@misc{KochRiehle2023, author = {Koch, Christian and Riehle, Dirk}, title = {Schema Inference with Explainable AI for Data Engineering in Government Institutions}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1160}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-11609}, pages = {2 -- 6}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Data engineering is an integral part of the data science process. It comprises tasks such as data ingestion, data transformation, and data quality assurance. In order to fulfill these tasks, schema inference is an important capability. Its goal is to detect the structure of a dataset and to derive metadata on hierarchies, data types, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to automate schema inference and thus increase the efficiency of the data science process. However, as government institutions are subject to special regulations, explainability of AI models can be a mandatory requirement. Goal of this research protocol is to plan a systematic review of literature on schema inference with explainable AI (XAI) for data engineering in government institutions.}, subject = {Explainable Artificial Intelligence}, language = {en} } @techreport{KochStadi2024, author = {Koch, Christian and Stadi, Markus}, title = {Why Retraining Can Be Harder Than Training}, series = {Towards Data Science}, journal = {Towards Data Science}, publisher = {Medium}, pages = {ohne Z{\"a}hlung}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In a rapidly changing world, humans are required to quickly adapt to a new environment. Neural networks show why this is easier said than done. Our article uses a perceptron to demonstrate why unlearning and relearning can be costlier than learning from scratch.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @techreport{RothZimmermannBahlinger2023, author = {Roth, Anna and Zimmermann, Roland and Bahlinger, Thomas}, title = {KI-Potenzial-Scanning f{\"u}r die Stadt N{\"u}rnberg}, volume = {2023}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1197}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-11976}, pages = {2 -- 18}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mit dem im Jahr 2022 initiierten Projekt „KI-Potenzial-Scanning" soll ein Vorgehensmodell erprobt werden, um f{\"u}r die Stadt N{\"u}rnberg konkrete Einsatzpotenziale identifizierbar zu machen. F{\"u}r das KI-Potenzial-Scanning ist das Ziel, f{\"u}r die Stadt N{\"u}rnberg anhand eines ausgew{\"a}hlten, st{\"a}dtischen Arbeitsfeldes Potenzialbereiche f{\"u}r den Einsatz von KI-basierten, digitalen Systemen zu eruieren. Die Eingrenzung des zu untersuchenden Arbeitsfeldes erfolgt {\"u}ber mehrere Workshops in enger Abstimmung mit dem Amt f{\"u}r Digitalisierung und Prozessorganisation.}, subject = {Verwaltung}, language = {de} } @techreport{BahlingerZimmermannRoth, author = {Bahlinger, Thomas and Zimmermann, Roland and Roth, Anna}, title = {Erfahrungsfeld KI}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1191}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-11912}, pages = {2 -- 14}, abstract = {Im Rahmen eines Gemeinschaftsprojekts haben die Stadt N{\"u}rnberg und die Technische Hochschule N{\"u}rnberg unter Einbindung didaktischer Ans{\"a}tze aus Forschung und Lehre ein Grobkonzept erarbeitet, welches KI f{\"u}r Verwaltungsmitarbeitende greifbar machen soll - das Erfahrungsfeld KI}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {de} } @misc{KochRiehle2024, author = {Koch, Christian and Riehle, Dirk}, title = {Schema Inference with Explainable AI for Data Engineering in Government Institutions}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1505}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-15059}, pages = {2 -- 6}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Data engineering is an integral part of the data science process. It comprises tasks such as data ingestion, data transformation, and data quality assurance. In order to fulfill these tasks, schema inference is an important capability. Its goal is to detect the structure of a dataset and to derive metadata on hierarchies, data types, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to automate schema inference and thus increase the efficiency of the data science process. However, as government institutions are subject to special regulations, explainability of AI models can be a mandatory requirement. Goal of this research protocol is to plan a systematic review of literature on schema inference with explainable AI (XAI) for data engineering in government institutions. This second version includes adjustments resulting from the first iteration of the review.}, subject = {Explainable Artificial Intelligence}, language = {en} } @misc{KochKogelheideLorenz2023, author = {Koch, Christian and Kogelheide, Lucie and Lorenz, Raphael}, title = {Post-Quantum Cryptography with Python and Linux}, series = {Towards Data Science}, journal = {Towards Data Science}, publisher = {Medium}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-10814}, pages = {7 (ungez{\"a}hlt)}, year = {2023}, abstract = {If we believe Edward Snowden, encryption is "the only true protection against surveillance". However, advances in quantum technology might endanger this safeguard. Our article discusses why quantum computing poses a threat to data security and what to do about it. Instead of a purely theoretical analysis, we build on code examples using Python, C, and Linux.