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Live video streaming is becoming increasingly popular as a form of interaction in social applications. One of its main advantages is an ability to immediately create and connect a community of remote users on the spot. In this paper we discuss how this feature can be used for crowdsourced completion of simple visual search tasks (such as finding specific objects in libraries and stores, or navigating around live events) and social interactions through mobile mixed reality telepresence interfaces. We present a prototype application that allows users to create a mixed reality space with a photospherical imagery as a background and interact with other connected users through viewpoint, audio, and video sharing, as well as realtime annotations in mixed reality space. Believing in the novelty of our system, we conducted a short series of interviews with industry professionals on the possible applications of our system. We discuss proposed use-cases for user evaluation, as well as outline future extensions of our system.
Augmented reality for supporting manual non-destructive ultrasonic testing of metal pipes and plates
(2018)
We describe an application of augmented reality technology for non-destructive testing of products in the metal-industry. The prototype is created with hard- and software, that is usually employed in the gaming industry, and delivers positions for creating ultra- sonic material scans (C-scans). Using a stereo camera in combination with an hmd enables realtime visualisation of the probes path, as well as the setting of virtual markers on the specimen. As a part of the implementation the downhill simplex optimization algorithm is implemented to fit the specimen to a cloud of recorded surface points. The accuracy is statistically tested and evaluated with the result, that the tracking system is accurate up to ca. 1-2 millimeters in well set-up conditions. This paper is of interest not only for research institutes of the metal-industry, but also for any areas of work, in which the enhancement with augmented reality is possible and a precise tracking is necessary.
In this paper we propose an integrated immersive augmented reality solution for a software tool supporting spacecraft design and verification. The spacecraft design process relies on expertise in many domains, such as thermal and structural engineering. The various subsystems of a spacecraft are highly interdependent and have differing requirements and constraints. In this context, interactive visualizations play an important role in making expert knowledge accessible. Recent immersive display technologies offer new ways of presenting and interacting with computer-generated content. Possibilities and challenges for spacecraft configuration employing these technologies are explored and discussed. A user interface design for an application using the Microsoft HoloLens is proposed. To this end, techniques for selecting a spacecraft component and manipulating its position and orientation in 3D space are developed and evaluated. Thus, advantages and limitations of this approach to spacecraft configuration are revealed and discussed.
Mixed reality telepresence is becoming an increasingly popular form of interaction in social and collaborative applications. We are interested in how created virtual spaces can be archived, mapped, shared, and reused among different applications. Therefore, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based peer-to-peer model of distribution, with virtual spaces represented as blocks. We demonstrate the integration of our system in a collaborative mixed reality application and discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach.
More than three decades of ongoing research in immersive modelling has revealed many advantages of creating objects in virtual environments. Even though there are many benefits, the potential of immersive modelling has only been partly exploited due to unresolved problems such as ergonomic problems, numerous challenges with user interaction and the inability to perform exact, fast and progressive refinements. This paper explores past research, shows alternative approaches and proposes novel interaction tools for pending problems. An immersive modelling application for polygon meshes is created from scratch and tested by professional users of desktop modelling tools, such as Autodesk Maya, in order to assess the efficiency, comfort and speed of the proposed application with direct comparison to professional desktop modelling tools.
Four Metamorphosis States in a Distributed Virtual (TV) Studio: Human, Cyborg, Avatar, and Bot
(2013)
The major challenge in virtual studio technology is the interaction between the actor and virtual objects. Within a distributed live production, two locally separated markerless tracking systems where used simultaneously alongside a virtual studio. The production was based on a fully tracked actor, cyborg (half actor, half graphics), avatar, and a bot. All participants could interact and throw a virtual disc. This setup is compared and mapped to Milgram’s continuum and technical challenges are described.
Virtual TV studios use actor tracking systems for resolving the occlusion of computer graphics and studio camera image. The actor tracking delivers the distance between actor and studio camera. We deploy a photonic mixing device, which captures a depth map and a luminance image at low resolution. The renderer engines gets one depth value per actor using the OSC protocol. We describe the actor recognition algorithm based on the luminance image and the depth value calculation. We discuss technical issues like noise and calibration.
Using spatial audio successfully for augmented reality (AR) applications is a challenge, but is awarded with an improved user experience. Thus, we have extended the AR/VR framework \sc Morgan with spatial audio to improve users orientation in an AR application. In this paper, we investigate the users’ capability to localize and memorize spatial sounds (registered with virtual or real objects). We discuss two scenarios. In the first scenario, the user localizes only sound sources and in the second scenario the user memorizes the location of audio-visual objects. Our results reflect spatial audio performance within the application domain and show which technology pitfalls still exist. Finally, we provide design recommendations for spatial audio AR environments.
