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Map matching is about finding the best route of a given track in a road network. This can be useful for many statistical analyses on mobility. With increasing spread of modern cars and mobile devices many tracks are available to match. The difficulty in map matching lies in the geospatial differences between tracks and road networks. Current technologies resolve such differences with Hidden Markov Models and Viterbi algorithm. They majorly vary concerning the used metrics for the probabilities in the models. In this research we improve map matching technology by refining the underlying algorithms, models and metrics. We will introduce Markov Decision Processes with Value Iteration and Q-Learning to the map matching domain and we will compare them to Hidden Markov Models with Viterbi algorithm. Markov Decision Processes allow to use active decisions and rewards, which are not available in previous methods. Combined with improvements concerning the preparation of tracks and the road network, and various technologies for improved processing speed, we will show on a publicly available map matching data set that our approach has a higher overall performance compared to previous map matching technology. We will eventually discuss more possibilities we enable with our approach.
The thesis takes a holistic view of Account-Based Marketing (ABM) program. It draws from the available literature about Account-based Marketing together with semi-structured expert interviews to answer the research question; What Organizational characteristics play an important role when implementing an Account-Based Marketing (ABM) program; that is; how can ABM be implemented successfully and what are the key success factors? From the findings, it is imperative for companies to focus on four key pillars in executing the program; Strategy, technology, people and processes. In finding a proper mix of these pillars across each maturity stage of the program, that is; being able to understand when to adjust the strategy, which technology to acquire, the right processes (ABM approach) to apply and at all times to keep the sales, marketing and delivery teams involved in harmony, companies will successfully execute the program. More so, the thesis provides a framework for companies that is; start-ups, small-medium and enterprises that are looking to apply the ABM program. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, having meaningful value-adding relationships between buying and selling companies in the Business to Business (B2B) has become even more relevant. Applying an Account-based marketing strategy enables companies on both sides to achieve this.
This study examines the effects of medium-range influencer Instagram postings compared to traditional print ads. Using cosmetic products as an example, the study examines how these alternative forms of advertising influence attitude components and consumers' propensity to buy.
As a result, the advertising impact of the Instagram posting is lower than that of the classic print ad. The Instagram posting has its greatest effect where consumers already follow influencers (follower status).
The situational variable (type of advertising) proves to be more powerful in explaining consumers' attitudes as personal variables. Among the latter, product involvement has more explanatory power than the general personality traits of the Big Five. To explain the propensity to buy, product involvement is even more meaningful than the type of advertising. Overall, this shows that the effect of situational and personal factors on dependent variables of consumer behaviour cannot be generalised, but that it is generally recommended to include both situational and personal determinants in the analysis.
The Stability of Attitude and the Significance of Affective-emotional and Cognitive Components
(2018)
Research on attitude has a long tradition in marketing. It has commonly been assumed that attitudes are relatively stable over time. Contrary to this hypothesis, this paper shows that merely confronting consumers with some cognitive criteria concerning brand evaluation can in fact change their rating in the short term. A second finding is that evaluations of sportswear brands become consistently more negative when subjected to the cognitive evaluation process. A third result shows that purchasing behaviour can be explained to a greater extent by emotions than by cognitive components of attitude.
Although there is a numerous amount of literature on the effects of background music in advertising, we still lack empirical studies on the prerequisites and effects of audiobranding. The current paper deals with the question to which extent success of audio branding can be explained by several potential determinants. The success of audio branding is operationalised by measuring the level of aided and unaided recall of audio logos.
We distinguish between two categories of determinants: Firstly brand relatedpredictors such as fit between brand and audio logo.Secondly, according to the logic of market segmentation´s criteria, we derive personal-related predictors such as age and consumer´s musicality (i.e. sociodemographic), involvement (psychographic) and media use (behavioural).
The survey examines the coherence of such criteria with the recall of eight famous brands´ audio logos. As a result, all brand-related and personal-related predictors show weak but significant correlations with the recall of audio logos.
