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- Fakultät für Angewandte Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften (10)
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We introduce a model for extractive meeting summarization based on the hypothesis that utterances convey bits of information, or concepts. Using keyphrases as concepts weighted by frequency, and an integer linear program to determine the best set of utterances, that is, covering as many concepts as possible while satisfying a length constraint, we achieve ROUGE scores at least as good as a ROUGE-based oracle derived from human summaries. This brings us to a critical discussion of ROUGE and the future of extractive meeting summarization.
This paper presents an unsupervised, graph based approach for extractive summarization of meetings. Graph based methods such as TextRank have been used for sentence extraction from news articles. These methods model text as a graph with sentences as nodes and edges based on word overlap. A sentence node is then ranked according to its similarity with other nodes. The spontaneous speech in meetings leads to incomplete, informed sentences with high redundancy and calls for additional measures to extract relevant sentences. We propose an extension of the TextRank algorithm that clusters the meeting utterances and uses these clusters to construct the graph. We evaluate this method on the AM I meeting corpus and show a significant improvement over TextRank and other baseline methods.
The advanced Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) design of the Small GEO platform is now being adapted for the first commercial mission.
The Small GEO telecommunications satellite is a new development to fill a niche in the telecom industry for small platforms weighing about 1.5 tonnes and targeting payloads of 300 kg and 3 kW. The first mission will launch into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
Small GEO is being developed by a Consortium led by OHBSystem AG. The Swedish Space Corporation is a partner in the Consortium and supplies the AOCS and Electric Propulsion (EP) subsystems. The project is currently in Phase C and the first mission will fly in 2012. This article gives an overview of the AOCS development status.
The AOCS architecture is a three-axis stabilized system using reaction wheels for attitude control, star trackers for attitude determination, and EP for orbit control. The AOCS software is being developed using model-based design techniques and test driven development. Results from subsystem level testing of flight code will be presented.
The AOCS design is characterized by a number of advances in technology beyond traditional telecom satellite designs. Perhaps the largest deviation from a traditional design is complete reliance on EP for orbit control. Angular momentum management of the reaction wheels relies solely upon EP in the nominal modes. The EP is not used in the safe modes and therefore a cold gas system is included On-board.
The cold gas system uses Xenon, the same fuel used by the EP. Another advance is the reliance upon APS-based star trackers. APS (Active Pixel Sensor) star trackers have a number of advantages over their CCD-based cousins in terms of robustness. The traditional fine sun sensor is simplified to a fault tolerant system of solar cells giving low, but more than adequate, accuracy.
In addition, a GPS sensor will be flown on-board as an experiment.
In dieser Studie wird ein objektives Verfahren für die Verständlichkeitsmessung mit dem Postlaryngektomie-Telefontest (PLTT) mittels automatischer Spracherkennungstechnik beschrieben.
31 Sprecher mit tracheoösophagealer Ersatzstimme (25 Männer und 6 Frauen; 63,4±8,7 Jahre) wurden zunächst von 11 naiven Hörern bewertet. Der vom Spracherkennungssystem ermittelte Verständlichkeitsgrad wird als Prozentsatz korrekt verstandener Wörter einer Wortkette, der Wortakkuratheit bzw. -korrektheit, angegeben und mit den subjektiv ermittelten PLTT-Werten verglichen.
Die durchschnittliche PLTT-Gesamtverständlichkeit der 11 naiven Hörer liegt bei 47%, die automatisch ermittelte Wortakkuratheit und Wortkorrektheit liegen deutlich niedriger (etwa 0% bzw. etwa 15%). Die Korrelation zwischen menschlicher und maschineller Bewertung liegt jedoch z. T. über 0,9.
Für den Gesamtverständlichkeitswert des PLTT kann mit Hilfe der automatischen Spracherkennung objektiv und effizient ein äquivalentes Maß berechnet werden.
Strong oxygen quenching following a Stern−Volmer behavior of Ir(ppy-NPh2)3 demonstrates the high technological potential for oxygen sensing applications. This compound exhibits a phosphorescence quantum yield of 70% and an emission decay time of 4.3 μs in deaerated solution. The electronic structure of the emitting triplet, being responsible for these properties, is investigated.