Einfach benutzbare VR-Anwendungen erfordern andere Interaktionstechniken als konventionelle Desktop-Anwendungen mit Maus, Tastatur und Desktop-Metapher zur Verfügung stellen. Da solche Ansätze in Konzeption und Realisierung deutlicher komplexer sind, müssen diese mit Sorgfalt ausgewählt werden. Folgt man der Argumentation, dass VR eine natürliche Interaktion mit virtuellen Objekten ermöglicht, so führt dies fast zwangsläufig zu zweihändigen Interaktionstechniken für virtuelle Umgebungen, da Benutzer in realen Umgebungen gewohnt sind, fast ausschlieï‚lich zweihändig zu agieren. In diesem Beitrag geben wir eine Übersicht über den Stand der Technik im Bereich zweihändiger Interaktion, leiten Anforderungen an eine Entwicklung zweihändiger Interaktionstechniken in VR ab und beschreiben einen eigenen Ansatz. Dabei geht es um die zweihändige Interaktion bei der Simulation flexibler biegeschlaffer Bauteile (z. B. Schlauchverbindungen).
The presentation of virtual environments in real time has always been a demanding task. Specially designed graphics hardware is necessary to deal with the large amounts of data these applications typically produce. For several years the chipsets that were used allowed only simple lighting models and fixed algorithms. But recent development has produced new graphics processing units (GPUs) that are much faster and more programmable than their predecessors. This paper presents an approach to take advantage of these new features. It uses a video texture as part of the lighting calculations for the passenger compartment of a virtual train and was run on the GPU of a recent PC graphics card. The task was to map the varying illumination of a filmed landscape onto the virtual objects and also onto another video texture (showing two passengers), thereby enhancing the realism of the scene.
Die Visualisierung von Produkten in Echtzeit ist in vielen Bereichen ein hilfreicher Schritt, um potentiellen Kunden eine Vorstellung vom Einsatzgebiet und einen Überblick über die finale Anwendung zu erlauben. In den letzten Jahren haben neue Technologien in der Grafikkartenindustrie dazu geführt, dass früher nur auf teuren Grafikworkstations verfügbare Möglichkeiten nun auch mit relativ kostengünstigen Karten, welche für den Einsatz in Standard-PCs konzipiert wurden, realisierbar sind.
Es wird an einem Modellentwurf des Innenraums des People Cargo Movers gezeigt, wie die Beleuchtung innerhalb einer Echtzeitvisualisierung durch Shader realisiert werden kann. Als Lichtquelle wird dabei eine Landschaftsaufnahme herangezogen, welche als eine von mehreren Videotexturen eingebunden wurde. Außerdem werden real im virtuellen Studio gefilmte Personen im Innenraum gleichermaï‚en über Videotexturen dargestellt und ebenfalls durch die Landschaft beleuchtet.
In today’s market research mechanisms multi modal technologies are significant tools to perform flexible and price efficient studies for not only consumer products but also consumer goods. Current appraisal mechanisms in combination with applied computer graphics can improve the assessment of a product’s launch in the very early design phase or an innovation process. The combination of online questionnaires, Virtual Reality (VR) applications and a database management system offers a powerful tool to let a consumer judge products as well as innovated goods even without having produced a single article. In this paper we present an approach of consumer good studies consisting of common as well as interactive VR product presentations and online questionnaires bases on a bidirectional database management solution to configure and manage numerous studies, virtual sets, goods and participants in an effective way to support the estimation of the received data. Non-programmers can create their test environment including a VR scenario very quickly without any effort. Within the extensive knowledge of consumer goods, marketing instruments can be defined to shorten and improve the rollout process in the early product stages.
We report about several experiments on applying mixed reality technology in the context of accessing collective memories from atomic bombs, Holocaust and Second World War. We discuss the impact of Virtual Reality, Augmented Virtuality and Augmented Reality for specific memorial locations. We show how to use a virtual studio for demonstrating an augmented reality application for a specific location in a remote session within a video conference. Augmented Virtuality is used to recreate the local environment, thus providing a context and helping the participants recollect emotions related to a certain place. This technique demonstrates the advantages of using virtual (VR) and augmented (AR) reality environments for rapid prototyping and pitching project ideas in a live remote setting.
