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Kurzfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung über die Vorteilhaftigkeit der Kapitalanlagen Immobilie und Aktie in der Zeit von niedrigen Zinsen, da diese unter solchen Voraussetzungen hohe Renditen erwirtschaften können. Zunächst wird auf den Zins näher eingegangen und auf Kapitalanlagen allgemein. Es folgt ein Diskurs über die Spezifika der beiden Anlagearten Immobilie und Aktie sowie ein Vergleich der Faktoren, die bei einer Anlageentscheidung zu berücksichtigen sind. Durch den Vergleich wird ein begründetes Urteil vorbereitet, welche der beiden Anlagen vorteilhafter ist.
Abstract
This thesis is a research on the advantage of the capital investments real estate and shares at a period of low interest, as these can give under such conditions a high return. First interest will be examined and capital investments in general. There follows a discourse in the specificity of both investments as well as a comparison of the factors to be considered for a decision. From this comparison a well - founded judgement which of the two investments is more advantageous, is possible.
Abstract
It is the purpose of this thesis to increase the understanding of German consumer
behaviour in the context of the Sharing Economy in the fashion industry. In particular
it was investigated why consumers participate in online sharing platforms for
clothing (OSPsC), especially in clothing libraries (CLs).
Following a thorough literature review and a qualitative preliminary study, a research
model was developed which is based on the theory of planned behaviour
(TPB). The study employs survey data, gathered from 140 Germans via an online
questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analyses.
The findings indicate that attitude has the strongest positive influence on the intention
to use CLs. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) and control beliefs have no
significant influence, which means that the theory of reasoned action (TRA) can be
applied. Besides, the general awareness of online sharing platforms (OSPs) is quite
high. In contrast, the awareness of CLs is low, which shows that it is still a nichephenomenon
in Germany. The results revealed, that an attitude-intention gap might
exist. Even though, people have a slightly positive attitude, the intention to use CLs
is slightly negative. Furthermore, the behavioural beliefs “enjoyment of the activity”,
“macroeconomic impact” and “economic benefits” positively influence attitude.
Moreover, the results suggest that the significant influence of beliefs, as well
as the extent of the influence of attitude and subjective norm on intention, differs
depending on the business model of the CLs.
Intensifying the marketing of CLs is recommended, in order to increase peoples’
awareness and knowledge about CLs, thus, curbing the attitude-intention gap. Besides,
marketing campaigns should focus on attitude, as well as on behavioural beliefs,
because they were identified as having the most significant impact on intention.
Furthermore, it is suggested that every marketing campaign should be tailored
to the specific CL.
Abstract
The world as we know it today is characterized by a massive process of digitalization in every prospect. Communication patterns, economy and business mechanisms as well as life styles are changing towards a higher utilization of technology, digital devices and the internet. With the bust of the dot.com bubble, the previously static and company dominated web changed into an interactive playground where everybody can become a publisher of content: the Web 2.0 was born. Social media developed soon which is competing with traditional media like TV, newspaper or radio.
Marketers worldwide quickly discovered the potential of using these social media to promote their brands, products and services. Social media has the huge advantage that it is able to track and store all data of a user’s history and actions. This makes it possible to target specific customer groups and provide them customized content. Nevertheless marketing approaches differ from country to country.
Therefore this thesis discusses the potential of social media marketing (SMM) for foreign companies in China in order to improve customer relationships. With market saturation of smartphones, the best and most cost-effective way in China to do SMM is via mobile social networks as they grant the closest access to targeted audiences. For this a “9-step social media action plan” is developed. The action plan is especially suitable for small and medium sized foreign enterprises who utilize the Chinese messenger app WeChat as their first marketing tool.
This paper give a comprehensive introduction of the universal banking system. Because of the process of competitive deregulation, both the US and the UK abandon the functional separation of financial activities which had long characterized their financial system and embrace universal banking, while Germany is the country adopts universal banking system from beginning to end. This paper wants to know the future of China’s financial system: is it a mixed operation market or a separate operation market? If it is a market of mixed operation, then which mode will China adopt? In order to solve these questions, this paper is divided in to eight chapters.
In the first two chapters, this paper gives a literature review about mixed-separate operation and universal banking. Then in the following three chapters, this paper introduces three types of universal banking in depth, represented by UK, US and Germany respectively. Each type will be given a case study. From the development path of the typical universal banks in the world, we can see why and when banks should become universal banks. In the sixth chapter, this paper shows the corporate governance of banks in these three countries and their supervisory system, both are very important to Chine’s supervisory bureau. In the seventh chapter, this paper gives a comprehensive introduction of China’s financial market in terms of legislation, corporate governance, and supervisory system etc. and in the last chapter, this paper gives recommendations to the development of universal banking in China.
In this paper, Universal banking is divided in to three types: one is “comprehensive management universal banking model”, represented by UK; one is “financial holding company model” represented by USA; the other one is “interior comprehensive management model”, represented by Germany. Universal banking is not simply "one size fits all". There is no fixed model can be replicated. The specific background such as economic environment, political environment etc. should be taken into consideration when develop a universal banking system.
Trends im Recruiting
(2016)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the general conditions that might motivate
criminal networks to further adopt Bitcoin as a means for laundering the proceeds resulting
from the exchange of illegal goods and services. The link between payment technologies
and criminal networks is created when a criminal decides to use such technology as a
vehicle or tool for accomplishing illegal activities. The anonymous nature of Bitcoin
transactions and the existing evidence of illegal goods being sold on online black markets
renders this technology an attractive medium for laundering subsequent proceeds.
Furthermore, the technological advancements that make Bitcoin and other virtual currency
transactions more difficult to trace back, are increasingly appealing to criminals worldwide.
The estimates regarding Bitcoin’s geographical potential by the Bitcoin Adoption Index
coincide with the proliferating ground for new payment methods in the region. In fact,
criminals in countries such as Nigeria and Kenya have recently exhibited a greater reliance
on mobile technologies, demonstrating that their newly acquired “knowhow”
for payment
technologies could be used for criminal activities in the near future
The increasing mobile payment knowledge and receptiveness of criminals in
SubSaharan
Africa, coupled with a low reliance in national financial structures and
traditional payment methods, substantiates that the idea of criminals switching from
traditional payment methods to new payment methods for conducting criminal activities, is
not so far fetched. All the aforementioned factors create a fertile environment for a new type
of cyber criminal activity connected by networks.
In fact, approximating when criminal users are more inclined to use a payment
technology for criminal purposes is essential for its timely and adequate regulation.
Policymaking
bodies must be able to innovate to counteract criminals' ability to move
electronic funds anonymously. Notwithstanding, providing an approximate time frame for
the expected surge of money laundering through new payment technologies is a difficult
task. This has lead to a captivating question : when is the use of Bitcoin as means for money
laundering by criminal networks most likely to occur during the adoption process?
Table
Abstract
This thesis aims at analysing if large-scale corruption should be included in the mandate of transitional justice. To date, traditional transitional justice initiatives have focused on violations of civil and political rights. However, an increasing demand for the inclusion has been made by societies in conflict and the expansion of the field of transitional justice is an ongoing discussion. By comparing the experience of past transitions and especially the case of Kenya with the theory, this thesis concludes that there is no clear answer. The inclusion must be decided on a case-to-case basis, in accordance with the political context, national capacity and the will of society. In further, an alternative solution is presented in order to overcome the difficulties the inclusion may bring. A cooperation between transitional justice bodies and anti-corruption bodies is thus suggested.
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between top executive compensation and company performance based on managerial power. Consistent with principal-agent theory, we find that executive compensation is positively associated with company performance. In return, executive compensation incentive can promote the increase of company performance. After considering managerial power, we find that managerial power has a positive effect on executive compensation, namely, compared with other enterprises, executive compensation has stronger positive correlation with company performance when the company has a greater managerial power. This finding is also consistent with managerial power theory. However, under different structure of managerial power, there will be a different effect of executive compensation incentive. These findings may provide new insights into the relationship between top executive compensation and company performance.
The increase of the use of Information Technology (IT) in recent years has generated counter-‐effects on governments, businesses and economies around the world. Cyber terrorism represents a direct and indirect danger to critical infrastructure of governments and corporations as well as IT systems and networks, since it constitutes a low-‐cost weapon. Countries form their national cyber strategies, and policies encompassing cyber defense and deterrence strategies against cyberattacks. However, acknowledging the fact that threat has no boundaries, national strategies become inefficient when it comes to the responses. This dissertation aims to raise awareness of cyberterrorism which exposes to a risk not only states but also corporations. It discusses the need of international legal framework; emphasizes the significance of formulating an international corporation on cyber defense and deterrence to fight against it, and to preserve global stability and prosperity. It draws upon the necessity to establish a clear and common definition of a term 'cyberterrorism' as well as a set of internationally agreed cyber security standards to deal with threats. Finally, the dissertation conducts the analysis of the methods and represents essential steps forward that need to be taken to combat cyber terrorism
Abstract
The low cost business model dominates the airline industry, due to its adaptability to the dynamics of the competitive sector. Representing one third of total cost, labor is an especially significant factor targeted for cost reduction. This paper investigates the implications of the low cost business model for pilots and cabin crew. In comparing the employee relations of Southwest Airlines, Ryanair and easyJet, it finds that the implications vary among airlines and employee groups. The aspect ‗working conditions‘ is found to be the only variable affected by the business model among all airlines. Southwest Airlines principally displays exemplary employee relations, whereas Ryanair utilizes the business model to implement cost reductions in this precise aspect. EasyJet, in turn, widely adopts Southwest‘s approach, yet Southwest‘s core remains inimitable. Conclusively, the extent to which cost reductions affect employee-relations ultimately determines job satisfaction and is largely dependent on management‘s stance on employees.