Experimental investigations on the sound transmission of drywall constructions at low frequencies
(2009)
Die Haftungsverteilung im Innenverhältnis zweier an der fehlerhaften Behandlung beteiligten Krankenhäuser erfolgt nicht gemäß § 426 Abs. 1 S. 1 BGB, sondern richtet sich gemäß § 254 BGB nach dem Maß der Verursachung. Maßgeblich ist dabei, mit welchem Grad von Wahrscheinlichkeit die beiderseitigen Verursachungsbeiträge zur Herbeiführung des Schadens jeweils geeignet waren. Die Haftung des einen Ersatzpflichtigen kann dabei so in den Hintergrund treten, dass der andere im Innenverhältnis allein haftet. (Leitsatz des Bearbeiters)
Objective
To identify the most important and relevant concepts of daily functioning from the perspective of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods
We conducted a consensus‐building, 3‐round, electronic mail survey with SLE patients using the Delphi technique. The Delphi technique is a structured communication process with 4 key characteristics: anonymity, iteration with controlled feedback, statistical group response, and informed input. The concepts contained in the answers of the patients were extracted and linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Results
Of the total 225 participants, 194 (86.2%) completed the questionnaires from all 3 Delphi rounds. In total, after the third Delphi round, 307 concepts were identified. Ninety concepts (55 in the domain body functions and structures, 16 in activities and participation, and 19 in environmental factors) were considered relevant by at least 50% of the participants in the third round and linked to the ICF. Twelve concepts were considered important by at least 75% of the participants.
Conclusion
The high number of concepts resulting from this large‐scale patient Delphi approach underlines the great variety of SLE patients' problems in daily functioning. The results of this patient Delphi project supplement the findings of our focus‐group study in establishing a comprehensive overview of the patient perspective in SLE.
This paper analyses the achievable performance of the orbit prediction for a geostationary satellite using clusters of electrical propulsion (EP) thrusters for station-keeping and a star tracker based attitude control system.
The challenge in the orbit prediction is that the real electrical propulsion thrust is known with limited accuracy only. In combination with thrust pointing errors, these inaccuracies can accumulate to large orbit position errors during long low thrust burn arcs.
The discrepancy between real and predicted satellite position is determined in terms of probability and as a worst case scenario.
Internationale Rückkopplung
(2009)
This article deals with the topic of damping the rates of a satellite after separation from the launcher by sensing the rates with magnetometers or gyroscopes and actually damping it with torquerods or thrusters.
In literature problems of this kind are treated by linearization which is not adequate here due to the high nonlinearity of the problem caused by the high gyroscopic torque. This paper addresses the observability and controllability of the rate dynamics for symmetric satellite bodies.
Furthermore, robust stability of any bodies is investigated by means of the Krasovskii–LaSalle principle which is a variant of Ljapunov’s Second Method. It is found that – apart from one exception - the system is robustly stable for certain conditions depending only on the gain matrix and not depending on the orbit, moments of inertia or initial conditions. The exception is that of the intuitive case of an equator type orbit, in which the satellite rotates around the magnetic field lines, in this case the satellite’s rate cannot be damped.
Several design configurations are analysed with respect to their performance and cost: Rate damping with magnetometers or gyroscopes as sensors, and torquerods and thrusters as actuators. The results are evaluated with respect to the time to reach the desired rate, the propellant and the power equivalent battery mass used.
The goal is to use the results to allow an AOCS equipment and architecture trade-off at an early project phase. The design of the rate damping control of the SWARM project is presented as an example and demonstrated with simulations.
In wood framed buildings, floors are formed by fastening wood sheathing to joists spaced at a regular interval. The sheathing is typically fastened to the joist using screws so the resulting system is a complicated periodic point-connected plate-rib structure. It is shown that the point force mobility varies significantly with position. A machine installation generally is close to discontinuities, such as at: floor edges, joist-screw locations, joints between the sheathing plates, and due to workmanship. In such cases, moment excitation might become important at some frequencies and the neglect of moments a priori can ead to inaccurate prediction of the total emission. This paper presents measured point moment mobilities with respect to the distance to discontinuities for a timber joist floor where a single layer of chipboard forms the sheathing. It is shownthat the measured point moment mobility indicates an infinite plate behaviour. This includes for positions above a joist but between screw positions. To determine the relative contribution of moments and perpendicular forces to the total structure-borne sound power, case studies of two sources, a fan unit and a whirlpool bath, are described, for various locations on a timber joist floor.