Digital broadcasting enables interactive \sc tv, which presents new challenges for interactive content creation. Besides the technology for streaming and viewing, tools and systems are under development that extend traditional \sc tv studios with virtual set environments. This presentation reviews current technology and describes the requirements for such systems. Interoperability over the production, streaming, and viewer levels requires open interfaces. As the technology allow more interaction, it becomes inherent difficult to control the quality of the viewers experience
Auditory displays with the ability to dynamically spatialize virtual sound sources under real-time conditions enable advanced applications for art and music. A listener can be deeply immersed while interacting and participating in the experience. We review some of those applications while focusing on the Helical Keyboard project and discussing the required technology. Inspired by the cyclical nature of octaves and helical structure of a scale, a model of a piano-style keyboard was prepared, which was then geometrically warped into a helicoidal configuration, one octave/revolution, pitch mapped to height and chroma. It can be driven by MIDI events, real-time or sequenced, which stream is both synthesized and spatialized by a spatial sound display. The sound of the respective notes is spatialized with respect to sinks, avatars of the human user, by default in the tube of the helix. Alternative coloring schemes can be applied, including a color map compatible with chromastereoptic eyewear. The graphical display animates polygons, interpolating between the notes of a chord across the tube of the helix. Recognition of simple chords allows directionalization of all the notes of a major triad from the position of its musical root. The system is designed to allow, for instance, separate audition of harmony and melody, commonly played by the left and right hands, respectively, on a normal keyboard. Perhaps the most exotic feature of the interface is the ability to fork oneÃs presence, replicating subject instead of object by installing multiple sinks at arbitrary places around a virtual scene so that, for example, harmony and melody can be separately spatialized, using two heads to normalize the octave; such a technique effectively doubles the helix from the perspective of a single listener. Rather than a symmetric arrangement of the individual helices, they are perceptually superimposed in-phase, co-extensively, so that corresponding notes in different registers are at the same azimuth.
Distance and Room Effects Control for the PSFC, an Auditory Display using a Loudspeaker Array
(2000)
The Pioneer Sound Field Controller (PSFC), a loudspeaker array system, features realtime configuration of an entire sound field, including sound source direction, virtual distance, and context of simulated environment (room characteristics: room size and liveness) for each of two sound sources. In the PSFC system, there is no native parameter to specify the distance between the sound source and sound sink (listener) and also no function to control it directrly. This paper suggests the method to control virtual distance using basic parameters: volume, room size and liveness. The implementation of distance cue is an important aspect of 3D sounds. Virtual environments supporting room effects like reverberation not only gain realism but also provide additional information to users about surrounding space. The context switch of different aural attributes is done by using an API of the Sound Spatialization Framework. Therefore, when the sound sink move through two rooms, like a small bathroom and a large living room, the context of the sink switches and different sound is obtained.
Virtual environments can create a realistic impression of an architectural space during the architectural design process, providing a powerful tool for evaluation and promotion during a project’s early stages. In comparison to pre-rendered animations,
such as walkthroughs based on CAD models, virtual environments can offer intuitive interaction and a more life like experience. Advanced virtual environments allow users to change realtime rendering features with a few manipulations, switching between different versions while still maintaining sensory immersion. This paper reports on an experimental project in which architectural models are being integrated into interactive virtual environments, and includes demonstrations of both the possibilities and limitations of such applications in evaluating, presenting and promoting architectural designs.
The audio design for virtual environments includes simulation of acoustical room properties besides specifing sound sources and sinks and their behavior. Virtual environments supporting room reverberation not only gain realism but also provide additional information to the user about surrounding space. Catching the different sound properties by the different spaces requires partitioning the space by the properties of aural spaces. We define soundscape and aural attributes as an application and multimedia content interface. Calculated data on an abstract level is sent to spatialization backends. Part of this research was the implementation of a device driver for the Roland Sound Space Processor. This device not only directionalizes sound sources, but also controls room effects like reverberation.
Virtual sets have evolved from computer-generated, prerendered 2D backgrounds to realtime, responsive 3D computer graphics and are nowadays standard repertoire of broadcasting divisions. The graphics, which are combined with real video feed becoming moresophisticated, real looking and more responsive. We will look at the recent developments and suggest further developments like integration of spatial audio into the studio production and generating interactive media streams. Educational institutes recognize the demands of the rising media industry and established new courses on media technology like the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences.