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A Mathematical Tuberculosis Model in Cameroon

Zitieren Sie bitte immer diese URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000095327-7
  • This thesis firstly presents a nonlinear extended deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis, based on realistic assumptions and data collected from the WHO. This model enables a comprehensive qualitative analysis of various aspects in the outbreak and control of tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa countries and successfully reproduces the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cameroon for the past (from 1994-2010). Some particular properties of the model and its solution have been presented using the comparison theorem applied to the theory of differential equations. The existence and the stability of a disease free equilibrium has been discussed using the Perron-Frobenius theorem and Metzler stable matrices. Furthermore, we computed the basic reproduction number, i.e. the number of cases that one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period. Rigorous qualitative analysis of the model reveals that, in contrast to the model without reinfections, the full model with reinfection exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with a stable endemic equilibrium when a certain threshold quantity, known as the basic reproduction ratio (R0), is less than unity. The global stability of the disease-free equilibrium has been discussed using the concepts of Lyapunov stability and bifurcation theory. With the help of a sensitivity analysis using data of Cameroon, we identified the relevant parameters which play a key role for the transmission and the control of the disease. This was possible applying sophisticated numerical methods (POEM) developed at ZIB. Using advanced approaches for optimal control considering the costs for chemoprophylaxis, treatment and educational campaigns should provide a framework for designing realistic cost effective strategies with different intervention methods. The forward-backward sweep method has been used to solve the numerical optimal control problem. The numerical result of the optimal control problem reveals that combined effort in education and chemoprophylaxis may lead to a reduction of 80\% in the number of infected people in 10 years. The mathematical and numerical approaches developed in this thesis could be similarly applied in many other Sub-Saharan countries where TB is a public health problem.

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Metadaten
Verfasserangaben:Dany Pascal Moualeu-Ngangue
Dokumentart:Dissertation
MSC-Klassifikation:34-XX ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
49-XX CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS AND OPTIMAL CONTROL; OPTIMIZATION [See also 34H05, 34K35, 65Kxx, 90Cxx, 93-XX]
65-XX NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
CCS-Klassifikation:I. Computing Methodologies
PACS-Klassifikation:80.00.00 INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Titel verleihende Institution:Freie Universität Berlin
Betreuer:Peter Deuflhard
Datum der Abschlussprüfung:12.09.2013
Veröffentlichende Institution:Freie Universität Berlin
Datum der Erstveröffentlichung:06.11.2013
Seitenzahl:154
URL:http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000095327
Lizenz (Deutsch):License LogoCreative Commons - Namensnennung-Nicht kommerziell
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