame und schadstoffarme Dünger produziert (bis zu 17.000 t/a). Die thermochemischen Produkte werden in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen im ökologischen Landbau auf ihre Düngewirkung getestet. Die Umweltverträglichkeit der Demonstrationsanlage wird untersucht, wie auch die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf weitere Regionen.
The subject of permeation of hoses according to ISO 3821 for
hydrogen was discussed for a long time in ISO/TC 44/SC 8. The reason
is a considerable leakage of hydrogen diffused into the hose material
over the end face of the hose. Because of this unsolved, safety-related
problem of hoses sold on the market, measurements should be carried
out in order to be able to better assess the problem. BAM has declared
its attendance to provide a required fast solution to this issue.
Climate change and increasing demand for electricity require the use of power electronics based on new wide bandgap (WBG) compound semiconductors. Power electronics devices are used in numerous application areas to control and convert electric energy. These may include generation and distribution of renewable energy for green hydrogen, electrification of transport or 5G communication. WBG electronics have much higher efficiency than the silicon-based ones and can operate at higher power densities, voltages, temperatures and switching frequencies with low energy losses. However, defects in the semiconductors can considerably affect the performance of power electronic devices or make their operation even impossible. The presentation will show the application of spectroscopic and imaging ellipsometry as well as white light interference microscopy for defect characterisation in SiC, GaN and Ga2O3 over a wide wavelength range.
We used parameterized modelling of ellipsometric transfer parameters to determine the dielectric properties of bulk materials and thin layers. Imaging ellipsometry offers more information and is an advanced variant of optical microscopy, combining the lateral resolution of optical microscopy with the extreme sensitivity to surface and interface effects of ellipsometry. Surface topography and morphology of different types of defects were additionally investigated with imaging white light interference microscopy. Modern electronic thin film components require complex surface analysis methodologies and hybrid metrology. Hybrid measurement techniques enable fast and non-destructive traceable characterisation of thin film compound semiconductors as well as accurate detection and identification of defects. This methodical approach leads to a better understanding of the materials themselves and of the defect formation mechanisms during manufacturing.
This work aims to enable highly reproducible manufacturing of compound semiconductor power electronics as well as operation monitoring to ensure failure-safety of electronic systems in power electronic devices.
Die Material Acceleration Platform der BAM (MAPz@BAM) bündelt unsere Automatisierungs-Expertise auf dem Gebiet der Materialwissenschaft und -prüfung. Wir entwickeln modulare Experimentmodule, automatische Prüf- und Auswerteverfahren und setzen künstliche Intelligenz für eine effiziente und autonome Versuchsplanung, - vorhersage und Datenanalyse ein.
Die Material Acceleration Platform der BAM (MAPz@BAM) bündelt unsere Automatisierungs-Expertise auf dem Gebiet der Materialwissenschaft und -prüfung. Wir entwickeln modulare Experimentmodule, automatische Prüf- und Auswerteverfahren und setzen künstliche Intelligenz für eine effiziente und autonome Versuchsplanung, - vorhersage und Datenanalyse ein.
Die Material Acceleration Platform der BAM (MAPz@BAM) bündelt unsere Automatisierungs-Expertise auf dem Gebiet der Materialwissenschaft und -prüfung. Wir entwickeln modulare Experimentmodule, automatische Prüf- und Auswerteverfahren und setzen künstliche Intelligenz für eine effiziente und autonome Versuchsplanung, - vorhersage und Datenanalyse ein.
The efficient exploration of novel alloy compositions is crucial for advancing the development of new materials. One widely utilized approach for creating phase diagrams is the use of diffusion-controlled synthesis for gradient alloys. This method is also an effective means for rapidly identifying potential material combinations.
The present study focusses on the exploration of quaternary multi-principle-element alloys (MPEAs) using diffusion multiples. We established a diffusion system by combining an equimolar ternary alloy (FeNiCr) with single diffusing elements Mn and Mo. Using ThermoCalc simulations, we determined suitable temperature ranges where we can expect the formation of single-phase alloys. Depending on the diffusion constants of the selected metals, diffusion times were adjusted to obtain diffusion zones with a depth of greater than 50 μm. Microstructural and compositional information was gathered via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and correlated to local mechanical properties evaluated by means of nanoindentation. Local corrosion properties were examined using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
Our results indicate that the ThermoCalc simulations have a good predictive power for crystallographic phases. However, especially with the Mn-FeNiCr system, formation of Cr-rich secondary phases were observed, which led to Cr-depletion and thus to localized corrosion processes in the matrix at the vicinity of the secondary phases. Based on the results of the local electrochemical tests, we have selected single-phase compositions along the diffusion zone and synthesized these alloys in bulk for corrosion studies by means of potentiodynamic polarization and SECM.
The presentation will summarize our methodology using diffusion couples as an
efficient tool for exploring compositional spaces of MPEAs in the search for novel single-phase alloys and the results of our correlative study on the mechanical and corrosion properties of these materials.
The efficient exploration of novel alloy chemistries is crucial for advancing the development of new materials. Diffusion-controlled synthesis of gradient alloys is an intelligent approach for creating phase diagrams and to effectively identify potential material combinations with tailored properties.
This project focusses on the design of quaternary multi-principle-element alloys (MPEAs) using diffusion couples. Our diffusion system contains an equimolar ternary alloy (FeNiCr) and additional single diffusing elements e.g. Mn and Mo. We determined the optimal temperature ranges for the diffusion thermal treatment by means of ThermoCalc simulations with the aim to form single-phase MPEAs. Microstructure and chemical characterization of the diffusion couples were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). For most alloy couples, the diffusion zone contained a single-phase alloy matrix with diffusion-induced compositional gradient as well as precipitation phases. This heterogeneity makes the diffusion couples interesting materials to investigate local mechanical and corrosion properties. Thus, local corrosion properties were examined using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM). Nanoindentation was used for the analysis of local mechanical properties.
Based on the results of the local corrosion analysis, we have selected single-phase alloy chemistries along the diffusion zone and reproducibly synthesized these alloys in bulk for detailed corrosion studies by means of potentiodynamic polarization and SECM.
The presentation will briefly summarize our methodology and motivation for using diffusion couples as an efficient tool for exploring phase diagrams of MPEAs in the search for new alloy chemistries and the results of our correlative study on the mechanical and corrosion properties of these materials.
Old materials, new life: Using diffusion-controlled synthesis for discovery of novel alloy systems
(2023)
Multi principal element alloy (MPEAs) concept allows us to rethink how we develop application-tailored, sustainable materials. The vast composition space leads to nearly indefinite material combinations and will facilitate finding Pareto optimal materials with lower CO2 footprint and avoidance of critical minerals as design criteria. To probe this large compositional space efficiently, the use high-throughput screening methods is inevitable. Diffusion-controlled synthesis of gradient materials is the optimal technique for screening complex compositional materials that would otherwise require comprehensive modelling or experimental efforts.
In this study, we have used a series of diffusion couples of pure metals and alloys with the aim to create a materials library with correlated data on composition and microstructure. With future recycling prospects in mind, and possible applications of Cu containing alloys in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction and antimicrobial alloys we have generated diffusion couples of brass (Cu63Zn37) and bronze (Cu89Sn11) with either pure metals (Fe, Ni, etc.) or with binary or ternary alloys (FeNi, FeNiCr etc.). For different diffusion times and temperatures, we calculated diffusion constants for the material combinations. Following a detailed characterisation of the gradient materials, we have investigated general and local corrosion properties, electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR) as well as mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) on single-phase alloys synthesized in bulk by means of vacuum arc-melting based on the selected local compositions.
