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Institute
Prototyping ist für die Validierung aller Geschäftsphasen sinnvoll. Viele Wirtschaftsstudierende, Absolventinnen und Absolventen sind jedoch derzeit kaum in der Lage, digitale Prototypen ohne die Unterstützung und Erfahrung von Designerinnen und Designern, Entwicklerinnen und Entwicklern sowie Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieuren zu erstellen. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, den Ansatz des Rapid Prototypings im Rahmen der Higher Business Education zu beleuchten, und legt den Schwerpunkt auf die eigenständige Entwicklung und das Testen von Prototypen. Verschiedene digitale Hilfsmittel werden vorgestellt und ein exemplarischer Kursablauf beschreibt, wie Rapid Prototyping digital und analog in modernen Lehrplänen von Business Schools einsetzbar ist. Als zentrales Ergebnis ist erkennbar, dass Rapid Prototyping im akademischen Kontext als Win-win-Situation für alle relevanten Stakeholder fungieren kann. Studierende schätzen die motivierende und direkte Arbeitsatmosphäre. Sie lernen, kollaborativ an digitalen Prototypen zu arbeiten und diese im Rahmen von Problem-Lösungs-Fit-Tests analog mit ersten Nutzenden zu testen. Dozierende können theoretischen Input in konkrete Use Cases einbringen und digitale mit analoger Lehre verknüpfen. Hochschulmanagerinnern und -manager schärfen das Profil ihrer Institution und Unternehmenspartner erhalten akademisch validierte Testergebnisse und den Kontakt zu digital ausgebildeten potenziellen Mitarbeitenden.
TikTok steht wegen des fesselnden UX-Designs sowie des kontrovers diskutierten Datenschutzes im Fokus. Diese Feasibility-Studie zeigt, wie Mobile Affective Computing Research die implizit-emotionale UX zuverlässig und objektiv messen kann. Die Ergebnisse implizieren, dass TikTok bereits im Onboarding positive Emotionen auslöst und die emotionale Bindung mit zunehmender Nutzung — vor allem aufgrund des Personalisierungsalgorithmus — verstärkt.
Social media usage has greatly increased during the pandemic. The use of social media has been linked to mental health consequences. Especially TikTok is under scrutiny because of its captivating UX Design as well as controversial privacy policies. This study shows how Mobile Affective Computing Research can reliably and objectively measure the implicit-emotional UX. The results suggest that TikTok triggers positive emotions during onboarding and strengthens the emotional bond with increasing usage - mainly due to the personalization algorithm. In particular, the study further reveals that there are no clear relationships when “only self-reported data” is used to understand app usage behavior. However, emotion data based on facial coding shows that TikTok users get emotionally aroused. Initially, a positive and relaxed mood triggers further usage time, while - counter-intuitively - later sessions result in an increasingly negative and aroused mood. However, people are largely unaware of these relationships when questioned. Thus, implicit measures, such as facial coding, may help identify valid social media usage reactions. These results yield implications that call for political regulation considering aspects of social media apps and user behavior.
Due to rapidly rising prices caused by inflation, the current political situation, and the critical impact on the environment through agricultural pollution, sustainable purchasing decisions become increasingly important. A meta-label that offers consumers orientation for a more ecologically, economically, and ethically conscious consumption is a possible tool for changing and adapting the food industry to the current challenges of the environment and society.
A sustainable transformation of current agricultural systems is inevitable. A reform of the value-added tax system represents a possible path for this transformation. Positive monetary incentives for sustainable food and negative monetary incentives for products with high externalities can provide impetus for sustainable agriculture on both the consumer and producer side. This would not only contribute to reaching national and international targets for organic farming, but also to reducing environmental damage.
Veganism is a dietary trend that is in line with the needed change towards a sustainable food system and nutrition but it is only accepted by the population to a limited extent. In this study, the lack of acceptance of society is identified by both a review and a consumer survey. In this context, current food patterns in relation to sociodemographic characteristics are analysed, motives of consumer behaviour related to omnivorous and vegan nutrition are compared and incentives for the purchase of sustainable products as well as the factors for acceptance of vegan nutrition are highlighted.