In the second step a multiple logistic regression analysis is performed to measure the contribution of each explanatory variable. Five out of seven predictors prove to be relevant for the success of audio branding.
Spatial Hypertext represents associations between chunks of information by spatial or visual attributes (such as proximity, color, shape etc.). This allows expressing information structures implicitly and in an intuitive way. However, automatic recognition of such informal, implicitly encoded structures by a machine (a so-called spatial parser) is still a challenge. One reason is, that conventional (non-adaptive) parsers are conceptually restricted by their underlying source of information (i. e., the spatial hypertext). Due to this limitation there are several types of structures that cannot be recognized properly. This inevitably limits both quality of parser output and parser performance. We claim that considering temporal aspects in addition to spatial and visual properties in spatial parser design will lead to significant increase in parsing accuracy, detection of richer structures and thus higher parser performance.
For the purpose of providing evidence, parsers for recognizing spatial, visual and temporal object relations have been implemented and tested in a series of user surveys. It turned out, that in none of the test cases pure spatial or visual parser could outperform the spatio-temporal parser. Instead, the spatiotemporal parser was able to compensate limitations of conventional parsers. Furthermore, differences in parsing accuracy were successfully tested for statistical significance. The results indicate a non-trivial effect that is recognizable by humans. We have shown that the addition of a temporal parser shifts machine detected structures significantly closer to what knowledge workers intend to express.
Analysis of Web 2.0 Technologies for Medical applications: Turning I-CAN into a collaborative tool
(2009)
1.1 Motivation I-CAN do it! That is the motto of the Centre for Disability Studies (CDS) and their instrument for the classification and assessment of support needs I-CAN. Since 2001, the CDS and partners are developing a tool to help support services to determine the current and future support needs of persons with disabilities. The current version 4.2 is the first web based tool and was introduced recently in 2008. However, the CDS is already looking ahead and is thinking about improvements for the following versions of their tool. With the huge success of Web 2.0 applications for the general use, also the health informatics sector got conscious of this technology and developed their own Web 2.0 tools. These applications, called Medicine 2.0 applications, are buzzwords in the health informatics community that appear in the press more and more often. In September 2008, the first Medicine 2.0 congress took place in Toronto, Canada and introduced the interesting concepts of Medicine 2.0 applications. The CDS is also interested in this development and is intererested in exploring how I-CAN can benefit from these new concepts. Their main concern is to empower persons with disabilities to get actively involved in their health care, according to the motto: I-CAN do it!
In recent years, companies discovered flash mobs as a unique way to promote their brand, a new product or service by combining virtual and live marketing communication strategies. In today’s world, where customers are targeted by several hundred advertising messages per day and where rejectionist attitudes and advertisement blindness is constantly increasing, flash mob marketing represents a promising direct interface between the customer and the business. Since flash mob marketing focuses on linking positive emotions and experiences to the organisers’ business, sophisticated flash mob marketing can become one of the most effective marketing strategies. It not only creates brand awareness, but also increases brand differentiation, brand loyalty and purchasing intentions. Furthermore, costs of the campaign remain relatively low if it is successful. Moreover, flash mob marketing can be adapted to different needs and is therefore suitable for any kind of business. Consequently, flash mob marketing represents a huge opportunity for businesses – regardless of a company’s available budget or its size.
However, if not well thought out, flash mob marketing bears also crucial risks: if the event fails to raise positive emotions within the target group, organisers will not only lose money but also risk creating long-term rejectionist feelings and attitudes, thus threatening their own brand or product. To avoid such an outcome, it is pivotal for the organising business to understand the environment of its target group – especially if the target group has another national and cultural background than the business itself. Therefore, this paper will deal with the question how culture- and country-specific differences impact the success of flash mob marketing campaigns, and highlights aspects which need to be considered in this context in the planning and execution of the event. The study is based on the examination of these exemplarily chosen countries: Germany, Indonesia and Mexico.