In most cases, due to the short diffusion times, the contact between the diffusion couples lead to two separate diffusion zones and thus, different alloy families on both sides. Especially with ternary alloys, interesting selective diffusion processes and unexpected repulsion effects were observed. The presentation will provide an overview of the gradient materials with a focus on the functional properties of single-phase alloy families derived from them.
Due to their favorable mechanical and anti-corrosion properties, medium entropy alloys (MEA) are of high academic and industrial interest as novel materials for engineering and catalytic applications. Previous studies on general corrosion behavior indicate high current densities at high anodic potentials for MEAs. Further investigations of the underlying transpassive dissolution and local corrosion behavior remain scarce.
To understand the passivation behavior of MEAs CrCoNi and FeCrNi at high anodic potentials, the mechanisms of transpassive dissolution and the oxygen evolution reaction were investigated in this project. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was applied in the interrogative mode for the detection of evolving metal species and oxygen. By means of ICP-MS analysis, dissolved metal species were quantified to provide a fundamental understanding on the transpassive dissolution. As the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) may contribute a large percentile to the observed current at high anodic potentials, SECM measurements were employed to analyze the onset of the OER. Potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and chronoamperometric techniques as well as different electrolytes were used to induce precisely controlled corrosion loads during the SECM experiments and for the ICP-MS analysis. Macroscopic corrosion properties of the alloys, electrical and chemical properties of the passive films were studied by means of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), respectively.
Finally, the analysis of the corrosion morphology and the potential of the surface before, during and after passivity breakdown was carried out by means of in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The presentation will summarize our results on the interplay of anodic passivation and oxygen evolution of MEAs in aqueous NaCl electrolytes.
The high-throughput synthesis and characterization of potential material combinations plays an important role in accelerating the development of new materials. Diffusion controlled synthesis of gradient alloys is widely used to create phase diagrams, and it is also one of the most effective combinatorial approaches for rapid realization of potential material combinations.
This study focuses on the synthesis and investigation of the quaternary multi-principle-element alloy (MPEA) FeNiCrMn by means of diffusion multiples, the correlation of their microstructural and chemical characterization data with their application relevant properties like local mechanical and corrosion properties. A diffusion system was set up by combining an equimolar ternary alloy (FeNiCr) with a single diffusing metallic component (Mn) with the highest interdiffusion coefficient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to collect microstructural and compositional information which were correlated to local mechanical properties studied with nanoindentation. Local corrosion properties were investigated by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM). We have observed that a >50 μm deep homogeneous diffusion zone was formed the thickness of which scales with the duration of the thermal treatment. Beyond the Mn-concentration gradient in the FeNiCr matrix, a distinct Cr-rich secondary phase, characterized by high hardness and elastic modulus values appeared. We synthesized MPEAs with selected compositions from the diffusion zone as well as the Cr-rich phase as bulk alloys for electrochemical corrosion studies under different environmental conditions. The presentation will summarize the results of our correlative study on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the quaternary multi-principle-element alloy (MPEA) FeNiCrMn family.
Multiphoton lithography (MPL) has recently attracted significant research interest as a versatile tool capable of fabricating 2D and 3D micro- and nanoscopic features with high spatial resolution. The integrity of MPL microstructures, or their ability to respond to external stimuli, is of critical importance. Often, the mechanically flexible micro-objects are expected to be capable of shape morphing, bending, or other motion to ensure their functionality. However, achieving the desired properties of MPL-manufactured micro components for a specific application still remains challenging.
In this work, we present new MPL materials based on epoxy-acrylate interpenetrating networks (IPNs). We aim at fabrication 3D microstructures, whose properties can be easily tuned by varying the ratio of the IPN components and fabrication parameters. The studied mixtures consist of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and cycloaliphatic epoxide functional groups. Consequently, tryarylsylfonium salt and cyclopentanone photoinitiator tailored for MPL were used to ensure cationic and radical polymerization, respectively. The resulting library of 3D microstructures was investigated for their thermal and mechanical properties using highly sensitive space-resolved methods. For the first time, we were able to evaluate the glass transition behavior of 3D MPL microstructures using fast scanning calorimetry. The influence of both IPN composition and fabrication parameters on glass transition temperature and material fragility was demonstrated. AFM force-distance curve and intermodulation methods were used to characterize the micromechanical properties with lateral resolution of the techniques in the range of 1 micron and 4 nm, respectively. The elastic-plastic behavior of the microarchitectures was evaluated and explained in terms of IPN morphology and thermal properties. The fabricated 3D IPN microstructures exhibit higher structural strength and integrity compared to PEGDA. In addition, IPNs exhibit high to full elastic recovery (up to 100%) with bulk modulus in the range of 4 to 6 MPa. This makes IPNs a good base material for modeling microstructures with intricate 3D designs for biomimetics and scaffold engineering.
The effects of composition and MPL microfabrication parameters on the resulting IPN properties give us a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and microfabrication-structure-property relationships. Moreover, our funding supports the further development of IPN systems as versatile and easily tunable MPL materials.
In der Abschlusspräsentation des ZIM-Kooperationsvorhabens "TeWuFeAl" werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammengefasst dargestellt. Ziel des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer Prozess- und Werkzeugtechnologie für das ultraschallunterstützte Fräsen von im Kokillenguss hergestellter Eisen- und Titan-Aluminid-Bauteilen. Auf Basis einer eigens entwickelten Werkzeugtechnologie und Prozessführung konnten die Belastungen auf das Werkzeug und die Oberfläche von Bauteilen aus dem schwer zerspanbaren Eisenaluminid bei der frästechnischen Bearbeitung signifikant verringert werden. Die Messung der Prozesskräfte und der thermischen Belastung der Werkzeugschneide ermöglicht die Ermittlung geeigneter Zerspanungsparameter für eine maximale Werkzeuglebensdauer. Die Anwendung des ultraschallunterstützten Fräsens (USAM) wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf den Zerspanprozess aus. Neben einer deutlichen verlängerung der Werkzeuglebensdauer, zeigen sich Vorteile in Bezug auf die topographischen, metallurgischen sowie mechanischen Eigenschaften der erzeugten Oberflächenintegrität. Die durch USAM erzeugte homogene Bauteiloberfläche weist eine reduzierte Defektdichte und verringerte Rauheitskennwerte auf. Besonders vielversprechend sind die Ergebnisse der Messungen der Eigenspannungen im Tiefenprofil der Oberfläche. Die Werkzeugoszillation bewirkt eine, vergleichbar zum Strahlprozess, Verdichtung der Oberfläche was in Druckeigenspannungen resultiert. Diese potenziell vorteilhaften Druckeigenspannungen können maßgeblich zur Risssicherheit hochbelasteter Komponenten und somit zum Leichtbau und Ressourceneffizienz beitragen.
Ultraschallunterstützte Zerspanung mit geometrisch bestimmter Schneide schwer spanbarer Werkstoffe
(2023)
Das hybride Fertigungsverfahren der ultraschallunterstützen Zerspanung wird mit geometrisch unbestimmter Schneide wie bspw. dem Schleifen bereits erfolgreich in der Industrie eingesetzt und verspricht auch unter Verwendung von Werkzeugen mit geometrisch bestimmter Schneide vielversprechende Vorteile gegenüber den konventionellen spanenden Fertigungsverfahren. In den letzten Jahren wurden an der BAM positive Ergebnisse beim ultraschallunterstützten Fräsen (USAM) von schwer spanbaren Werkstoffen wie z.B. Ni-/Co-Legierungen oder Eisenaluminid für den Leichtbau erzielt aber auch die Finishbearbeitung von schweißtechnisch generierten Bauteilen (AM) bspw. aus FeNi36 konnte hinsichtlich erreichbarer Werkzeuglebensdauer sowie Oberflächenintegrität zur Verbesserung der Komponentensicherheit beitragen. Die mittels USAM erzeugten Oberflächen erscheinen homogener und weisen weniger Defekte infolge des Materialabtrags auf, was sich ebenfalls in verringerten Rauheitskennwerten abbildet. Durch die geringere thermo-mechanische Belastung der Bauteiloberfläche sind Eigenschaftsdegradationen zusätzlich reduziert. Besonders großes Zukunftspotenzial besitzt das ultraschallunterstütze Fräsen durch die Erzeugung von erwünschten Druckeigenspannungen bis unter die Bauteiloberfläche, was auf die oszillierende Wirkung der Werkzeugschneide - vergleichbar mit einem Strahlprozess - zurückzuführen ist. Druckeigenspannungen tragen maßgeblich zur Risssicherheit hochbelasteter Komponenten bei wie sie bspw. in Turbinen vorzufinden sind und können somit zum Leichtbau und zur Ressourceneffizienz beitragen.