Vibrational active sources introduce structure-borne sound power to the supporting structure through all contact points and by up to six components of excitation. The total structure-borne sound power is a function of source activity, source mobility and receiver mobility and receiver mobility is expected to vary significantly with source position on lightweight structures such as timber joist floors. A case study is presented, in which the spatial variation in structure-borne sound power is examined for a fan unit mounted on a timber joist floor. The exact structure-borne power is obtained from measured source free velocity, and measured source and receiver mobility, where forces are assumed the dominant excitation mechanism. The exact calculations are computationally intensive and require large data sets, and this is generally not a practical approach for prediction purposes. In addition, manufacturers view their products as single entities and desire corresponding single values of source strength. A laboratory reception plate measurement procedure has recently been proposed which yields single equivalent values of source strength and source mobility. This paper investigates if this collapsed data format appropriately describes the dynamic behaviour of the source and especially inhomogeneous receiver structures, to obtain estimates of total structure-borne sound power within acceptable accuracy. Since measured receiver data is usually not available, an approximate method is described, of estimating the point and transfer mobility, based on infinite beam and infinite plate behaviour. The single equivalent receiver mobility then is easily obtained and, when used in combination with single equivalent source data, yields an approximate prediction of the total installed power. Single equivalent estimates of structure-borne sound power are compared with exact values obtained from full mobility formulations. Results indicate that the accuracy of the approximate prediction may be sufficient for such installations.
Optimization of lightweight floors in the low frequency range with a FEM based prediction model
(2009)
The impact noise transmission at low frequencies is a well
known problem of lightweight floors, which is treated in
many publications. A satisfying solution, considering the
different construction principles of lightweight floors,
could not be found so far. To overcome this problem a
FEM based prediction model for the optimization of the
floor construction and the improvement of the impact
sound insulation has been developed and applied in a
current research project at th
e TU München. The details of
the prediction model were published in [1]-[3]. This
contribution gives an overview of the prediction model
and shows the results of the computations and the
construction rules developed for optimized lightweight
floors.
In this paper, we present our experience in designing and teaching of our first robotics course for students at primary school level.
The course was carried out over a comparatively short period of time, namely 6 weeks, 2 hours per week. In contrast to many other projects, we use robots that researchers used to conduct their research and discuss problems faced by these researchers. Thus, this is not a behavioural study but a hands-on learning experience for the students.
The aim is to highlight the development of autonomous robots and artificial intelligence as well as to promote science and robotics in schools.
Objective: To explore whether the concepts important to patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) are covered by the most commonly used instruments measuring functioning.
Method: A qualitative multicentre study using a focus group technique was performed in five European countries: Austria, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The qualitative data analysis followed a modified form of “meaning condensation” and used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a theoretical framework. Finally, the concepts from the focus groups were compared with the content of the most commonly used instruments which had been identified in an earlier theoretical analysis.
Results: Fifty-six people (51 women, mean (SD) age 62.7 (7.9) years) with hand OA participated in this study in two focus groups per centre. 63 concepts were extracted from the focus groups. Twenty-one (33%) of the 63 concepts were covered by at least one instrument. Psychological consequences, different qualities of pain, aesthetic changes and leisure activities are important concepts from the focus groups which were not covered by the instruments. The qualitative analysis revealed detailed descriptions of pain-concerning sensations, levels and a certain relation to activity, none of which were fully represented in the instruments routinely used.
Conclusion: It was possible to combine the concepts of the focus groups from each centre into a common qualitative analysis. The concepts important to people with hand OA are not fully represented in the most commonly used instruments.