}, subject = {Computersicherheit}, language = {en} } @misc{KochStadiBerle2023, author = {Koch, Christian and Stadi, Markus and Berle, Lukas}, title = {From Data Engineering to Prompt Engineering}, series = {Towards Data Science}, journal = {Towards Data Science}, publisher = {Medium}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-10829}, pages = {9 (ungez{\"a}hlt)}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Data engineering makes up a large part of the data science process. In CRISP-DM this process stage is called "data preparation". It comprises tasks such as data ingestion, data transformation and data quality assurance. In our article we solve typical data engineering tasks using ChatGPT and Python. By doing so, we explore the link between data engineering and the new discipline of prompt engineering.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @misc{KochRiehleMueller2024, author = {Koch, Christian and Riehle, Dirk and M{\"u}ller, Katharina}, title = {Schema Inference for Tabular Data with Explainable Artificial Intelligence}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1560}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-15601}, pages = {2 -- 6}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Data engineering is an integral part of the data science process. It comprises tasks such as data ingestion, data transformation, and data quality assurance. In order to fulfill these tasks, schema inference is an important capability. Its goal is to detect the structure of a dataset and to derive metadata on hierarchies, data types, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to automate schema inference and thus increase the efficiency of the data science process. However, as government institutions are subject to special regulations, explainability of AI models can be a mandatory requirement. Goal of this research protocol is to plan a systematic review of literature on schema inference for tabular data with explainable AI (XAI). This third version was derived from two earlier review protocols.}, subject = {Explainable Artificial Intelligence}, language = {en} } @article{MehrensRaiznerGaugler2022, author = {Mehrens-Raizner, Marie C. and Gaugler, Tobias}, title = {Was kosten Lebensmittel unter Einbeziehung von Umwelt-Folgekosten?}, series = {Die Unternehmung}, volume = {76}, journal = {Die Unternehmung}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nomos Verlag}, issn = {0042-059X}, doi = {10.5771/0042-059X-2022-2-143}, pages = {143 -- 163}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die externen Umweltfolgekosten von Lebensmitteln in Deutschland zu quantifizieren, die w{\"a}hrend des Produktionsprozess sowie der vorgelagerten Lieferkette entstehen. Um die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt zu kompensieren, sollten externe Effekte nach dem Verursacherprinzip der UN in allen Lebensmittelpreisen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Auf Basis einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche und in Anlehnung an die Methode von Fitzpatrick und Young (2017) werden die externen Kosten der deutschen Agrarproduktion im Jahr 2016 berechnet. W{\"u}rden Umweltfolgen der deutschen Lebensmittelproduktion und des Konsums wie Treibhausgase, vermeidbare Lebensmittelabf{\"a}lle und Biodiversit{\"a}tsverluste in die Preise einfließen, w{\"a}re nach unseren Berechnungen eine durchschnittliche Preiserh{\"o}hung von 43 \% auf der Einzelhandelsebene notwendig. Unsere Ergebnisse verdeutlichen das Ausmaß der aktuellen Fehlbepreisung und die damit verbundenen, dringenden Ver{\"a}nderungsbedarfe im Lebensmittelsektor.}, language = {de} } @techreport{FrommEbingerHeymannetal.2024, author = {Fromm, Sabine and Ebinger, Frank and Heymann, Tiffany and Simon-Erhardt, Franziska}, title = {Zur Wohnsituation einkommensarmer Haushalte in N{\"u}rnberg}, doi = {10.34646/thn/ohmdok-1750}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:92-opus4-17508}, pages = {139}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Ziel des Projektes ist es, die tats{\"a}chliche Wohnsituation von einkommensschwachen Haushalten in der Stadt N{\"u}rnberg empirisch zu erfassen. Als einkommensschwache Haushalte werden Haushalte in die Untersuchung aufgenommen, die Mindestsicherungsleistungen (MSL) beziehen sowie sogenannte Grenzhaushalte mit geringen Einkommen. Diese Haushalte werden im Rahmen der Studie hinsichtlich der aktuellen Wohnsituation untersucht, insbesondere in Hinblick auf den baulich-energetischen Sanierungszustand der Wohnung. Ferner sollte untersucht werden, ob hier m{\"o}gliche Unterschiede zwischen MSL-Haushalten und „Grenzhaushalten" existieren, um m{\"o}gliche sozialpolitische Erkenntnisse ableiten zu k{\"o}nnen. Schließlich untersucht die Studie auch, inwieweit sich m{\"o}gliche Sanierungsmaßnahmen auf die Wohnkosten und damit die finanzielle Gesamtbelastung der Haushalte auswirken. Methodisch wird ein Mixed-Methods-Ansatz gew{\"a}hlt, der drei unterschiedliche Forschungsans{\"a}tze kombiniert: (1) die Durchf{\"u}hrung von Fokusgruppen mit relevanten Akteuren aus Sozialverwaltung, Wohlfahrtspflege, Wohnungs- und Energiewirtschaft, (2) eine standardisierte Befragung von Haushalten mit Bezug von Mindestsicherungsleistungen bzw. Wohngeld und (3) eine Analyse von Erhebungsdaten aus dem kommunalen Projekt „EnergieSparProjekt (ESP)". Die Ergebnisse der Studie liefern eine wichtige und differenzierte empirisch basierte {\"U}bersicht zu den Wohnverh{\"a}ltnissen einkommensschwacher Haushalte in N{\"u}rnberg, die bisher in dieser Form noch nicht vorlag.