Until the 1980s radiography was used to inspect civil structures in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Meanwhile, non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or
radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features when applied to reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection.
Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Muons are particles generated naturally by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere and pose no risk to humans. Novel detectors and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application, mainly in the nuclear sector, but also in spectacular cases such as the Egyptian pyramids.
As a first step towards practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results have been at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. Recently, the research was expanded to more realistic testing problems such as the detection of voids in certain structural elements. However, before practical implementation, more robust, mobile, and affordable detectors would be required as well as user-Friendly imaging and simulation software.
This presentation was held at the 14th International Sustainability Transitions Conference 2023 in Utrecht.
Against the backdrop of the sustainability transition of economies worldwide, decarbonizing road traffic is high on the agenda. This has focused the interest of policymakers and automobile manufacturers on sustainable, zero-emission powertrain technologies. Among these technologies, hydrogen fuel cell (FC) vehicles have a positive climate impact, given that their hydrogen is produced from renewable energy. However, FC vehicles have not yet gained significant market shares. Therefore, based on the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach, this study analyzes how FC vehicles are influenced by EVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles as their context structures. To operationalize the technology relations between our focal FC-TIS and its context structures, we use the sum of international publications, patents filed at the European Patent Office, and international ISO and IEC standards as indicators for each technology. Our results show that the FC-TIS is dominated by its context structures, especially regarding commercially relevant patents and international standards. Therefore, we conclude that the FC-TIS is in its formative life-cycle phase and identify the need for intensified patenting and standardization in relation to the competing EVs and ICE vehicles.
In maritimer Exposition können Zinkbauteile Nutzungsdauern von 50 Jahren erreichen. Dabei werden Expositionen mit Spritzwasserbelastung durch Meerwasser nicht betrachtet. Normative Betrachtungen und Korrosionsprognosen basierend auf Einjahreswerten liefern hier grundlegend falsche Ergebnisse, da sie eine signifikant höhere Belastung der Atmosphäre mit SO2 voraussetzen.
Ellipsometry is a very powerful tool used for accurate material investigation in a wide wavelength range. It is a non-destructive and fast method. Imaging ellipsometry as a combination of optical microscopy and ellipsometry enables spatially resolved measurements when determining the layer thickness and dielectric properties of thin layers. It is known for its high polarisation sensitivity and high contrast for the surface structures. In this contribution we show the application of the imaging ellipsometry for detection of defects in energy materials and quality validation of possible reference materials for nano-electronics.
Defects in wide bandgap semiconductors, in homoepitaxial SiC and heteroepitaxial GaN layers on transparent SiC substrates, can be successfully detected and classified by means of imaging ellipsometry. Correlation of imaging ellipsometry results with results from complementary techniques such as white light interference microscopy as well as atomic force microscopy contribute to understanding of surface topography and defect formation mechanisms. We discuss the potential of different methods for analysing ellipsometric map data for monitoring the defect densities.
Electric properties of materials at the nanoscale can be investigated by means of scanning probe microscopy methods such as scanning microwave microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. However, development of new robust and easy-to-use calibration methods and calibration standards is essential to increase the traceability of these methods and allow their broad application in industry. We show how imaging spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used for development and monitoring of processing quality of patterned reference samples based on indium tin oxide (ITO) layer with different thickness and conductivity.
The built infrastructure ages and requires regular inspection and, when in doubt, monitoring. To ensure that older concrete bridges showing signs of deterioration can be used safely, several innovative monitoring tools have been introduced, including but not limited to optical, fiber-optic, or acoustic emission techniques. However, there are gaps in the portfolio. A sensing technique that covers a wide range of damage scenarios and larger volumes, while still being sensitive and specific, would be beneficial.
For about 15 years, research has been conducted on ultrasonic monitoring of concrete structures that goes beyond the traditional ultrasonic pulse velocity test (PV test), mostly using a very sensitive data evaluation technique called coda wave interferometry. At BAM we have developed sensors and instrumentation specifically for this method.
We have instrumented a 70-year-old, severely damaged prestressed concrete bridge in Germany in addition to a commercial monitoring system. We have now collected data for almost 3 years. We can show that we can provide information about the stress distribution in the bridge. We have also been able to confirm that there has been no significant additional damage to the bridge since the installation.
Experimental Setup for the Reproducible Generation of Pressure Waves in Free Field Conditions
(2023)
The injuries caused by the primary blast are still poorly understood, especially in the torso region. To generate sufficiently large data sets, shock tubes are often used. However, these have some limitations, such as blockage, use of the exit jet, widening cross-sections, and scaling problems with respect to compressive strength and test objects. Therefore, it is appropriate to conduct experiments under free-field conditions, but tests with real explosives are often associated with long preparation and setup times as well as high safety requirements.
Therefore, this paper presents an experimental setup for the reproducible generation of blast waves under free-field conditions. This experimental setup aims to provide a test environment for a sufficiently large specimen to investigate the behaviour of the shock wave within the specimen, especially at the media interfaces. As an example of application, the influence of the primary explosive effect on protective equipment or on tissue simulants for the investigation of blast injuries can be mentioned. An autoclave is used as a shock wave generator. It has a volume of 0.065 m3 and is filled with a stoichiometric acetylene-oxygen gas mixture. The setup and turnaround time is approximately 30 minutes. The following factors have been selected as target variables for the optimization of the shock wave generator: reproducibility of the pressure wave, use-case-relevant positive phase duration and peak overpressure, a pressure curve characteristic corresponding to that of a military explosive under undisturbed free field conditions, and short setup times of the experimental setup. For this purpose, the experimental setup is presented in this paper. Several series of measurements are presented, showing the characteristics of the generated pressure wave. For the generated pressure wave, the classical pressure curve characteristics can be clearly recognized. A peak pressure of 92 kPa is reached at a distance of 1 m from the opening, and the first positive pressure phase lasts 1.17 ms. Furthermore, the pressure wave propagates in a hemispherical shape. The typical characteristics of the blast wave generated by the SWG have been demonstrated using the military explosive PETN. It is shown that the actual load case corresponds to about 70 g of PETN.
