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- International Business Management (IBMAN) B.A. (74) (remove)
The present thesis aims to give an overview on alternative forms of work and the current coworker in regard to gender, age, profession, and motivation to work in a coworking space. The growing number of coworking spaces available to an increasing number of workers explains and justifies the analysis of a current inventory. The economic and social changes influence the way people work. Younger generations and university graduates, in particular, are disproportionately engaged in non-standard employment relationships. This development in connection with the detachment of work and workplace opens up possibilities of alternative forms of work. Coworking spaces are only one example resulting from this change but will be the focus of this thesis.
The following research question is being asked: Coworkers, who are they and how are they using this alternative form of work? To answer the research question, a quantitative survey was conducted which addressed current coworking members.
The results showed that coworking spaces are mainly used by young academics who work as freelancers or self-employees. Coworking spaces constitute an alternative to home-office for various professional groups. Thereby, the alternative form of work is preferred over traditional offices. Considering the increasing number of atypical employment relationships, mobile workers, and coworking spaces it is most likely that these spaces will gain in importance and will impact the world of work in the future.
This thesis as well as the survey results are interesting for coworking space owners, for companies, and for politicians.
This paper will focus on inequality, especially on income inequality as an indicator for economic well-being. The purpose is to look at how income inequality is defined and measured, and the global development thereof and consequent drivers, and how a state can redistribute income, including through fiscal policies. A geographical focus will be drawn, as Germany and the United States will be examined in more detail. Also, a short examination of key differences between the two to-be-examined countries will be made to gain insights on how two advanced economies can show such distinct differences in inequality. In the end the author hopes to suggest policy relevant focuses in the hopes of decreasing income inequality in the future.
Cash, Less Cash and Cash-less: An Analysis of the Preferred Payment Methods in Germany and Sweden
(2019)
This paper focuses on the preferred payment methods in Sweden and in Germany. The current trends will be explored to find out which differences there are in regards to this matter and why. A cross-country analysis is made considering the costs, safety, and other important features of cash versus non-cash payment methods. Sweden is considered a country that is using less and less cash, almost on the way to becoming a cashless society. Germany on the other hand has stayed loyal to their Euro-banknotes and coins, with it being the most popular method at point-of-sales transactions. This is due to their different social norms, which have been shaped by their countries’ histories.
Is Germany going to follow in Sweden’s footsteps and turn away from cash?
No, not any time soon.
Today’s world is marked by growing economic ties and an increasing focus on
homogenizing countries and continents – yet at the same time, the gap between rich and
poor countries widens. The expansion of interrelations on political, economic and social levels led to the rise of new free trade agreements covering a developmental component as well, which can be highly influential for the economic situation of a developing country. For that reason, the present paper aims at pointing out the influences of EU trade relations on African communities. In order to do so, general potentials and risks as well as impacts based on a number of studies and figures will be illustrated and the current European Partnership Agreements between the EU and a number of African, Caribbean and Pacific countries will serve as in-depth example for the present research. A comparative analysis between the Caribbean, in which the Agreement has already been implemented since 2008, and the African region will further serve as a basis for future estimations on how European Partnership Agreements will likely impact Africa after their implementation. Besides the potentials that serve as legitimation for implementing free trade agreements with a focus on the developmental aspect for developing countries, the findings reveal a number of risks and challenges that need to be addressed. Furthermore, the paper provides the reader with an assessment of the dependency relation between the EU and Africa as
well as an aggregation of future expectations.
Generational theory has been a subject that has gotten a lot of attention over the last couple of decades. However, there exist many points for critique including a lack of national focus and disregarding of generational heterogeneity.
Millennials, as the the newest entrants into the business world, have gotten a lot of recent attention in business research pertaining to generational theory.
Both popular media and scientific sources paint a contradictory picture of Millenni-als in the work place. However especially popular media sources proposes man-agement suggestions based on some of these descriptions without empirically val-idating them.
The current study sets out to test the stereotypical work values of Millennials and proposed management suggestions for them on a national subunit of Millennials.
By validating relevant items against the subset of German Millennial students the author contributes to existing literature on generational theory and especially gen-erational management in the workplace.