Entwicklung eines Frameworks zur Monetarisierung externer Gesundheitskosten von Lebensmitteln
(2023)
Quantification and subsequent monetization of dietary externalities is essential to incentivise healthier and more sustainable diets. In this way, positive monetary incentives can be set for under-consumed foods such as fruits or whole grain products and negative monetary incentives for overconsumed foods such as red or processed meat. This not only promotes a shift to healthier diets, but also motivates a move towards a more ecological agricultural economy.
A long-term improvement of the current animal husbandry is inevitable. Animal welfare is one of the six areas of externalities and so imposes hidden costs that are currently not priced into food products. A framework to monetize animal welfare and thus account the true food prices would not only yield these external costs, but also provide the opportunity to reform husbandry conditions on German farms. Potential price premiums raised for animal welfare could finance investment projects to improve husbandry.
Sustainable performance demands to show a sustained competitive advantage that lasts a long period. “Industrial Parks” is now the gateway to sustainable development, especially in the least developing countries like Ethiopia, for example. The industrial parks are highly attracting foreign direct investment and working for the inclusive development of the country. Though this is a good start, the capability is at an initial stage and needs support in terms of their performance towards creating a sustainable operation. Based on the evidence of both theoretical and empirical literature findings, this study paper conducted a review and identified the sustainability measures and practices from which it tries to filter the key capability measures and practices for the Ethiopian industrial parks. For integrating the identified practices and measures, as a methodological approach, the theory of dynamic capability process is considered, encompassing sensing, learning, and transforming the cyclic loop. Practices and measures are incorporated in each process of dynamic capability pillars. A conceptual model was developed as the final output showing the holistic map of the integrated sustainability measures and practices. The measures and practices identified will fully support the sustainable growth and decision process of the industrial park operation. It also adds value to the body of knowledge in industrial sustainability in special economic zones.
Current crises (i.e., climate crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the resulting energy and food shortages) indicate the need for robust, and sustainable supply chains with regional food production and farmland to secure food supply in the European Union (EU). Recent research shows that organic food is more resilient to supply chain disruptions and price fluctuations. In this context, we examine an approach for the sustainable and resilient transformation of agri-food networks: can an adaptation of value added tax (VAT) levels work as a financial incentive to amplify resilient agricultural practices and sustainable dietary patterns? Within the setting of the amendment of the European framework directive on the use of VAT in 2022, we model the effects of adapting the current German VAT system by (1) reducing VAT on organic vegetarian food to 0% and (2) raising VAT on conventional meat and fish to 19%. Based on historical data on organic sales shares and price elasticities, we project sales shares differentiated by product group for each scenario. Then, we calculate expected tax revenues, changes in consumption patterns, and arising total external climate costs in Germany for both scenarios. Our results show that the overall consumption share of organic food would increase by 21.83% due to the modeled VAT reform compared to the status quo. Despite the VAT reduction to 0% on organic vegetarian products, the measure would yield €2.04 billion in extra tax revenues in Germany per year due to the increased taxation on conventional meat products. We find that annual environmental costs of €5.31 billion can be avoided as a result of lower external climate costs of organic and vegetarian food. Therefore, adjusting VAT rates in the food market can be a political instrument to drive organic food consumption and reduce animal livestock. This supports re-territorialization of agriculture and a more sustainable and resilient European food supply.