}, language = {de} } @article{WagnerRogersLe2024, author = {Wagner, Andreas and Rogers, Helen and Le, Alina}, title = {Exploring New Frontiers in Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing}, series = {IEEE Engineering Management Review}, journal = {IEEE Engineering Management Review}, issn = {0360-8581}, doi = {10.1109/EMR.2024.3412403}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing (MMAM) introduces a new dimension to production technologies by seamlessly integrating multiple materials into a single object, enabling unparalleled design possibilities. This paper explores MMAM value chains and methods and showcases real-world applications in the aerospace, biomedical and industrial sectors. While MMAM holds promise for application in high-tech industries, its widespread adoption is contingent on quantity, utilization and technical requirements. Continued research into developing material properties and reducing unit costs is needed. Only once these two key challenges have been addressed is mainstream adoption likely.}, language = {en} } @article{RogersSrivastavaTsakouetal.2024, author = {Rogers, Helen and Srivastava, Mohit and Tsakou, Miriam and Prashad, Anisha}, title = {Sustainable supply chain models for 3D printed houses}, series = {Supply Chain Forum}, journal = {Supply Chain Forum}, doi = {10.1080/16258312.2023.2298186}, pages = {1-16}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Although steps have been taken to improve sustainable practices in the construction industry, progress to date has been slow. Advances in 3D printing technology provide a significant opportunity to reconfigure construction industry supply chains to improve its sustainability credentials. This study investigates the adoption of 3D construction printing (3DCP) as a sustainable alternative and/or to augment traditional construction industry supply chains. By analysing six 3DCP organisations and feeding six critical insights into the Business Model Navigator, this study proposes three supply chain models i.e. generative construction service, hybrid service, and emergency service. A generative supply chain model can be used as an on-demand service for customers with limited knowledge of 3DCP. The hybrid model can integrate 3DCP with a traditional construction supply chain to construct part of the building. Finally, the emergency services model can be used to rapidly construct cost-effective housing (e.g for refugees). The adoption of 3D Printing using these supply chain models in housing construction supply chains has the potential to offer considerable benefits both for construction companies and end-users, while at the same time improving sustainability, affordability and productivity.}, language = {en} } @article{RogersDoraTsolakisetal.2024, author = {Rogers, Helen and Dora, Manoj and Tsolakis, Naoum and Kumar, Mukesh}, title = {Plant-based Food Supply Chains}, series = {Applied Food Research}, volume = {4}, journal = {Applied Food Research}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1016/j.afres.2024.100440}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Plant-based protein food products are considered healthier, more nutritious, and substantially 'greener' than meat-based dietary offerings. For reasons such as these plant protein sources including peas/legumes, soy and algae are experiencing unpre-cedented market popularity. Amidst the multitude of alternative protein-based foods on offer, peas are the most promising plant-protein source as they contain all the essential amino acids and have a well-balanced nutritional profile in terms of fat and fibre. However, understanding the extent of the market feasibility of the respective pea protein supply chains (SCs), based on practical expertise, is of utmost importance for policymakers and industrialists alike to evaluate the growth potential of peas as a protein source. To this end, a survey was conducted among pea SC stakeholders to create an understanding of the level of market feasibility of pea protein-based products. A SWOT analysis consolidated the different views and resulted in the identification of specific strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the industry. By focusing on understanding the challenges and prospects within peaprotein product SCs, this research provides a springboard for further research investigations into related plant protein-based products. The resulting blueprint of recommended initiatives can help inform the further development of pea protein SCs.