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Der Markt für Milchprodukte stellt mit seiner Größe ein bedeutendes Potenzial für pflanzliche Alternativen wie Hafermilch dar. In diesen Markt hineinzuwachsen und Kuhmilch teilweise zu verdrängen erscheint in Anbetracht des wachsenden Trends der Reduktion tierischer Produkte derweilen realistisch. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Kommunikationskampagne entwi-ckelt, die sich direkt an die Konsumenten von Kuhmilch richtet und sie davon überzeugen soll, teilweise oder vollständig auf Hafermilch umzusteigen. Herausfordernd ist dabei, das habituelle Kaufverhalten der Kuhmilchkonsumenten zu durchbrechen. Sekundärforschung, ein Fokus-gruppeninterview sowie eine Online-Befragung legen nahe, dass eine Kampagne am Ort des Kaufes der Produkte am meisten Erfolg verspricht. Das dortige gewohnte Umfeld muss mit Kaufanreizen ausgestattet werden, um das habituelle Kaufverhalten zu durchbrechen. Außerdem sollte die Werbung an die Motive der Kuhmilchkonsumenten appellieren und sie dazu bringen, das gewohnte Verhalten bewusst zu kontrollieren. Weiterhin sollten Influencer in die Kampagne intergiert werden, da Hafermilch besonders häufig durch Empfehlung von Freunden gekauft wird. Überzeugend wirken auch verständlich aufbereitete Produktinformationen sowie die Be-tonung von Convenience und Modernität der Hafermilch.
Abstract:
The VW emissions scandal uncovered significant deficiencies in the sustainability
performance of numerous automotive producers. This raised the question,
whether sustainability reporting still reflects the real-life sustainability performance
in the automotive industry. If sustainability reporting was transparent and honest,
the tone of the reports should have been a more critical one in recent years. To
test this, a quantitative and a qualitative study were conducted. While in the
quantitative study, it was analyzed in which way automotive producers present
themselves in their sustainability reports, the qualitative study focused on their
real-life sustainability deficiencies. The results suggest that on an industry level,
sustainability reporting widely fails as an indicator of real-life sustainability. All
companies presented their sustainability actions in a highly positive way, although
more than two thirds of them were involved in sustainability scandals. However,
this result cannot be exactly confirmed on a company level. While the average
relationships are weak, they still rather suggest that those companies which
present themselves in the most positive way tend to perform the best and vice
versa. Since this only reflects the relative differences in the companies’ selfpresentation,
it hardly contradicts the main finding of the study: Sustainability
Reporting as it is used in today’s automotive industry rather serves embellishment
than transparency purposes.
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc across supply chain (SC) operations worldwide. Specifically, decisions on the recovery planning are subject to multi-dimensional uncertainty stemming from singular and correlated disruptions in demand, supply, and production capacities. This is a new and understudied research area. In this study, we examine, SC recovery for high-demand items (e.g., hand sanitizer and face masks). We first developed a stochastic mathematical model to optimise recovery for a three-stage SC exposed to the multi-dimensional impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. This allows to generalize a novel problem setting with simultaneous demand, supply, and capacity uncertainty in a multi-stage SC recovery context. We then developed a chance-constrained programming approach and present in this article a new and enhanced multi-operator differential evolution variant-based solution approach to solve our model. With the optimisation, we sought to understand the impact of different recovery strategies on SC profitability as well as identify optimal recovery plans. Through extensive numerical experiments, we demonstrated capability towards efficiently solving both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. We tested, evaluated, and analyzed different recovery strategies, scenarios, and problem scales to validate our approach. Ultimately, the study provides a useful tool to optimise reactive adaptation strategies related to how and when SC recovery operations should be deployed during a pandemic. This study contributes to literature through development of a unique problem setting with multi-dimensional uncertainty impacts for SC recovery, as well as an efficient solution approach for solution of both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. Relevant decision-makers can use the findings of this research to select the most efficient SC recovery plan under pandemic conditions and to determine the timing of its deployment.
Adoption of carbon regulation mechanisms facilitates an evolution toward green and sustainable supply chains followed by an increased complexity. Through the development and usage of a multi-choice goal programming model solved by an improved algorithm, this article investigates sustainability strategies for carbon regulations mechanisms. We first propose a sustainable logistics model that considers assorted vehicle types and gas emissions involved with product transportation. We then construct a bi-objective model that minimizes total cost as the first objective function and follows environmental considerations in the second one. With our novel robust-heuristic optimization approach, we seek to support the decision-makers in comparison and selection of carbon emission policies in supply chains in complex settings with assorted vehicle types, demand and economic uncertainty. We deploy our model in a case-study to evaluate and analyse two carbon reduction policies, i.e., carbon-tax and cap-and-trade policies. The results demonstrate that our robust-heuristic methodology can efficiently deal with demand and economic uncertainty, especially in large-scale problems. Our findings suggest that governmental incentives for a cap-and-trade policy would be more effective for supply chains in lowering pollution by investing in cleaner technologies and adopting greener practices.