3-hydroxyflavone is a prototype system for excited state intramolecular proton transfer which is one step of a closed loop photocycle. It was intensively studied for the bare molecule and for the influence of solvents. In the present paper this photocycle is investigated for 3-hydroxyflavone and some hydrated complexes when doped into superfluid helium droplets by the combined measurement of fluorescence excitation spectra and dispersed emission spectra. Significant discrepancies in the proton transfer behavior to gas phase experiments provide evidence for the presence of different complex configurations of the hydrated complexes in helium droplets. Moreover, for bare 3-hydroxyflavone and its hydrated complexes the proton transfer appears to be promoted by the helium environment.
A pulsed valve connected to a closed-cycle cryostat was optimized for producing helium droplets. The pulsed droplet beam appeared with a bimodal size distribution. The leading part of the pulse consists of droplets suitable for doping with molecules. The average size of this part can be varied between 104 and 106 helium atoms, and the width of the distribution is smaller as compared to a continuous-flow droplet source. The system has been tested in a single pulse mode and at repetition rates of up to 500 Hz with almost constant intensity. The droplet density was found to be increased by more than an order of magnitude as compared to a continuous-flow droplet source.
Die Holzbauweise wird zunehmend auch in öf-
fentlichen Gebäuden wie Verwaltungsgebäuden,
Schulen und Kindergärten eingesetzt. Gerade bei
Schulen und Kindergärten werden dadurch be-
reits junge Menschen mit dem natürlichen Bau-
stoff Holz durch seine angenehme Optik und
Haptik in positiver Weise vertraut gemacht.
Diesen „Wohlfühlkriterien“ vorangestellt sind na-
türlich gerade in öffentlichen Gebäuden die Si-
cherheitsaspekte der Statik und des Brandschut-
zes. Auch die Anforderungen an die Raumakus-
tik, den Schallschutz und das Schwingungsverhal-
ten der Decken sind zu berücksichtigen. Hierbei
beziehen sich die Anforderungen an das Schwin-
gungsverhalten auf spürbare Schwingungen, die
in einem Frequenzbereich unterhalb des mensch-
lichen Hörbereichs liegen. Die Anforderungen an
den (Tritt-) Schallschutz beziehen sich hingegen
auf abgestrahlte Körperschallschwingungen in-
nerhalb des Hörbereichs.
Während die Kriterien des Brandschutzes und der
Statik bereits bei der Entwicklung eines Holzbau-
elements zur Marktreife berücksichtigt werden
und auch für die Raumakustik optimierte Holz-
bauelemente mit integriertem Schallabsorber zur
Verfügung stehen, liegen zum Schwingungsver-
halten weitgespannter Holzdecken und dem ent-
sprechenden Nachweis nach DIN 1052 [2] noch
zu wenige allgemein gültige Aussagen bzw. Kon-
struktionsregeln vor. Auch Decken mit geringen
Trittschallübertragungen bei den subjektiv domi-
nanten tiefen Frequenzen sind bislang nur verein-
zelt zu finden. Diese Ausgangssituation wurde
von zwei aktuellen Forschungsprojekten der
TU München, des ift-Rosenheim und des IBP
Stuttgart (Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik), un-
ter Koordination der DGfH aufgegriffen. Nach-
folgend wird der bisherige Stand der z.T. noch laufenden Projekte dargelegt, konstruktive Lö-
sungsansätze aufgezeigt und eine gelungene
Umsetzung an einem Schulgebäude in Rosen-
heim vorgestellt
Schall- und schwingungsoptimierte Holzdecken - Bemessungs- und Konstruktionshilfen für die Praxis
(2009)
Die Holzbauweise wird zunehmend auch in öffentliche
n Gebäuden wie
Verwaltungsgebäuden, Schulen und Kindergärten einge
setzt. Gerade bei Schulen und
Kindergärten werden dadurch bereits junge Menschen
mit dem natürlichen Baustoff
Holz durch seine angenehme Optik und Haptik in posi
tiver Weise vertraut gemacht.