Climate change and its damaging consequences for ecology and humanity is advancing. Industry and its metals sector are responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions. Current costs of industrial goods do not reflect the true costs caused by the externalized climate damages of its production and thus offer no competitive incentive to decarbonize. Additionally, regional climate regulation can lead to competitive distortion. We therefore aim to investigate the impact of climate cost internalization on the metals industry. Using true-cost analysis for an exemplary and widely used metal product, the effects of climate true costs depending on production region, technology, and energy mix, CO2e taxation and value chain are examined. Based hereon, the impact of internalizing climate true costs together with the introduction of a carbon-border tax on the carbon leakage problem, climate protection, and the cost situation for companies in global competition are investigated. The results of the study show that steel and wire production is responsible for most CO2e emissions showing significant decarbonization effects by steel recycling whereas production location and logistics play a minor role. On a competitive level, cost internalization has hardly any effect on the product costs because of the currently low CO2e-taxation rates. Thus, almost no incentive to produce or consume in a climate-protective way is generated, incentivizing production in pollution havens versus highly climate regulated regions. Instead, to realize emission efficiency gains and innovations leading to a competitive advantage of decarbonized products and value chains, a significant increase of CO2e-taxation rates together with a carbon-border tax is necessary.
The Anthropocene, marked by human-induced climate change, necessitates urgent action to address climate goals and respect planetary boundaries. While sustainability research provides knowledge, the first challenge lies in communicating the findings in an adequate manner to the public and several stakeholders, such as economic and political actors. Therefore, this study explores the significance of science communication in sustainability science, focusing on a case study—the True Cost Accounting (TCA) campaign by the University of Greifswald, Technical Institute of Nuremberg, and German retailer PENNY. TCA herein serves as a transparency tool, economic incentive, and discussion basis for sustainable consumption. This study investigates consumer perceptions of ecological prices of foods through a face-to-face survey during the 2023 PENNY campaign, comparing results to an informational campaign carried out in 2021. Findings indicate a high awareness of the true cost campaign in 2023, with 50.8% of participants hearing about it. Consumers’ willingness to pay true costs and potential behavior changes were explored. In comparison to results from the informational campaign of 2021, customers showed a decrease in this WTP when the true prices would actually impact their spending, indicating an attitude–behavior gap. In addition, a willingness to reduce the consumption of animal foods—if TCA was implemented—of 60.5% was determined, suggests that TCA has the potential for sustainable behavior change. This study highlights factors that influence consumer attitudes and preferences regarding the inclusion of TCAs, such as environmental, social, and animal welfare costs. Customers’ understanding of increased prices like,
in this case, the compensation for environmental and social costs—is an argument in favor of true prices. The results emphasize the need for differentiated scientific communication strategies to bridge knowledge and action gaps in sustainability science.
Entwicklung eines Frameworks zur Monetarisierung externer Gesundheitskosten von Lebensmitteln
(2023)
Quantification and subsequent monetization of dietary externalities is essential to incentivise healthier and more sustainable diets. In this way, positive monetary incentives can be set for under-consumed foods such as fruits or whole grain products and negative monetary incentives for overconsumed foods such as red or processed meat. This not only promotes a shift to healthier diets, but also motivates a move towards a more ecological agricultural economy.
Agriculture is one of the world's biggest polluters. Consumers are misled towards demand of unsustainable and inadequately priced food products by an insufficient internalization of externalities. Shifting demand towards more sustainable dietary choices can lead to a sustainable transition of agri-food networks. In this study, we evaluate environmental damage economically: we combine environmental assessment of different food products with the internalization of their monetary impacts. Life Cycle Assessments are modeled for conventional and organic foods and different production scenarios. The quantified environmental impacts are combined with True Cost Accounting to adjust food prices according to their environmental impacts. Using this framework for 22 German agricultural products, we find that on average, crop production generates externalities of about €0.79 per kg for conventional and about €0.42 for organic products. Conventional milk and eggs cause additional costs of about €1.29 per kg on average in organic systems and about €1.10 in organic ones. Conventional and organic meat generate externalities of €4.42 and €4.22 per kg, respectively, with beef generating the highest costs of all. The environmental favorability of organic products is confirmed, but the resulting organic market prices after internalization still exceed conventional prices. Externalities represent a negative impact on societal welfare, which should be addressed by policies supporting transparent pricing approaches.
3D printing technology is rapidly transforming supply chains across diverse manu-facturing sectors, enabling personalisation of consumer goods ranging from car parts, medical devices, toys, houses, and even clothing. Food production is also included in the breadth of applications of this expanding technology. Increasing consumer awareness about sustainability, including the problem of food waste, as well as growing interest in customised nutrition have led to the emergence of food industry research focused on aspects, such as packaging, portion size, and healthy sustainable ingredients, to satisfy consumer demands. The growing market for personalised food options in particular, requires increased flexibility and agility to tailor ingredients to an individual’s specific requirements. Such specificity is not easily fulfilled using traditional mass production methods; however, the emerging technology of 3D food printing (3DFP) may be one solution. This paper evaluates the opportunities, risks, and challenges associated with 3DFP, with a focus on developing sustainable supply chains for future growth. Drawing on 12 semi-structured interviews with 3DFP industry managers and current literature in the domain, we propose three supply chain models for 3DFP services, as well as an overview of the key business drivers.
Additive manufacturing
(2022)
Using Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), this paper explores the changing state of Supply Chain (SC) complexities and dependencies resulting from Additive Manufacturing (AM) adoption, analysing implications for competitiveness. We utilised an adapted SC configuration framework to develop embedded case studies across the Aerospace, Automotive and Power Generation industries. The sample included fifteen companies deploying metal AM across three SC tiers. Using an abductive logic, our findings reveal that the complexity and dependency-reduction potential of AM depends on economic, industry, geographical, organisational and technological factors. We developed a conceptual framework for AM SC configuration and four propositions, which provide further insights into the interplay between SC complexities, dependencies and competitiveness. By utilising RDT, we contribute to the AM SC configuration literature by highlighting the mediating role that dependencies play in achieving competitiveness, as well as strategies adopted by firms to mitigate uncertainty. We also highlight the interplay between ‘relationship and governance’ and three other SC configuration dimensions in relation to competitiveness. Insights into the changing state of complexities and dependencies identified in this study could also support managerial decisions in AM SC design.
Plant-based protein food products are considered healthier, more nutritious, and substantially ‘greener’ than meat-based dietary offerings. For reasons such as these plant protein sources including peas/legumes, soy and algae are experiencing unpre-cedented market popularity. Amidst the multitude of alternative protein-based foods on offer, peas are the most promising plant-protein source as they contain all the essential amino acids and have a well-balanced nutritional profile in terms of fat and fibre. However, understanding the extent of the market feasibility of the respective pea protein supply chains (SCs), based on practical expertise, is of utmost importance for policymakers and industrialists alike to evaluate the growth potential of peas as a protein source. To this end, a survey was conducted among pea SC stakeholders to create an understanding of the level of market feasibility of pea protein-based products. A SWOT analysis consolidated the different views and resulted in the
identification of specific strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the industry. By focusing on understanding the challenges and prospects within peaprotein product SCs, this research provides a springboard for further research investigations into related plant protein-based products. The resulting blueprint of recommended initiatives can help inform the further development of pea protein SCs.
Despite the abundance of articles addressing global supply chain risks and their mitigation strategies, there are surprisingly few insights into how different industries manage global supply chain risks while internationalising abroad. There are conflicting results from previous researches that specific global supply chain risk management practices work in one industry but not in others. We believe that in each industry sector, the global supply chain risks and their mitigation strategies differ. We used profile deviation and ideal profile methodology to identify top performers in three industry sectors (Audit, Finance and Consulting, Automotive, and IT and Software) and evaluated their best practices towards managing global supply chain risks. This study used an online survey to gather information on how Indian executives across these industries manage global supply chain risks during their internationalisation process and found the ‘ideal’ risk mitigation profiles for all three industries. These findings provide new insights to practitioners as they will serve as a useful reference tool for Indian executives planning to internationalise.