}, language = {en} } @article{SrivastavaRogers2021, author = {Srivastava, Mohit and Rogers, Helen}, title = {Managing Global Supply Chain Risks: Effects of the Industry Sector}, series = {International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications}, volume = {25}, journal = {International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1080/13675567.2021.1873925}, pages = {1091-1114}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Despite the abundance of articles addressing global supply chain risks and their mitigation strategies, there are surprisingly few insights into how different industries manage global supply chain risks while internationalising abroad. There are conflicting results from previous researches that specific global supply chain risk management practices work in one industry but not in others. We believe that in each industry sector, the global supply chain risks and their mitigation strategies differ. We used profile deviation and ideal profile methodology to identify top performers in three industry sectors (Audit, Finance and Consulting, Automotive, and IT and Software) and evaluated their best practices towards managing global supply chain risks. This study used an online survey to gather information on how Indian executives across these industries manage global supply chain risks during their internationalisation process and found the 'ideal' risk mitigation profiles for all three industries. These findings provide new insights to practitioners as they will serve as a useful reference tool for Indian executives planning to internationalise.}, language = {en} } @article{RogersDora2024, author = {Rogers, Helen and Dora, Manoj}, title = {Guest editorial: The interplay between new innovations, sustainability and food supply chains}, series = {Supply Chain Management}, volume = {29}, journal = {Supply Chain Management}, number = {3}, issn = {1359-8546}, doi = {10.1108/SCM-05-2024-644}, pages = {409-413}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{RogersSrivastava2021, author = {Rogers, Helen and Srivastava, Mohit}, title = {Emerging Sustainable Supply Chain Models for 3D Food Printing}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, doi = {doi.org/10.3390/su132112085}, year = {2021}, abstract = {3D printing technology is rapidly transforming supply chains across diverse manu-facturing sectors, enabling personalisation of consumer goods ranging from car parts, medical devices, toys, houses, and even clothing. Food production is also included in the breadth of applications of this expanding technology. Increasing consumer awareness about sustainability, including the problem of food waste, as well as growing interest in customised nutrition have led to the emergence of food industry research focused on aspects, such as packaging, portion size, and healthy sustainable ingredients, to satisfy consumer demands. The growing market for personalised food options in particular, requires increased flexibility and agility to tailor ingredients to an individual's specific requirements. Such specificity is not easily fulfilled using traditional mass production methods; however, the emerging technology of 3D food printing (3DFP) may be one solution. This paper evaluates the opportunities, risks, and challenges associated with 3DFP, with a focus on developing sustainable supply chains for future growth. Drawing on 12 semi-structured interviews with 3DFP industry managers and current literature in the domain, we propose three supply chain models for 3DFP services, as well as an overview of the key business drivers.}, language = {en} } @article{JimoBraziotisRogersetal.2022, author = {Jimo, Ajeseun and Braziotis, Christos and Rogers, Helen and Pawar, Kulwant}, title = {Additive manufacturing}, series = {International Journal of Production Economics}, volume = {253}, journal = {International Journal of Production Economics}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108592}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Using Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), this paper explores the changing state of Supply Chain (SC) complexities and dependencies resulting from Additive Manufacturing (AM) adoption, analysing implications for competitiveness. We utilised an adapted SC configuration framework to develop embedded case studies across the Aerospace, Automotive and Power Generation industries. The sample included fifteen companies deploying metal AM across three SC tiers. Using an abductive logic, our findings reveal that the complexity and dependency-reduction potential of AM depends on economic, industry, geographical, organisational and technological factors. We developed a conceptual framework for AM SC configuration and four propositions, which provide further insights into the interplay between SC complexities, dependencies and competitiveness. By utilising RDT, we contribute to the AM SC configuration literature by highlighting the mediating role that dependencies play in achieving competitiveness, as well as strategies adopted by firms to mitigate uncertainty. We also highlight the interplay between 'relationship and governance' and three other SC configuration dimensions in relation to competitiveness. Insights into the changing state of complexities and dependencies identified in this study could also support managerial decisions in AM SC design.