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An empirical model for lithium-ion battery fires for CFD applications

  • Lithium-ion batteries are a key technology to achieve the goals of limiting climate change due to the important role as traction technology for Electric Vehicles and in stationary energy storage systems. Over(dis) charge, mechanical damage due to accidents or thermal abuse such as fires can initiate an accelerated self-heating process of the batteries, called thermal runaway. A thermal runaway can propagate from cell to cell within a larger assembly of cells such as modules or battery packs and can cause rapid heat and toxic gas emissions. The resulting battery fire can spread to adjacent facilities, e.g. other cars in underground car parks or to a whole building in case of a large stationary energy storage. For proof of fire protection requirements or to design suitable fire protection systems, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations are getting more and more important. The aim of CFD fire simulations is to predict the global hazards of a fire to its surroundings, that isLithium-ion batteries are a key technology to achieve the goals of limiting climate change due to the important role as traction technology for Electric Vehicles and in stationary energy storage systems. Over(dis) charge, mechanical damage due to accidents or thermal abuse such as fires can initiate an accelerated self-heating process of the batteries, called thermal runaway. A thermal runaway can propagate from cell to cell within a larger assembly of cells such as modules or battery packs and can cause rapid heat and toxic gas emissions. The resulting battery fire can spread to adjacent facilities, e.g. other cars in underground car parks or to a whole building in case of a large stationary energy storage. For proof of fire protection requirements or to design suitable fire protection systems, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations are getting more and more important. The aim of CFD fire simulations is to predict the global hazards of a fire to its surroundings, that is mainly characterized by the release of heat and smoke and its spread in the fire environment. There are many numerical investigations of lithium-ion batteries in the literature. One class of models is used to simulate the charge and discharge process of lithium-ion batteries and to predict the temperature or voltage evolution inside the battery. On the other hand, there are models describing batteries under abuse conditions to predict the consequences of a thermal runaway event to the local environment, like the temperatures inside a battery or at the battery surface. Henriksen et al. use a generic battery gas mixture to simulate an explosion of vented gases from a Lithium Iron Phosphate battery and compare experimental results for the explosion pressure and the position of the flame front to the outcomes of a simulation with Xifoam. Larsson et al. used a combination of CFD simulations with FDS and thermal model with COMSOL to predict the temperature development of neighboring cells in a thermal runaway propagation. Truchot et al. use a design Heat Release Rate (HRR) curve for a battery based on experimental measurements to build up an overall HRR curve for a truck loaded with 100 lithium-ion batteries. This summed up HRR and corresponding smoke production curve is then used as an input for a simulation of a truck fire in a tunnel with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The pre-definition of the HRR curve is a frequently used method in fire engineering. It has the disadvantage, that the heat release cannot be influenced by physical processes, such as changed ventilation conditions or extinguishing measures. In this paper, a model is presented that determines the release of heat and gases based on the thermal runaway mechanisms of the battery, which can be used in CFD fire simulations with focus on prediction of fire hazards to nearby environment.zeige mehrzeige weniger

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Metadaten
Autor*innen:Sascha Voigt, Felix Sträubig, A. Kwade, J. Zehfuß, Christian Knaust
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenartikel
Veröffentlichungsform:Verlagsliteratur
Sprache:Englisch
Titel des übergeordneten Werkes (Englisch):Fire Safety Journal
Jahr der Erstveröffentlichung:2023
Organisationseinheit der BAM:7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7 Bauwerkssicherheit / 7.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere
Verlag:Elsevier Ltd.
Jahrgang/Band:135
Ausgabe/Heft:135
Aufsatznummer:103725
Erste Seite:1
Letzte Seite:12
Freie Schlagwörter:Battery fires; Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD); Empirical model; Lithium-ion battery
Themenfelder/Aktivitätsfelder der BAM:Infrastruktur
DOI:10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103725
ISSN:0379-7112
Verfügbarkeit des Dokuments:Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
Datum der Freischaltung:19.04.2023
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Datum der Eintragung als referierte Publikation:19.04.2023
Paper des Monats:Ja
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