The performance of Indian economy is significantly influenced by the agriculture sector. The contributions made by this sector in national income, international trade and employment are key indicators of how the country is developing. As agriculture in India is mainly a rural area activity it offers opportunities to work for the rural men and women. Although the participation of female workers is more than the participation of male workers, the constraints faced by female workers are more. In addition to taking care of their households they are also working on farms. This multidimensional role signifies the importance of women in the sector. Their participation is affected by their access to resources and their performance is affected by factors like environment, harmful farming techniques and traditional mind-sets along with necessary resources. By closely studying the trends in agricultural performance and women participation, this study tries to connect the two aspects together to present the way forward for women in agriculture. The issues and challenges faced by rural women in terms of participation factors are discussed using secondary data and literature study. With the help of case studies, the opportunities and new roles of women are studied. The primary objective is to focus on how women workers are advancing their lives through agriculture and benefitting environment around them. Improved access to resources, new technology in farming and improved access to education along with enabling government schemes that empower the women participation are seen to be leading to a better and brighter future for women in agriculture.
The Portuguese water supply and sanitation sector has witnessed over the last 40 years a steady improvement in levels of coverage and in the general quality of services provided. This evolution has been hailed by international organizations as the "Portuguese miracle". Yet, this qualification is restricted to the results achieved during the period marked by the liberalisation of the sector. In 1993, a water sector reform led by the central government started a number of processes towards commercialization, corporatization and liberalization of the Portuguese water sector. In 2007, a major financial crisis started in the United States of America and spread across the world. In the European Union, and in particular in Portugal and other peripheral countries, the crisis meant the enforcement of neoliberal shock therapy for almost five years after the so-called sovereign debt crises. The social impacts were devastating and provision and access to public services were restricted. This paper concentrates on assessing the links between the neoliberalisation of the Portuguese water sector and the situation of access to water and sanitation services in the aftermath of the deep crisis. The analysis focus on typical dimensions of neoliberalisation in this sector and empirically tries to assess how and to what extent these processes impact on the political and human rights goal of progressive universal access to these services in a context of austerity politics. It is argued that neoliberalisation processes both increase and hinder access to the services. In fact, by expanding networks under an environmental paradigm and improving consumer rights, neoliberalisation delivered on increasing levels of access with improved quality, yet consistently rising water prices coupled with policy loopholes and institutional blindness to the distributional impacts of that trend lead to the imposition of inequitable burdens on low-income households. Recent policy initiatives to relief the financial burden on low-income households seem weak and difficult to implement since they do not break away from the basic principles guiding water policy (user-pays principle, polluter pays principle and full-cost recovery from water charges).
In the contemporary era, large number of companies publish their business performance as a report on the Internet. To make them usable in larger numbers, these reports must be read and labeled. This is inefficient and expensive. This study supports this business need by automatically classifying four different categories of metadata of financial reports. For training of the used random forest classifier, an active and a passive learning strategy are contrasted. The results show a clear advantage of active learning for classifying whether a financial report contains consolidated enterprise data or not. For more complicated multi-class classifications, no advantage is shown so far under the applied active learning strategy, however, there is potential to develop an alternative more efficient strategy.
Adding value by offering complementary services in the consumer goods sector – a case study of Nike
(2016)
Kein Abstract verfügbar / No abstract available
Abstract
The administrative cost of local government is an important indicator of the regional
competitiveness and creativity of modern society, it not only reveals the efficiency
and governance of the local government, but also relates to the regional economic
development and happiness of the civilian. With the continuous development of the
information age, loads of rent-seeking and corruption surfaces. The image of the local
government suffered tremendous trial, which emotionally turns the neutral word
“administrative cost” into a negative one. The issue of administrative cost is a puzzle
in the public administration academia; governments around the world are all
exploring ways to reduce the administrative cost. The issue is not exclusive but
criticized by the society which makes it the urgent affair in China. Since the reform
and open policy, the government has changed its functions, from “control-type
government” to “service-oriented government”, government no longer has hand in all
the aspects of social affairs, under the concept of “small government and big society”,
the social and political ecology is changing, on one hand the government is on a diet
that limits itself the public power and on the other hand it enhances the social power
which in turn increase the standard for the governance by the public. As for
service-oriented government nowadays, it canonizes civilian-oriented as well as the
pursuit of maximum profit, the goal of the government is to serve the civilian,
lowering the administrative cost and increasing the efficiency of the confined
economic resources could definitely benefit the civilian more, administrative cost is
somehow like an obstacle that blocks the way of increasing the administrative
efficiency. As for the Chinese government, lowering the administrative cost could
increase the administrative efficiency and improving the image of the government
simultaneously which helps to regain the public confidence and rebuild the
governmental prestige.
The article holds the broad sense that considers the administrative cost is made up of
both explicit and implicit cost. It uses data to analyze the issue of explicit cost and
uses cases to illustrate the implicit one. Later in the article, it makes the comparison
based on the cases of similar cities and also introduces the successful experience of
home and aboard. At last, it puts forward corresponding countermeasures to deal with
the issue combining with China’s reality. The article uses literature analysis and
comparative analysis, integrating inductive method with conductive method as well as
quantities method combining with qualitative method.
The innovation of the article lies in the empirical study more than the theoretical one.
In addition, the article keeps abreast of the times that analyses the great impact after
18th CPC National Congress so as to offer the public administration academia a latest
study.
Key words: government, administrative cost, countermeasure
ABSTRACT
The modern capitalist corporate food regime is driven by large agroindustries, commodification of nature, monoculture, chemical contamination, land grabbing, and is becoming ever more self-destructive for food producers, consumers, and the whole planet as our web of life. In order to correct and adjust Anthropocene made climate change again and to abandon the false transfer of power from MNC to the power of the people, only a global struggle in localized agroecology can be a solution. As finance-led capitalism has increasingly urged politicized confrontation with the dominance of neoliberalism and agribusiness, the people who are looking to their own pool of ideas in a form of resistance to the "supreme knowledge monoculture", have increased their process of sharing and transferring knowledge, also called diálogo de saberes. This dialog among different knowledges and ways of knowing brought along important 'emergences' from the radical-transformative approach of food sovereignty to its paradigm of agroecology under the struggle of La Via Campesina. This movement has been able to group farmers, landless people, rural proletarian, indigenous people, consumers and even researchers by understanding inclusive diversity as enrichment. Most strikingly, small-scale food producers from developing countries come together with small-scale food producers from the industrial countries, while it is actually the latter's “free trade” agreements and practices that slow out small peasantry in developing countries. Nevertheless, they find and choose common ground by focusing on similarities and joint challenges such as the need for locally controlled food systems and the combined and connected grassroots action against the international violence of power by the corporate food regime. As an example, this thesis reflects on the positive and critical experiences of the Cuban illustrative agroecology training methodology practiced for more than two decades now. The learning values are identified, analyzed and adapted to the current European process of scaling up and strengthening the agroecology training network in the European section of La Via Campesina, the European Coordination Via Campesina. Conclusively, the thesis contributes to the movement by linking and advancing European’s collective action by looking “up” to Cuba’s experiences in the sense of horizontal diálogo de saberes.
This dissertation aims to explore the conflict over to a strategy on energy security in the European Union between 2007 and 2014 in order to answer the question, whose interests are materialised and how they are articulated in the conflict over energy security. With this aim, the present thesis takes up the central assumptions of the political ecology approach and extends these with insight of the scale debate. The chosen method enables an exploration of the ways in which societal and political power relations are articulated and the revelation of the environmental, social, and institutional dimensions of the dominant narrative of energy security in the EU. First, a theoretical framework is established. Second, the subject of analysis – the 2014 European Energy Security Strategy of the European Commission – and its historical context are introduced in order to unite the elements together in the analysis in chapter 3. The results show that, in particular, actors of the fossil-nuclear energy industry have been remarkably successful in materialising their interests in the Commission’s strategy on energy security. Fossil-nuclear based solutions to energy insecurity are dominant and contribute to the consolidation of a specific fossil society-nature relationship. In the conflict over energy security, a slight reformation of the spatial organisation of EU energy politics can be observed. The European Commission has successfully extended its institutional and regulatory competencies mainly within the Internal Energy Market. Nevertheless, no general substantial shift in the relevance of the various spatial scale levels of EU energy policy can be noticed. The sovereignty of national governments over energy policy remains unaffected within the EU. Furthermore, concerning European integration, the overall tendencies of a fragmentation and renationalisation of EU energy policy become apparent in this conflict over European energy security.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Auftritt zwei ausgewählter Non-Profit Organisationen (NPO) auf Social Media Plattformen unter der Betrachtung, wie erfolgreiches Social Media Marketing für ihre Zwecke betrieben wird. Hierfür werden die Social Media Plattformen mit der größten derzeitigen Relevanz für den deutschsprachigen Raum für Non-Profit Organisationen vorgestellt und analysiert: Facebook, Twitter und YouTube von Save the Children und SOS-Kinderdorf. Dazu werden die einzelnen Plattformen im Hinblick auf Aufbau, Content und Reichweite analysiert. Die Verfasserin zeigt zunächst die notwendigen Begrifflichkeiten der Social Media und des Non-Profits auf und geht auf die Chancen und Herausforderungen des Social Media Marketings ein. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Inhaltsanalyse der Social-Media-Aktivitäten der beiden NPO auf den drei ausgewählten Social Media Plattformen. Bei den daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird im Anschluss eine theoretische Handlungsorientierung für Non-Profit Organisationen bei der Gestaltung ihres Auftritts auf Social Media Plattformen abgegeben.