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the efficient production of advanced constructions. New developments in topology optimization are leading to weight-optimized designs of increasing complexity. Direct energy deposition processes (DED) such as wire and arc-based additive manufacturing are an important method of additive manufacturing. The wire filler metals enable a wide range of materials, while the arc process provides a high deposition rate compared to laser and powder-based processes. Combined with the use of high-strength steels, the thickness of walls or components can be significantly reduced in the context of lightweight construction, which results in significant savings in energy, costs, time and resources. Suitable high-strength steel filler metals are commercially available for DED-arc AM processes. However, guidelines and quantitative knowledge about welding stresses and cold cracking issues during component production and service are lacking. This limits the industrial application considerably. In a joint project of BAM and Chemnitz University of Technology, the main influences and complex interactions of material, production process, design and processing steps on the residual stress level are investigated. The aim is to develop processing recommendations and a cold cracking test for economical processing and stress-related design of high-strength steels with DED-arc. This study focuses on residual stress analysis by neutron diffraction (ND) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on defined test specimens. The ND analysis were performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute- Villigen, Switzerland (PSI) and the XRD analysis at BAM. The study shows a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the residual stress magnitudes and distribution between the component bulk (ND) and surface (XRD) analyses. The ND analysis reveals that in DED-arc AM walls the residual stresses dominate in the direction of welding and are negligibly small in each case transverse to the direction of welding. The topology of the analyzed residual stresses shows almost identical residual stress maps compared to XRD. In addition, the residual stresses are significantly influenced by the solid phase transformation of the material due to low cooling times and less post heat treatment cycles of following AM layers in the area of the top layer.
H2Safety@BAM
(2023)
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the efficient production of advanced constructions. New developments in topology optimization are leading to weight-optimized designs of increasing complexity. Direct energy deposition processes (DED) such as wire and arc-based additive manufacturing are an important method of additive manufacturing. The wire filler metals enable a wide range of materials, while the arc process provides a high deposition rate compared to laser and powder-based processes. Combined with the use of high-strength steels, the thickness of walls or components can be significantly reduced in the context of lightweight construction, which results in significant savings in energy, costs, time and resources. Suitable high-strength steel filler metals are commercially available for DED-arc AM processes. However, guidelines and quantitative knowledge about welding stresses and cold cracking issues during component production and service are lacking. This limits the industrial application considerably. In a joint project of BAM and Chemnitz University of Technology, the main influences and complex interactions of material, production process, design and processing steps on the residual stress level are investigated. The aim is to develop processing recommendations and a cold cracking test for economical processing and stress-related design of high-strength steels with DED-arc. This study focuses on residual stress analysis by neutron diffraction (ND) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on defined test specimens. The ND analysis were performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute- Villigen, Switzerland (PSI) and the XRD analysis at BAM. The study shows a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the residual stress magnitudes and distribution between the component bulk (ND) and surface (XRD) analyses. The ND analysis reveals that in DED-arc AM walls the residual stresses dominate in the direction of welding and are negligibly small in each case transverse to the direction of welding. The topology of the analyzed residual stresses shows almost identical residual stress maps compared to XRD. In addition, the residual stresses are significantly influenced by the solid phase transformation of the material due to low cooling times and less post heat treatment cycles of following AM layers in the area of the top layer.
BAM is part of the “Quality Infrastructure Digital” (QI Digital) initiative of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). This initiative aims at coordinating a large cooperation project, “QI Digital” for making German and European quality management systems fit for the digital transformation. It is a fact that the digitization of new products and services is occurring much faster than quality management systems can be accordingly updated. Thus, the digital transformation of quality management is necessary to preserve the competitiveness of the German and European industries that stand for quality and safety in the global market. The Use Case “Reliable Hydrogen Refueling Station” of QI Digital aims at creating new solutions that are transferable to other technical systems and at further developing standards and technical rules as a contribution to technology transfer and innovation.
This lecture describes the history of hydrogen from the first scientific discoveries in the 18th century to the current technological and political developments for the market ramp-up of hydrogen technologies. The European policy framework for safe hydrogen technologies is explained comprehending the European Green Deal, European Climate Law, European Hydrogen Strategy, Clean Hydrogen Partnership, REPowerEU Plan, Renewable Energy Directive and its Delegated Act, Net Zero Industry Act, etc.
Lithium-ion batteries usually consist of numerous individual cells. There is ongoing discussion about enhancing sustainability by considering the replacement of heavily aged or damaged cells. Nevertheless, the planned replacement of individual cells poses significant challenges in ensuring the required reliability and safety of the refurbished device.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for the electrification of vehicles and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. Research groups all over the world work on the improvement of LIBs regarding an increase in energy density as well as cycle-life and a decrease in costs. Next to these research topics, a continuously uprising and crucial field is safety features of LIBs, which can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level.
The abuse/misuse of a LIB can cause an internal release of heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Hence, the cell temperature increases dramatically, causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR), possibly leading to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Moreover, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells leading to a so-called propagation, possibly, causing the TR of the whole battery. Ideally, easily obtainable key features of a certain cell – such as cathode type, cell format, cell energy and state of charge (SOC) - could allow the prediction of its behaviour under abuse conditions. In the present study, we will discuss the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Single cell tests will be analysed regarding different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, gas amount and gas composition. Moreover, the possibility of a TR-propagation and the respective propagation speed will be gained from propagation tests utilizing six cells with identical SOC. In total, the study comprises over 200 tests on cell level. The gained data set is analysed in respect to the cell parameters, such as cell format, cell energy, SOC and the cathode type as well as the atmosphere (air vs. N2) present during the test. A special focus is put on the discussion of general conclusions linking cell parameters to TR-effects and propagation behaviour.
The findings regarding common conclusions between key features and TR-effects can enable a rather facile selection process of cells/batteries for certain applications according to specific safety targets. Moreover, it allows to choose cell-specific safety measures, suitable during operation. In further works, the study will be extended to end-of-first life cells yielding important conclusions regarding crucial safety aspects for the implementation of those cells in 2nd-life application. Generally, the presented results can increase the overall understanding of the TR mechanism supporting the design of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future.
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered devices, such as laptops, mobile phones and power tools are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Moreover, LIBs are essential for the electrification of vehicles, and play an important role for stationary storage units needed for grid-balancing. The improvement of LIBs, in terms of increasing energy density as well as cycle-life and decreasing costs, is tackled by numerous research groups all over the world. In the last years, research regarding safety aspects has steadily gained more interest. The safety of LIBs can be implemented at different levels, such as material, cell, battery and system level.
The abuse/misuse of an LIB can lead to an internal increase in heat which can trigger a chain of exothermic reactions on cell level. Thus, the cell temperature increases dramatically causing the so-called thermal runaway (TR). This process can lead to flames and/or explosion of the cell. Furthermore, the TR of one cell can initiate the TR of adjacent cells causing the so-called propagation, possibly, leading to the TR of the whole battery.
Herein, we will show the latest result of our safety tests on cell level employing an external heater as TR-trigger. Regarding single cell tests, we will compare different hazardous features during the TR, e.g., cell temperature, occurrence of flames, peak pressure, and toxic gases, depending on the cell format, cell energy and the cathode type. The same cell parameters will be used to discuss the results of the propagation tests. Moreover, the influence of the state of charge (SOC) and the present atmosphere (air vs. N2) as well as the repeatability will be discussed. Overall, the study comprises over 180 tests on cell level.
The findings regarding the TR behaviour can be used to create a hazard-classification scheme of LIBs, e.g., allowing the definition of (cell type specific) conditions for a safe transport. Furthermore, the results can increase the general understanding of the TR mechanism promoting the development of advanced measures to enhance the safety on cell level in the future.