}, language = {en} } @article{MichalkeKoehlerMessmannetal.2023, author = {Michalke, Amelie and K{\"o}hler, Sandar and Messmann, Lukas and Thorenz, Andrea and Tuma, Axel and Gaugler, Tobias}, title = {True cost accounting of organic and conventional food production}, series = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, volume = {408}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, number = {137134}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137134}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Agriculture is one of the world's biggest polluters. Consumers are misled towards demand of unsustainable and inadequately priced food products by an insufficient internalization of externalities. Shifting demand towards more sustainable dietary choices can lead to a sustainable transition of agri-food networks. In this study, we evaluate environmental damage economically: we combine environmental assessment of different food products with the internalization of their monetary impacts. Life Cycle Assessments are modeled for conventional and organic foods and different production scenarios. The quantified environmental impacts are combined with True Cost Accounting to adjust food prices according to their environmental impacts. Using this framework for 22 German agricultural products, we find that on average, crop production generates externalities of about €0.79 per kg for conventional and about €0.42 for organic products. Conventional milk and eggs cause additional costs of about €1.29 per kg on average in organic systems and about €1.10 in organic ones. Conventional and organic meat generate externalities of €4.42 and €4.22 per kg, respectively, with beef generating the highest costs of all. The environmental favorability of organic products is confirmed, but the resulting organic market prices after internalization still exceed conventional prices. Externalities represent a negative impact on societal welfare, which should be addressed by policies supporting transparent pricing approaches.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeidelOebelSteinetal.2023, author = {Seidel, Felix and Oebel, Benjamin and Stein, Lennart and Michalke, Amelie and Gaugler, Tobias}, title = {Entwicklung eines Frameworks zur Monetarisierung externer Gesundheitskosten von Lebensmitteln}, editor = {Seidel, Felix}, publisher = {Dr. K{\"o}ster}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-96831-055-265}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Quantification and subsequent monetization of dietary externalities is essential to incentivise healthier and more sustainable diets. In this way, positive monetary incentives can be set for under-consumed foods such as fruits or whole grain products and negative monetary incentives for overconsumed foods such as red or processed meat. This not only promotes a shift to healthier diets, but also motivates a move towards a more ecological agricultural economy.}, language = {de} } @article{OebelMichalkeStollKleemannetal.2024, author = {Oebel, Benjamin and Michalke, Amelie and Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne and Gaugler, Tobias and Stein, Lennart}, title = {Towards true prices in food retailing}, series = {Sustainability Science}, volume = {11}, journal = {Sustainability Science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s11625-024-01477-7}, pages = {18}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Current crises (i.e., climate crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the resulting energy and food shortages) indicate the need for robust, and sustainable supply chains with regional food production and farmland to secure food supply in the European Union (EU). Recent research shows that organic food is more resilient to supply chain disruptions and price fluctuations. In this context, we examine an approach for the sustainable and resilient transformation of agri-food networks: can an adaptation of value added tax (VAT) levels work as a financial incentive to amplify resilient agricultural practices and sustainable dietary patterns? Within the setting of the amendment of the European framework directive on the use of VAT in 2022, we model the effects of adapting the current German VAT system by (1) reducing VAT on organic vegetarian food to 0\% and (2) raising VAT on conventional meat and fish to 19\%. Based on historical data on organic sales shares and price elasticities, we project sales shares differentiated by product group for each scenario. Then, we calculate expected tax revenues, changes in consumption patterns, and arising total external climate costs in Germany for both scenarios. Our results show that the overall consumption share of organic food would increase by 21.83\% due to the modeled VAT reform compared to the status quo. Despite the VAT reduction to 0\% on organic vegetarian products, the measure would yield €2.04 billion in extra tax revenues in Germany per year due to the increased taxation on conventional meat products. We find that annual environmental costs of €5.31 billion can be avoided as a result of lower external climate costs of organic and vegetarian food. Therefore, adjusting VAT rates in the food market can be a political instrument to drive organic food consumption and reduce animal livestock. This supports re-territorialization of agriculture and a more sustainable and resilient European food supply.}, language = {en} }