The paper under consideration focuses on the network approach to internationalization. According to it, the choice of a country to which a firm internationalizes as well as the market entry mode are influenced by bilateral relations, i.e. firm’s networks. The aim of the given thesis is to explore the influence of bilateral relations on the internationalization process of the selected enterprises in the wind power industry.
As to the methodological framework, in line with the aim of the research paper under consideration the deductive approach has been applied. In order to answer the research questions and to meet the research objectives, the author decided to use the multiple-case study holistic design method, i.e. the research spreads over three world’s largest enterprises in wind power industry and focuses on every case in its totality.
The empirical part proves that bilateral relations do influence the internationalization path of the selected enterprises. Additionally, due to the fact that wind turbine producers under study are conglomerates, they are characterized by a relatively higher degree of resources commitment than non-conglomerate companies.
The following thesis has been written with the aim of identifying if virtual
reality could potentially have an impact on consumer behavior in tourism.
Answering this question could have an impact on the application of the
technology as a marketing tool. Due to the fact that there is limited
knowledge available on this topic so far, the research is considered to be
exploratory. To gain first insights into the reactions of consumers when
being exposed to the technology, their reactions were evaluated using a
qualitative approach.
This thesis is consisting of four parts. Firstly, the relevance of the topic will
be discussed. The following, theoretical part is dealing with tourism,
consumer behavior and virtual reality technology. Thereafter the empirical
part is establishing hypotheses in a first stage to later rank and evaluate
these hypotheses further. To conclude the thesis, the paper will be
presenting conclusions and a future outlook.
After the lecture of the thesis you will learn what potential implications the
usage of virtual reality technology can have when being used as a
marketing tool in tourism. This knowledge of potential implications can lay
the foundation for further research and shows the predominant
considerations that should be made when dealing with the topic of virtual
reality in tourism marketing.
Foreign Exchange Trading based on Technical Indicators – a theoretical and practical analysis
(2019)
Studies on the empirical validation of beta-return relationship postulated in the CAPM has a relatively long history. The first study was conducted by John Lintner in 1965, shortly after the introduction of the model. In one of the recent studies, Malcolm Baker (forthcoming) examines two portfolios, one consisting of the 30% of U.S. stocks with the lowest beta, another of the 30% with the highest beta. By the end of the period, the low-beta portfolio significantly outperforms the high-beta portfolio (Economist, 2016).
Following two recognized testing methods developed by Lintner (1965) and Fama/MacBeth (1973), this bachelor thesis examines the nature of the relationship between beta and return for the German stock market. The sample periods observed in this study range from January 1973 to May 2016 depending on the testing method. The obtained results are then compared with the outcome of the previous studies for the European stock market. The analysis reveals that the relationship between beta and return is insignificant in most of the models. These results are consistent with the European stock market, if the unconditional cross-sectional analysis is considered.
The study examines the relationship between team development stages, team coaching and managerial coaching and its effect on the employees and team alignment. Previous researched has shown the influence of team development stages on the team growth and understanding of their identity role in the team. The understanding of the coaching process helps to recognize the outcome and the role of the coaching on the one hand the individual and on the other hand the team as a whole. Two case studies regarding the outcomes of team coaching clarified the issue with the indi-vidual in the organization and the business environment. The important contribution of this thesis is to highlight the affect and the mixture of team development, team coaching and managerial coaching on the team align-ment. Many research before showed the impact of team alignment to the success of the company or the organization. This thesis hypothesized that team coaching, managerial coaching and team development stages they all together play a role in the alignment of the team and increase the or-ganization success. A qualitative approach was pursed with experts inter-view in order to use their explicit and implicit knowledge. As predicted, the findings from the research revealed the influence of the three elements on the team alignment and the organizational success. The paper concluded that team coaching, managerial coaching and team development all to-gether are a powerful tool to create team alignment in the organization and influence the organization success.
This paper examines the short-term effects of tax inversion announcements on inverting firms´ share prices, and thereby analyses the value creation of inversion activities. For the analysis, the paper looks at a sample of 41 inverted U.S. firms during the time period of 1994 to 2015. To quantify the stock returns related to inversion announcements, event study method has been implemented. Using the parametric t-test, the paper finds evidence indicating that the announcements of tax inversions have a significant negative impact on firm value with -4.8%. 16 out of 41 investigated firms show value changing effects associated with inversions. The highest impact on stock prices are captured directly on the announcement day. Furthermore, the performance of pharmaceutical and Irish incorporated deals indicate positive market reactions with 7.30% and 5.9% respectively.