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the efficient production of advanced constructions. New developments in topology optimization are leading to weight-optimized designs of increasing complexity. Direct energy deposition processes (DED) such as wire and arc-based additive manufacturing are an important method of additive manufacturing. The wire filler metals enable a wide range of materials, while the arc process provides a high deposition rate compared to laser and powder-based processes. Combined with the use of high-strength steels, the thickness of walls or components can be significantly reduced in the context of lightweight construction, which results in significant savings in energy, costs, time and resources. Suitable high-strength steel filler metals are commercially available for DED-arc AM processes. However, guidelines and quantitative knowledge about welding stresses and cold cracking issues during component production and service are lacking. This limits the industrial application considerably. In a joint project of BAM and Chemnitz University of Technology, the main influences and complex interactions of material, production process, design and processing steps on the residual stress level are investigated. The aim is to develop processing recommendations and a cold cracking test for economical processing and stress-related design of high-strength steels with DED-arc. This study focuses on residual stress analysis by neutron diffraction (ND) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on defined test specimens. The ND analysis were performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute- Villigen, Switzerland (PSI) and the XRD analysis at BAM. The study shows a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the residual stress magnitudes and distribution between the component bulk (ND) and surface (XRD) analyses. The ND analysis reveals that in DED-arc AM walls the residual stresses dominate in the direction of welding and are negligibly small in each case transverse to the direction of welding. The topology of the analyzed residual stresses shows almost identical residual stress maps compared to XRD. In addition, the residual stresses are significantly influenced by the solid phase transformation of the material due to low cooling times and less post heat treatment cycles of following AM layers in the area of the top layer.
The overarching goal of this project is to develop a predictive model for efflux-mediated antimicrobial tolerance in bacterial multicellular assemblies. Our central hypostasis is that efflux pump activity causes emergent antibiotic tolerance of multicellular bacterial populations, through the interplay of efflux mediated spatial interactions and efflux-linked persistence. To test this hypothesis, we will use a combination of microscopy, microbial killing assays, computational modelling, and data analysis, integrating information from 3 types of multicellular assembly: colonies, cell-to-cell interactions in a monolayer microfluidic device, and 3D flow chamber biofilms. Building on our preliminary observations, we will experimentally characterize the link between colony structure and spatial patterns of efflux gene expression in strains that differ in their levels of efflux. We will develop a mathematical model to test whether local growth inhibition of neighbors due to effluxing cells, coupled with local environment-dependent regulation of efflux, can account qualitatively for these results. By including persister cell formation in our model we will predict, and measure, the emergent function of antimicrobial tolerance in our colonies. To fully understand how tolerance emerges from the interplay between efflux-mediated spatial interactions and efflux-linked persister cell formation, we need quantitative measurements at the single cell level. To this end, we will use a microfluidic setup with cells growing in a monolayer to qualify in detail the dependence of efflux expression and persister cell formation on nutrient conditions, the correlation between efflux and persister formation, and the spatial range of efflux-mediated neighbour growth inhibition. To predict and quantitatively understand the emergent multicellular function of tolerance, we will perform individual-based modelling of biofilm growth, using as input the parameters measured on the single-cell level with our microfluidics experiments. Our simulations will predict biofilm spatial structure development, patterns of efflux and persister formation and, ultimately, tolerance to antimicrobial challenge. These predictions will be directly tested in flow-cell biofilm experiments. We are currently generating acrAB-tolC knockout-strain, without efflux activity, and a strain with an inducible acrAB-tolC efflux pump. To distinguish the different strains under the microscope, they were labeled with genes encoding for different fluorescent proteins. All strains are currently characterized in terms of growth, minimum inhibitory concentration of different antimicrobial substances, colony morphology, and biofilm formation ability. On the theoretical side, we are currently working on modeling the system at various scales and degree of detail, ranging from coarse-grained continuum models to stochastic, individual-based models. Some exploratory work was doe to test existing software for individual-based modelling that may be adapted for our purpose. Furthermore, we are in the process of developing more coarse-grained models. This work involves some physiological modelling and literature search, focusing on working mechanisms of efflux pumps and kinetic models for import and export of antibiotics.
Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels Part 2: Heat Control and Stress Optimization
(2023)
In welding of high-strength steels, e.g., for foundations and erection structures of wind energy plants, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area, which should be removed by thermal gouging and subsequent re-welding. High shrinkage restraint of repair welds may lead to crack formation and component failure, particularly in interaction with degraded microstructures and mechanical properties due to repair cycles. This study aims for elaboration of recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking. In part 1 [1] of this study systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint on residual stresses and cold cracking risk during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures were focussed. In this part 2, the microstructure and residual stresses due to gouging and influences of heat control parameters in repair welding are analysed. A clear reduction in residual stress after gouging can be observed, especially for the specimens with restrained transverse shrinkage. Gouging to a depth of approx. 2/3 of the seam height does not lead to a complete relaxation of the observed reaction forces. Particularly for the higher strength steel S960QL, there are pronounced areas influenced by the gouging process in which a degradation of the microstructure and properties should be assumed. Overall, the repair welds show a significant increase in the width of the weld and HAZ compared to the original weld, especially in the case of S960QL/G89. The repair welds show higher welding-induced stresses than the original welds, especially in the areas of the HAZ and the base metal close to the weld seam. This behaviour can be attributed overall to increased restraint conditions due to the remaining root weld or shorter gouge grooves. In good agreement with earlier investigations, the residual stresses transverse to the weld can be significantly reduced by upwardly limited working or interpass temperatures and the reaction stresses resulting from high restraint conditions can be effectively counteracted. The influence of the heat input on the stress formation is low compared to the interpass temperature for both test materials.
Die Thermografie ist trotz ihrer ausgereiften wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Grundlagen ein noch relativ junges Mitglied in der Familie der zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren. Sie erschließt sich aufgrund einer Reihe von Vorzügen eine wachsende Anwendungsgemeinde. Für eine weitere Verbreitung insbesondere im industriellen Kontext spielen Normen, Standards und technische Regeln eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Beitrag wird der aktuelle Stand der Normung in Deutschland vorgestellt. Wir zeigen, welche Normen und technischen Regeln es für die Thermografie in Deutschland und international gibt und wir wagen einen Blick in die Zukunft. Darüber hinaus lebt auch die Normierungsarbeit von der Beteiligung durch interessierte Kreise. Dies können industrielle und akademische Anwender*innen, Hersteller*innen von Geräten, Forschungseinrichtungen oder Dienstleistungsunternehmen sein. Sie können gern Ihre Bedarfe bezüglich Normierungsprojekten mitbringen und/oder direkt an die Autoren senden.
The sustainable and resource-efficient production of wind energy plants requires the use of modern high-strength fine-grain structural steels. This applies to both foundation and erection structures, like mobile or ship cranes. During the assembly of steel structures, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area. In most cases, the economical solution would be local thermal gouging of the affected areas and re-welding. Due to the high shrinkage restraint of the joint groove in the overall structure, the superposition of global and local welding-induced stresses may lead to crack formation and component failure, particularly in interaction with the degradation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steels during the repair process. However, manufacturers hardly have any information about these issues and there is a lack of recommendations and guidelines to take these safety-relevant aspects into account in adequate repair concepts. The aim of this research is to derive recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved providing a basis for standards and guidelines to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking especially for high-strength steels. Part 1 of this study involves systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures. The quantification of the shrinkage restraint of repair weld joints was achieved by means of experimental and numerical restraint intensity analysis. In welding experiments with self-restrained slot specimens, restraint intensity and introduction of hydrogen via the welding arc using anti spatter spray were varied systematically to analyse the effect on welding result, residual stresses, and cold cracking. It could be shown that increasing restraint intensities result in significantly higher transverse residual stress levels. In the case of hydrogen introduction S500MLO showed no cold cracking independent of the restraint conditions. However, S960QL was found to be considerably cold cracking sensitive if hydrogen is introduced. With increasing restraint intensity length and number of cold cracks increases significantly. Part 2 [1] of this study is focussed on microstructure and residual stresses due to gouging and stress optimization via adequate heat control parameters in repair welding.
Interaction of L-phenylalanine with Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework: Electrochemical Analysis
(2023)
As the basic units of proteins, the importance of amino acids in organisms is self-evident and therefore detection of the concentration of amino acids is significant in monitoring human health. For example, patients suffering from phenylketonuria should be able to monitor their phenylalanine (PHE) level in a rapid, decentralized, and affordable manner to avoid high levels of PHE in the body which can lead to a profound and irreversible mental disability. Herein, a magnetic and conductive Iron based metal–organic framework (MOF) is prepared using tetrahydroxyquinone and benzene dicarboxylic acid, dual ligands. The uncoordinated carboxyl groups provided the binding sites for PHE. Physicochemical properties of MOF were characterized by XRD, SEM, DLS and FTIR analyses. The effects of different operational parameters: pH (2, 4, 6, 7.2, 8.6, 10, 12), contact time and MOF concentration were optimized for best properties using cyclic voltametric technique. The 10 µl of 1mg/ml MOF (pH 8.6) in deionized water was used as working electrode on screen-printed gold electrode. The presence of new well-defined oxidation and reduction current peak in electrochemical signal of MOF-modified SPGE sensor vs. Ag/AgCl in phosphate buffer solution (pH 1.9) remarks the quantification of PHE. The analytical calibration curve for PHE showed a linear response with concentration in the oxidation and reduction peak current range from 50 to 1000 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 35.16 µM.
Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über den Einfluss der Prozessparameter auf die Eigenspannungen sowie die Härte in additiv gefertigten Bauteilen aus hochfestem stahl. Des Weiteren wird dargestellt, wie sich das Bauteildesign und trennende Fertigungsschritte auf die Eigenspannungen der Bauteile auswirken.
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the efficient production of advanced constructions. New developments in topology optimization are leading to weight-optimized designs of increasing complexity. Direct energy deposition processes (DED) such as wire and arc-based additive manufacturing are an important method of additive manufacturing. The wire filler metals enable a wide range of materials, while the arc process provides a high deposition rate compared to laser and powder-based processes. Combined with the use of high-strength steels, the thickness of walls or components can be significantly reduced in the context of lightweight construction, which results in significant savings in energy, costs, time and resources. Suitable high-strength steel filler metals are commercially available for DED-arc AM processes. However, guidelines and quantitative knowledge about welding stresses and cold cracking issues during component production and service are lacking. This limits the industrial application considerably. In a joint project of BAM and Chemnitz University of Technology, the main influences and complex interactions of material, production process, design and processing steps on the residual stress level are investigated. The aim is to develop processing recommendations and a cold cracking test for economical processing and stress-related design of high-strength steels with DED-arc. This study focuses on residual stress analysis by neutron diffraction (ND) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on defined test specimens. The ND analysis were performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute- Villigen, Switzerland (PSI) and the XRD analysis at BAM. The study shows a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the residual stress magnitudes and distribution between the component bulk (ND) and surface (XRD) analyses. The ND analysis reveals that in DED-arc AM walls the residual stresses dominate in the direction of welding and are negligibly small in each case transverse to the direction of welding. The topology of the analyzed residual stresses shows almost identical residual stress maps compared to XRD. In addition, the residual stresses are significantly influenced by the solid phase transformation of the material due to low cooling times and less post heat treatment cycles of following AM layers in the area of the top layer.
Die Nutzung von Sensortechnologien, insbesondere im Bereich der Gasdetektion mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Wasserstoff, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen der Wasserstofftechnologie. Sicherheitsüberwachung, Leckdetektion und Prozesskontrolle gehören zu den prominenten Anwendungsgebieten dieser Sensortechnologien. Ein zentrales Ziel ist die Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die genaue Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhältnisses mithilfe von Gassensoren. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, um potenzielle Gefahren frühzeitig zu erkennen und angemessene Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt auf der Analytik und der Verwendung zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien in Verbindung mit Metrologie für die Wasserstoffspeicherung. Dies gewährleistet eine präzise und zuverlässige Charakterisierung von Wasserstoff und unterstützt die Entwicklung sicherer Speichertechnologien. Im Rahmen des Euramet-Vorhabens Metrology for Advanced Hydrogen Storage Solutions (MefHySto) wird eine Kurzvorstellung präsentiert.
Der Vortrag stellt zwei zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zum strukturellen Zustandsüberwachung (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM) für Wasserstofftechnologien vor. Insbesondere die Fehlstellenerkennung mittels geführter Ultraschallwellen spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Lebensdauerüberwachung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die Anwendung faseroptischer Sensorik zur Schadensfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Diese zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren ermöglichen eine präzise und frühzeitige Identifizierung von Schäden, was die Sicherheit und Effizienz von Wasserstoffspeichersystemen entscheidend verbessert.
The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies.
In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing.
A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem.
This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen.
The success of this energy transition and the efficient utilization of green hydrogen as a pristine energy carrier hinge upon the cultivation of hydrogen readiness, swift market expansion, and the establishment of crucial value chains within national and European contexts. Paramount to these objectives are reliable quality and safety standards, essential for ensuring supply safety, environmental compatibility, and instilling confidence in these technologies.
In the realm of safety management systems, gas sensors emerge as vital components for detecting hydrogen. This presentation delves into the imperative role of hydrogen systems, emphasizing their capability to monitor and control operations, issue warnings, signal hazardous conditions, and sound alarms. It explores the intricate landscape of functional safety considerations and addresses the challenges associated with measurement uncertainty in sensor testing.
A diverse array of sensors catering to hydrogen, pressure, temperature, and flow are available, each contributing significantly to the safety and efficiency of hydrogen technologies. Applications are envisaged to adhere meticulously to quality infrastructural regulations, codes, and standards, ensuring seamless integration and operation within the broader hydrogen ecosystem.
This discussion underscores the ubiquitous presence of sensor systems across various fields within hydrogen technologies, illustrating their multifaceted contributions to safety, reliability, and overall success in realizing the transformative potential of green hydrogen.
Additive Fertigungsverfahren wie das Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) ermöglichen die effiziente Fertigung von gewichtsoptimierten endkonturnahen Strukturen in modernen Stahlkonstruktionen. Ihre Effizienz kann weiter durch die Verwendung von hochfesten Stählen gesteigert werden. Dies erlaubt eine signifikante Einsparung von Kosten, Zeit und Ressourcen. Entsprechende Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe für Lichtbogenschweißverfahren sind kommerziell verfügbar. Fehlende Richtlinien und fehlende quantitative Kenntnisse über die schweißtechnische Beanspruchung während der Fertigung und im Betrieb limitieren den industriellen Einsatz stark. Daher werden in einem aktuellen Vorhaben (IGF-Nr. 21162 BG) der BAM und TU Chemnitz die wesentlichen Einflüsse und komplexen Interaktionen durch Werkstoff, Fertigungsprozess, Konstruktion und trennende Fertigungsschritte auf den Beanspruchungszustand untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert hierfür die Auswirkungen trennender Fertigungsschritte auf Verzug und Eigenspannungen definierter WAAM-Prüfkörper. Die Eigenspannungsanalyse erfolgt mittels Röntgenbeugung. Die große Anzahl an Ergebnissen von zuvor untersuchten Referenzproben, die mit einem speziellen WAAM-Massivdraht (Streckgrenze >820 MPa) bei unterschiedlicher Wärmeführung und Geometrie vollautomatisiert geschweißt wurden, lässt eine Korrelation der Messdaten zu. Hierzu erfolgt die Analyse des Ausgangszustandes und abschließend des Zustandes nach trennender Bearbeitung, welche begleitend mittels digitaler Bildkorrelation hinsichtlich des Verzuges untersucht wurden. So ist zu beobachten, dass die Geometrie deutlichen Einfluss auf Relaxation und Umlagerung der Eigenspannungen hat und damit die Risssicherheit positiv beeinflussen kann.
Deconvoluting the impact of early-life abuse conditions on the degradation of lithium-ion cells
(2023)
The successful repurposing of degraded lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in second-life applications is a vital step towards achieving a circular economy. While reusing aged Li-cells is a promising way of mitigating their overall environmental footprint, it is crucial to anticipate their future safety and performance characteristics . Unfortunately, predicting these properties is a cumbersome task, essentially caused by limited knowledge of the interference of different degradation modes in the cells’ first life.
To still enable estimating of these parameters from a current state, the present study systematically investigates the impacts of abusive conditions in an early phase of the cells’ life on their subsequent degradation behavior. For this purpose, individual Li-cells are initially stressed by different measures such as overcharging, deep-discharging, plating, and deliberate combinations of the aforementioned methods. Electrochemical performance indicators are monitored during subsequent cycling of the cells which provides insights into the interdependencies of different degradation modes induced by specific stress conditions. In this manner, it is clarified whether or not the total degradation can be determined by a convolution or a superposition of individual deterioration effects and, thus, be described as a multidimensional state function.
This knowledge will finally contribute to a better understanding of the performance and safety behavior of degraded Li-ion batteries which can help to successfully implement them into second-life applications.
Um den Aspekt der Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung und Schadenprävention in Wasserstofftechnologien zu integrieren, ist es entscheidend, proaktiv auf potenzielle Schwachstellen in den Systemen und Prozessen zu achten. Dies beinhaltet die Implementierung von präventiven Maßnahmen als Elemente des Sicherheitsmanagements, um mögliche Fehlerquellen zu identifizieren und zu eliminieren. Darüber hinaus sollten Schulungen gezielt auf die Vermeidung von Fehlern und die sichere Anwendung von Wasserstofftechnologien ausgerichtet sein. Eine durchdachte Strategie zur Fehlervermeidung trägt wesentlich dazu bei, Unfälle zu verhindern und die Gesamtsicherheit bei der Nutzung von Wasserstoff zu erhöhen.
Auf der Grundlage einer speziell entwickelten Werkzeugtechnologie sowie Prozessführung können die Belastungen auf das Werkzeug und die Bauteiloberfläche bei der frästechnischen Bearbeitung von Bauteilen aus dem innovativen jedoch schwer zerspanbaren Eisenaluminid deutlich reduziert werden. Die Messung der Prozesskräfte sowie der thermischen Belastung der Werkzeugschneide ermöglicht die Identifikation geeigneter Zerspanungsparameter hinsichtlich einer maximalen Werkzeuglebensdauer. Die Verwendung des ultraschallunterstützten Fräsens (USAM) besitzt vorteilhafte Einflüsse auf den Zerspanprozess, insbesondere hinsichtlich einer homogenen Bauteiloberfläche. Im Rahmen von Standzeitversuchen erfolgt durch USAM ein gleichmäßiger und im Vergleich zum konventionellen Fräsen (CM) deutlich reduzierter Werkzeugverschleiß. Mit wachsendem Zerspanvolumen verstärkt sich der positive Effekt von USAM und äußert sich in einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Rauheit und Defektdichte auf der Bauteiloberfläche.
Consequences of tolerance to disinfectants on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in E. coli
(2023)
Biocides are used as disinfectants and preservatives; one important active substance in biocides is benzalkonium chloride (BAC). BAC-tolerant bacterial strains can survive short treatments with high concentrations of BAC. BAC tolerance and resistance have been linked to antibiotic resistance. Here, the selection dynamics between a BAC-tolerant Escherichia coli strain and a sensitive wild type were investigated under four conditions: in the absence of antibiotics and in the presence of three different sub-inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in liquid cultures. The wild type was selected over the BAC-tolerant strain in the absence of antibiotics, while the BAC-tolerant strain was selected over the wild type at all ciprofloxacin concentrations investigated, with a minimum selection concentration (MSC) of 1/10th of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the wild type. Furthermore, the evolvability of resistance of the two strains to inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin was assessed by performing a serial dilution evolution experiment with gradually increasing ciprofloxacin concentrations. The wild type had a higher probability to develop resistance
to ciprofloxacin than the tolerant strain. By the end of the evolution experiment both strains evolved to grow at the highest ciprofloxacin concentration investigated, which was 2048 ×MIC of the wild type. The importance of these results is highlighted by the fact that concentrations of ciprofloxacin well above the calculated MSC can be found in environmental samples such as hospital wastewaters and livestock slurry. In turn, BAC is used as a disinfectant in the same settings. Thus, the selection of BAC-tolerant strains at sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin can contribute to the stabilization and spread of BAC-tolerance in natural populations. The prevalence of such strains can impair the effects of BAC disinfections.
To evaluate the durability of new alternative cement compositions, it is important to examine the internal transport of moisture through these materials. For this purpose, mortars were prepared from different types of cement and capillary suction experiments were carried out. The moisture transport was studied with an NMR tomograph and compared with weight easurements. With the tomograph, the total moisture input could be determined, as well as the moisture content within the samples non-destructively and spatially resolved. This allows precise observation of the moisture fronts. The tomograph was also used to determine the capillary transport
coefficient.
Im Vorhaben „MARKERIA - Bestimmung von anthropogenen Markerkonzentrationen für die SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung mittels eines Hochdurchsatzverfahrens (ELISA)“ geht es um die Bestimmung von Carbamazepin, Diclofenac, Koffein und einer endogenen Gallensäure als potentielle Marker für die Kalibrierung der SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung im Abwasser. Es ist ein Teilvorhaben des übergeordneten Projektes ESI-CorA und wird von der BAM im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes durchgeführt. Der Vortrag wurde gehalten im Rahmen der Abschlussveranstaltung des Projektes ESI-CorA. Er gab den Projektstand wieder, den UBA und BAM bis dahin erzielt hatten, das SARS-CoV-2 Virus und die anthropogenen Marker in 20 Kläranlagenzuläufen zu bestimmen und miteinander zu korrelieren.
Im Vorhaben „MARKERIA - Bestimmung von anthropogenen Markerkonzentrationen für die SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung mittels eines Hochdurchsatzverfahrens (ELISA)“ geht es um die Bestimmung von Carbamazepin, Diclofenac, Koffein und einer endogenen Gallensäure als potentielle Marker für die Kalibrierung der SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung im Abwasser. Der Vortrag wurde gehalten im Rahmen der 22. Sitzung des Begleitkreises des übergeordneten Projektes ESI-CorA. Er gab den Projektstand wieder, den die BAM bis dahin erzielt hatte. Die Marker waren in sämtlichen untersuchten Abwasser-Zulaufproben enthalten und zeigten spezifische Trends. Weitere Korrelationen müsse die weitergehende Datenauswertung ergeben.A
Alloy Modification and ultrasonic assisted milling of wear resistant alloys with defined surfaces
(2023)
The targets for reducing CO2 emissions are closely linked to the development of highly efficient and economical steel components in plant, process and power plant technology, which require wear protection coatings tailored to the application and steel material for high combined corrosive, tribological, thermal and mechanical stresses. In addition to increasing demands to replace conventional cobalt alloys with nickel alloys as a result of price and supply risks, there is a growing demand in industry for defined functional surfaces of high quality for these coatings. Milling is a standard process for finish machining. The desired properties of wear resistant alloys imply significant challenges for the milling process due to high tool wear and surface defects. Besides the hardness of the coating materials, especially due to the precipitations, inhomogeneous, anisotropic weld structures of the claddings lead to further deteriorations of milling processes due to unstable milling conditions and process forces.
A joint project of BAM and ISAF of TU Clausthal (Fosta P1550/IGF 21959 N) investigates the optimization of these challenging machining conditions by means of alloy modifications of the welding powder for plasma transferred arc cladding, without reducing the wear protection potential and using ultrasonic assisted milling process.
In this paper, the influence of the microstructure and precipitation morphology adjusted by means of alloy modification on machining is investigated. The alloy used is a NiCrMoSiFeB alloy (trade name: Colmonoy 56 PTA). Through metallurgical investigations and in-situ measurement of cutting forces and temperatures at the cutting edge during the milling process as well as the subsequent investigation of tool wear and surface integrity, a detailed analysis and correlation between microstructural properties and machinability is feasible. The findings allow recommendations for standards and processing guidelines, enabling safe and economical production of highly stressed steel components with non-critical, cost-reduced materials.
Die Ziele zur Verringerung der CO2-Emissionen sind eng verknüpft mit der Entwicklung hocheffizienter und wirtschaftlicher Komponenten aus Stahl in der Anlagen-, Verfahrens- und Kraftwerktechnik, die für hohe kombinierte korrosive, tribologische, thermische und mechanische Beanspruchungen auf Anwendungsfall und Stahlwerkstoff abgestimmte Verschleißschutzschichten erfordern. Neben zunehmenden Forderungen infolge des Preis- und Lieferrisikos konventionelle Kobalt- durch Nickellegierungen zu ersetzen, wächst in der Industrie der Bedarf nach definierten Oberflächen hoher Güte bzw. Funktionsflächen für die Schutzschichten. Eine für Bauteile mit komplexer Geometrie erforderliche Fräsbearbeitung ist insbesondere für KMU aufgrund hohen Werkzeugverschleißes oftmals nicht wirtschaftlich realisierbar, jedoch für viele Einsatzfälle dringend notwendig.
In einem Gemeinschaftsvorhaben der BAM und des ISAF der TU Clausthal (Fosta P1550/IGF 21959 N) wird daher untersucht, wie mittels Legierungsmodifikationen der Schweißzusätze für nickelbasierte plasmaauftraggeschweißte Verschleißschutzschichten und durch Einsatz innovativer ultraschallunterstützter Fräsprozesse eine günstigere Zerspanbarkeit erreicht werden kann, ohne das Verschleißschutzpotential zu mindern.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Einfluss der mittels Legierungsmodifikation eingestellten Gefüge- und Ausscheidungsmorphologie auf die Zerspanung untersucht. Dies erfolgt anhand einer typischerweise für Schneckenmaschinen eingesetzte Verschließschutzlegierung zur Substitution entsprechender CoCr-Legierungen (Stellite), einer NiCrMoSiFeB-Legierung (Handelsname: Colmonoy 56 PTA). Durch metallurgische Untersuchungen und In-situ-Messung auftretender Prozesskräfte und Temperaturen an der Werkzeugschneide beim Fräsprozesses sowie der anschließenden Untersuchung von Werkzeugverschleiß und Oberflächenintegrität ist eine detaillierte Analyse und Korrelation zwischen den mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften und der Zerspanbarkeit möglich. Die Vorgehensweise erlaubt einer Beurteilung des Einflusses der ultraschallunterstützten Fräsbearbeitung auf den Prozess sowie die resultierenden Oberflächenintegrität. Unter systematischer Anwendung dieser Methodik sowie der Berücksichtigung der Anbindung zum Stahlsubstratwerkstoff und der Wirksamkeit des Verschleißschutzes lässt sich letztlich eine gezielte Optimierung der Zerspanungssituation und des Verschleißschutzes erreichen. Die Erkenntnisse erlauben Handlungsanweisungen und Empfehlungen für Normen und Verarbeitungsrichtlinien, die besonders KMU eine sichere und wirtschaftliche Fertigung hochbelasteter Stahlkomponenten mit unkritischen, kostenreduzierten Werkstoffen ermöglichen sollen.
Laser powder bed fusion is one of the most promising additive manufacturing techniques for printing complex-shaped metal components. However, the formation of subsurface porosity poses a significant risk to the service lifetime of the printed parts. In-situ monitoring offers the possibility to detect porosity already during manufacturing. Thereby, process feedback control or a manual process interruption to cut financial losses is enabled.
Short-wave infrared thermography can monitor the thermal history of manufactured parts which is closely connected to the probability of porosity formation. Artificial intelligence methods are increasingly used for porosity prediction from the obtained large amounts of complex monitoring data. In this study, we aim to identify the potential and the challenges of deep-learning-assisted porosity prediction based on thermographic in-situ monitoring.
Therefore, the porosity prediction task is studied in detail using an exemplary dataset from the manufacturing of two Haynes282 cuboid components. Our trained 1D convolutional neural network model shows high performance (R2 score of 0.90) for the prediction of local porosity in discrete sub-volumes with dimensions of (700 x 700 x 40) μm³.
It could be demonstrated that the regressor correctly predicts layer-wise porosity changes but presumably has limited capability to predict differences in local porosity. Furthermore, there is a need to study the significance of the used thermogram feature inputs to streamline the model and to adjust the monitoring hardware. Moreover, we identified multiple sources of data uncertainty resulting from the in-situ monitoring setup, the registration with the ground truth X-ray-computed tomography data and the used pre-processing workflow that might influence the model’s performance detrimentally.
Half of the global material consumption is mineral material. The circularity is still low so that enhanced use of secondary building material is required to close loops. Three different secondary building materials are discussed based on exemplary research results: construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), soil-like material and incineration bottom ash (IBA). Focus was laid on the environmental compatibility of the materials examined mainly by standardized leaching tests. C&D waste was investigated after a wet treatment using a jigging machine, soil-like material and IBA were characterized with respect to their material composition. The environmental compatibility in particular was studied using standard leaching tests (batch tests and column tests). It was concluded that soil-like material can mostly be utilized even when the precautionary limit values set are exceeded by a factor of less than 2. For C&D waste the fine fraction below 2 mm and the content of brick material is problematic. IBA fulfills quality level HMVA-2 following German regulation. Higher quality levels of utilization might be achievable with better treatment technologies.
Im Rahmen dieses Vortrags wurden aktuelle Arbeiten der BAM im Rahmen der Forschungszusammenarbeit mit dem Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin zum primären Explosionstrauma vorgestellt. Den Schwerpunkt des Vortrags bildeten die Auswirkungen der kumulierten Belastung durch "low-level blast" auf das Gehirn von Einsatzkräften und Rückschlüsse für den Arbeitsschutz und die Arbeitsmedizin.
Residual stresses Analysis in Additively Manufactured alloys using neutron diffraction (L-PBF)
(2023)
An overview of recent progress at BAM of residual stress analysis in additively manufactured, in particular Laser Powder Bed Fusion of metallics materials, using neutron diffraction will be presented. This will cover important topics of the stress-free reference, the diffraction elastic moduli and principal stress determination.
The European Commission has identified Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Materials as two of six Key Enabling Technologies (KETs). It is considered that Metrology is a key enabler for the advancement of these KETs. Consequently, EURAMET, the association of metrology institutes in Europe, has strengthened the role of Metrology for these KETs by enabling the creation of a European Metrology Network (EMN) for Advanced Manufacturing. The EMN is comprised of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) from across Europe and was formally established in October 2021. The aim of the EMN is to provide a high-level coordination of European metrology activities for the Advanced Manufacturing community.
The EMN itself is organized in three sections representing the major stages of the manufacturing chain: 1) Advanced Materials, 2) Smart Manufacturing Systems, and 3) Manufactured Components & Products. The EMN for Advanced Manufacturing is engaging with stakeholders in the field of Advanced Manufacturing (large companies & SMEs, industry organisations, existing networks, and academia), as well as the wider Metrology community, including Technical Committees, to provide input for the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) on Metrology for Advanced Manufacturing.
This contribution will give an overview about the first version of the SRA prepared by the EMN for Advanced Manufacturing.
Sr isotope ratio analysis
(2023)
Pb isotope ratio analysis
(2023)
Detector deadtime
(2023)