Diesen „Wohlfühlkriterien“ vorangestellt sind natü
rlich gerade in öffentlichen
Gebäuden die Sicherheitsaspekte der Statik und des
Brandschutzes. Auch die
Anforderungen an die Raumakustik, den Schallschutz
und das Schwingungsverhalten
der Decken sind zu berücksichtigen. Hierbei beziehe
n sich die Anforderungen an das
Schwingungsverhalten auf spürbare Schwingungen, di
e in einem Frequenzbereich
unterhalb
des menschlichen Hörbereichs liegen. Die Anforderu
ngen an den (Tritt-)
Schallschutz beziehen sich hingegen auf abgestrahl
te Körperschallschwingungen
innerhalb
des Hörbereichs.
Während die Kriterien des Brandschutzes und der Sta
tik bereits bei der Entwicklung
eines Holzbauelements zur Marktreife berücksichtigt
werden und auch für die
Raumakustik optimierte Holzbauelemente mit integrie
rtem Schallabsorber zur
Verfügung stehen, liegen zum Schwingungsverhalten w
eitgespannter Holzdecken und
dem entsprechenden Nachweis nach DIN 1052 [2] noch
zu wenige allgemein gültige
Aussagen bzw. Konstruktionsregeln vor. Auch Decken
mit geringen
Trittschallübertragungen bei den subjektiv dominant
en tiefen Frequenzen sind bislang
nur vereinzelt zu finden. Diese Ausgangssituation w
urde von zwei aktuellen
Forschungsprojekten der TU München, des ift- Rosenh
eim und des ibp Stuttgart
(Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik), unter Koordina
tion der DGfH aufgegriffen.
Nachfolgend wird der bisherige Stand der z. T. noch
laufenden Projekte dargelegt,
konstruktive Lösungsansätze aufgezeigt und eine gel
ungene Umsetzung an einem
Schulgebäude in Rosenheim vorgestellt.
Single equivalent excitation for the structure-borne power from machines on ribbed-plate structures
(2009)
Machines impart structure-borne power into connected and supporting structures through all contact points and by up to six components of excitation. It is recognised that considering all transmission paths for prediction purposes generally is not a practical approach, due to the large data and computational requirements. Reduced data sets and less computationally demanding procedures are sought which give the total power to the accuracy appropriate for the particular engineering design requirement. In this paper, single equivalent source and receiver values are considered for machines on ribbed-plate structures. In this case, large variations in the structural dynamics at the contact positions can be expected, and spatial averaging will lead to loss of accuracy. Single equivalent values have been assembled from measured source and receiver data. Case studies are described, for a fan unit and a whirlpool bath, on a timber-joist floor, which is a complicated periodic point-connected plate-rib structure. Approximate estimates of structure-borne power are compared with exact values obtained from full mobility matrix formulations. The case studies presented indicate the loss of accuracy of the prediction, which, in many situations, may be sufficiently small to allow such simplifications.
The presentation of a subset of studied items as retrieval cues can have detrimental effects on recall of the remaining (target) items. In three experiments we examined whether such part-list cueing impairment depends on the similarity between cue and target items. Item similarity was manipulated by making use of pre-experimental semantic similarities between cue and target items (Experiments 1 and 2), or was episodically induced through a similarity-encoding task, in which participants were asked to interrelate cue and target items in a meaningful way (Experiment 3). In all three experiments reliable part-list cueing impairment arose when the similarity between cues and targets was low, but no impairment was found when the similarity between cues and targets was high. Inhibitory as well as non-inhibitory explanations of the findings are discussed.
Towards a Language-independent Intelligibility Assessment of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
(2009)
We describe a novel evaluation system for the intelligibility assessment of children with CLP on standardized tests. The system is solely based on standard cepstral features in form of MFCCs. No other information like word alignments is used. So the system can be easily adapted to other languages. For each child one GMM is created by adaptation of a UBM to the speaker-specific MFCCs. The components of this GMM are concatenated in order to create a so-called GMM supervector. These GMM supervectors are then used as meta features for an SVR. We evaluated our language-independent system on two different datasets of children suffering from CLP. One dataset contains recordings of 35 German children, where the children named different pictograms. The other dataset contains recordings of 14 Italian speaking children, who repeated standardized sentences. On both datasets we achieved high correlations: up to 0.81 for the German dataset and 0.83 for the Italian dataset.
Unité et diversité - l'"interculturel" comme héritage des situations culturelles de recoupement
(2009)