Ever since its beginning, the prohibition of drugs has been a controversial policy that draws attention of many scholars, politicians and the general public. On the one hand, proponents of the policy fear that ending the prohibition would encourage drug use. Their opponents, on the other hand, argue that the War on Drugs led to various unintended consequences, whose impact on society has been devastating and clearly outweighs the advantages of drug prohibition. Firstly, this thesis offers a comprehensive overview of these consequences. Based on the existing empirical research as well as practical examples from the United States, the author constructs five hypotheses regarding drug prohibition and its consequences. In order to test validity of these hypotheses, two regions that have recently implemented alternative approaches in fighting drug abuse are selected. The author defines several indicators directly linked to the drug-related market liberalization and with help of multiple-source secondary data analysis finally shows that both the decriminalization of drug use in Portugal and the cannabis legalization in Colorado have helped successfully reverse some of the consequences of drug prohibition and have not led to a significant increase in drug consumption.
The Easterlin Paradox has been referred to in numerous studies over the previous decades, confirming the hypothesis holding that happiness levels of both individuals and societies cannot lastingly increase over time. Since recent years such traditional beliefs have been continuously disparaged in the field of happiness economic, by which new evidence has been produced, supporting the claim that happiness levels does in fact rise, in correspondence to economic growth. The rising role of absolute income in comparison to relative income challenges the importance of the income inequality public debate, contradictorily emphasizing a common global interest in further economic development of all nations.
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic “Business Strategies in Argentina: a Pharmaceuti-cal Industry Analysis” and carries out a qualitative analysis of the influence of location factors on business strategies. The aim is to answer how location-specific factors of the Argentinian macro- and industry environment have influenced business strategies of phar-maceutical firms in the country and whether a change in location factors also results in a change of business strategies. A closer look has been taken on the period after the Argen-tine crisis of 2001/02 until 2015.
Key findings are that protectionist policies of Kirchnerism have strongly influenced busi-ness strategies of pharmaceutical firms and hence their performance in the country.
There has been a shift towards a stronger performance of local firms over multinationals while more than 60% of the market has been dominated by national firms in 2010. The Generic Law of 2002 has led to many copies in the industry especially performed by na-tional firms copying from MNEs. The industry has further become more important on im-ports while import restrictions imposed by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner have triggered a disinvestment strategy of MNEs and a relocation of their activity to other countries favour-ing national firms. The business environment is highly complex and dynamic in Argentina and requires a constant assessment of external changes and the competition by pharmaceu-tical firms in the country.
However, a strategic consistency and implementation is still missing among the industry and firms have to better define their strategies in the market. The recent governmental change towards a more neo-liberal government leaves more space for an ongoing analysis of how new business environmental conditions will affect pharmaceutical firms in the coming years and whether there might be a return of MNEs to the country.
The Impact of Structural Adjustment Programs on Economic Growth and Poverty - A Case Study on Ghana
(2019)
Product placement relates to the purposeful integration of promotional content into a non-commercial context. It has become a very common practice during the last two decades. In search of alternative means to protrude in times of advertising bombardment, commercial clutter and sensual consumer overload with traditional advertising, marketers have assigned increasing awareness to non-traditional means of communication like product placement. This tool has enabled marketers to hybridize entertainment with advertising, a perfect condition to subtly convey product plug via a mainstream media like a movie to the unsuspecting and unbiased viewer who might possibly soon be transformed into a loyal consumer.
Can product placement trigger this transformation? The phenomenon product
placement seems to have immense potential available, a reason to analyze product placement in this thesis. The paper provides the reader with the conceptual foundations and theories to grasp product placement and aims at pointing out its five major possible advertising effects on the consumer which are attention, emotions and motivation, attitudes, perception and processing as well as learning.
Furthermore, it seeks to examine the relationship between the instrument and possible changes of consumers’ purchase intentions.