Analyse und Bewertung des Einflusses situativer Faktoren bei Kaufentscheidungen im E-Commerce.
(2019)
Das Internet gewinnt aus der Perspektive des Handels eine steigende strategische Bedeutung als Informations- und Transaktionsmedium, was auf die zunehmende Ak-zeptanz dieses Mediums bei den Verbrauchern zurückzuführen ist. Für den Handel ergibt sich daher die wichtige Frage, in welcher Art und Weise das Internet das Kauf-verhalten der Konsumenten verändert hat und welche Handlungsfelder sich dadurch ergeben. Dies ist der Ansatzpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit, die eine Analyse und Be-wertung der Einflusswirkung von situativen Faktoren auf Kaufentscheidungen im E-Commerce zum Inhalt hat. Ziel ist es, herauszuarbeiten, ob situative Faktoren als De-terminanten von Kaufentscheidungen zu sehen sind, um mit diesem Wissen die Ver-haltensarten von Konsumenten erklären und verstehen zu können. Mit der Analyse kann eine Aussage getroffen werden, unter welchen situativen Bedingungen Konsu-menten von Anbietern im E-Commerce entlang der Customer Journey erreicht wer-den können.
Die der Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Fragestellungen werden mit Hilfe von Fachlitera-tur, Fachzeitschriften, Studien und einer empirischen Untersuchung diskutiert und beantwortet. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass im E-Commerce insbesondere physische und soziale Situationsvariablen beeinflussend auf die Kaufentscheidung der Konsu-menten wirken und vermehrt zu ungeplanten Käufen anregen. Hierunter sind die von Nutzern generierten Inhalte wie Kundenmeinungen und Kundenbewertungen zu fas-sen sowie die Gestaltungselemente der virtuellen Medienumwelt, in die sich der Kon-sument beim Online-Kauf begibt.
Waste management is now more important than ever in the world because of population growth and increasing revenues. Because of both reasons, people start to consume more so in parallel with the consumption, wastes also increase. If the wastes were analyzed in terms of their contents, it could be seen that organic wastes have the highest percentage in the total wastes. Due to this reason, organic wastes should be utilized with regard to environment and economics. In order to achieve this utilization, all organic waste management systems have to be compared and also new methods and their integration with other systems should be examined in the sense of economics and environment.
Compared to other EU countries,Germany is in a good place for organic waste management in terms of recycling. However, more research should be conducted and more utilization options should be investigated. In this sense, vermicompost is going to be examined as an organic waste management system.
Besides, integration of vermicompost with other waste management systems are going to be analyzed. In this thesis, the following question is going to be answered : Does using of vermicompost as an organic waste management system or integration of vermicompost with other organic waste management systems in Germany contribute to German economy more than other organic waste management systems do ?
Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) need very different software implementation concepts than Large Enterprises (LE). First SME have less resources, use less complex IT architecture
than LE and do not have the knowledge to implement an enterprise software. High risks, low capacity and few project experience put SME into a special situation. So called Critical Success Factors (CSF) were analysed for differences in SME and LE environment and throughout progressing project phases. While LEs learned to take advantages of Information and Communications Technologies - they also developed software implementation approaches and methodologies to cover the CSF and structure their projects. These existing software implementation methodologies are mostly designed by consultants either from LEs itself, external consultancies or the vendors themself. Depending on their heritage they serve very different purposes. These implementation methods are not appropriate to use in SME projects. Interviews indicated that SME employees often lack methodology and understanding of IT concepts for applying existing methods for software implementation projects.
The goal for this thesis is to develop an appropriate concept for SME. It is tested in a case study and it is reflected on improvements and its application in a SME environment. In addition to this a detailed analysis of the CSF is conducted on their impact on SME vs. LE and then change throughout each project phase.