Abstract:
As a comparatively new business concept, supply chain management has emerged in the late 20th century, driven by developments in information technology such as the internet which largely facilitated the sharing of information across departments and companies at different locations around the world. In a similar manner, new IT innovations of the 21st century like cloud computing, big data and the Internet of Things, can be expected to further advance the possibilities of supply chain and operations management to optimise and integrate the processes employed to provide goods and services. Some business leaders consider new technologies with an ever increasing role of data-driven decisions and automated processes as the key to their companies’ competitive advantage. Others are more sceptical, especially with regards to failed expectations when companies made losses by investing too early in a technology before it was mature. Based on recent case studies, this paper aims to showcase, analyse and compare the most relevant recent IT innovations, to evaluate their true potential for application in supply chain and operations management and finally give a guideline for the critical factors for successful implementation.
The Emergence of Social Business in Germany - A case study of Dialogue Social Enterprise GmbH
(2016)
Abstract The topic social business has been attracting more and more attention on a global level during the last years. The paper ‘The Emergence of Social Business in Germany – A case study of Dialogue Social Enterprise GmbH‘ aims at analysing the development and current situation of social businesses with a particular focus on the German market and society in order to give a better understanding of this type of business and the social impact it creates. Programmes and organisations that support the expansion of social businesses are presented and financing and scaling possibilities discussed. Furthermore, the social business ‘Dialogue Social Enterprise GmbH’ is presented and its social impact examined.
Abstract
An increase in purchasing power of consumers caused by the rapid economic growth of China has enabled the country to encounter with rapidly growing amount of textile waste. In spite of the fact that theoretically approximately 97 percent of textile waste can be recycled, since there have been no regulations that encourage recycling set by the government, the majority of the waste end up in landfills or are incinerated, which cause environmental pollution. Textile waste recycling can eliminate a number of environmental problems occurring during landfill and incineration processes. Moreover, it decreases the degree of dependence on virgin raw materials by recycling used garments as raw materials. This research paper seeks to suggest strategic actions that can be taken by each stakeholder of the textile recycling industry for the improvement of the textile waste collection in China. To create concrete strategic measures, two questions should be answered. First it will try to identify what kind of barriers and obstacles interrupt discarded textile articles being separated from other solid wastes. Second, the paper tries to find what kind of incentives should be given to make each actor actively participates in the textile waste separation and collection.
The impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the development of countries has been the debate among different school of thoughts especially the Mainstreams and the Radicals. The Mainstream support the fact that FDI is important especially for developing countries because it helps finance development projects due to insufficient budgetary income, thereby solving the problems related to the saving-investment constraints. For the Radicals, FDI brings detrimental effects like the crowding out of domestic firms and high unemployment. Therefore, this study investigates the positive and negative effects of FDI on development and has a case study Nigeria and to demonstrate under which conditions FDI could be beneficial and/or detrimental. Secondary statistics and data from the CBN, NIPC, and NBS, publications, journal, papers and the internet are used to demonstrate the relationship between FDI and the creation of job opportunities, the transfer of technologies and the development of infrastructure. Results demonstrate that, FDI results in the creation of several job opportunities, especially in the manufacturing and telecommunication sectors and has led to the development of several infrastructures. However, there is no evidence to demonstrate the role of FDI in the transfer of technologies to domestic firms in Nigeria. The main negative effect of FDI is the result of oil exportation in Nigeria. The fall in competition of the Nigerian agricultural products in the world market, the lack of incentive to risk investment in the agricultural sector and the overall drop in agricultural production in Nigeria are mainly due to the Dutch and the appreciation of the Naira. Though, FDI in Nigeria has been beneficial to some people, it is however not sufficient to trigger economic growth and development in
Nigeria. Therefore, the government should first and foremost consider all necessary preconditions for FDI to yield its results; infrastructure should be developed, security systems enhanced, corruption reduced and policies makers should consider FDI as a complementary tool for growth prospects rather than a substitute to other development measures.
Abstract
The International migration became an ever-growing phenomena that has immense impact over the development of bothsending and receiving countries. However, recently the public opinion prevails the downside of the immigration. Claiming that immigration would contribute
negatively to the host countries .Since it may cause either economic hardship, in addition the security concerns. Many politicians and policy makers used the argument that migration may turn to be an economic burden in destination countries due to global financial crisis and the flow of low skilled migrants. In this paper we will explore, if their arguments is proved by literature and theory through understanding the causes of the immigration and its socio economic impacton the host countries. Providing Germany as a case study and illustrative example.
Abstract
Although some research on gender-specific response towards online advertising exists,
controversial theories about gender differences and gender-specific information processing
have not been researched extensively in the ever more profitable area of display marketing.
In order to provide further insights for gender-specific online marketing, this thesis titled
“Targeting in online marketing – A gender-specific approach to e-commerce” examines
gender differences and corresponding male and female reactions to gender-specific
advertising. According to theory, women have a natural preference for empathy and
shopping while men are assumed to have a disposition for systems and objects. This
controversial theory will be examined from supporting and opposing viewpoints and put
into a marketing context.
In particular, the study reviews researched and believed gender differences in general as
well as in information processing by designing online banners according to those theories
and exposing them to male and female Internet users. The results of this test show that
assumed gender differences do not have to hold true in online advertising as the observed
results only comply with female advertising preferences, however not with assumed male
advertising preferences and hence, do not support previously researched gender
perceptions.