FB5 Informationswissenschaften
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Context-aware information is widely available in various ways and is becoming more and more important for enhancing retrieval performance and recommendation results. A primary challenge is not only recommending or retrieving the most relevant items and content, but defining them ad hoc. Other relevant issues include personalizing and adapting the information and the way it is displayed to the user’s current situation and interests. Ubiquitous computing provides new means for capturing user feedback on items and offers information. This year we are particularly interested in contributions investigating how context can influence decision making in contexts such as health, finance, food, education etc. and how systems can exploit context to assert positive behavioral change.
Bibliotheken stehen seit jeher vor der Aufgabe, große Datenmengen zu verwalten und diese den Nutzern zugänglich zu machen. Bestandsvisualisierungen bieten dazu neue Potenziale, diese Aufgabe zu bewältigen und die Informationsrecherche, Ergebnisdarstellung und -analyse bibliografischer Bestandsdaten zu optimieren. Der folgende Artikel zeigt anhand verschiedener Beispiele aus dem bibliothekarischen Kontext, dass Bestandsvisualisierungen in der Lage sind, Zusammenhänge darzustellen, explorative Suchstrategien zu fördern und Kontextualisierungen zu ermöglichen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus der Analyse der Beispiele fließen anschließend in die Konzeption einer eigenen Visualisierung in Form eines bibliothekarischen Katalog-Interfaces.
Um das Forschungsdatenmanagement an den Hochschulen erfolgreich zu implementieren, ist eine entsprechende Stärkung der Informationskompetenz unverzichtbar. Nicht nur die Lernenden, Lehrenden und Forschenden sind gefragt, auch die Serviceeinrichtungen der Hochschulen sollten sich auf die neue Herausforderung einstellen. Die Hochschulen sind aufgerufen, neue Studiengänge anzubieten, die Berufsprofile wie den Data Steward, den Data Librarian oder den Data Scientist schaffen. Unerlässlich ist außerdem auch das Engagement der Hochschulleitungen. Es existieren an deutschen Hochschulen bereits einige gute Beispiele, sowohl was den Aufbau eines Forschungsdatenmanagements als auch der entsprechenden Informationskompetenz angeht. Allerdings bedarf es zugleich eines koordinierenden Handelns, damit bestehende bottom up-Initiativen zu einem national und international abgestimmten Forschungsdatenmanagement weiterentwickelt werden können. Hier ist vor allem die Politik gefragt. Sie sollte sich nicht nur an der nationalen Koordinierung des Forschungsdatenmanagements aktiv beteiligen, sondern auch die nötigen Sondermittel bereitstellen.
SemRes
(2016)
Documentation is very time consuming; conservators have to categorize photos, give detailed description of the procedures and justify decisions about materials. Every conservator delivers his/her own documentation to the respective monument administrations that archive it in their shelves, without any possibility to access them digitally. In this case, the access to already conducted procedures, as well as the provision of the knowledge about the methods and materials used are very difficult often almost impossible. The SemRes System provides conservators with semantic technologies in order to better structure and retrieve their knowledge and supports them in decision-making for conservation and conservation procedures.
While digitalization opens up new possibilities for cultural heritage and tourism it also brings new challenges. Initiatives such as “Europeana”, an internet portal for cultural heritage within the European Union, support institutions with the display of their collections. National initiatives complement these efforts. This report describes initiatives and projects for generating and sustaining digital cultural heritage resources in the German state of Brandenburg. With the cultural heritage distributed throughout the state and managed by hundreds of institutions, the task of digitalization is a common challenge for all of these institutions. Digitalization and digital sustainability is limited by shortcomings in areas of human resources, knowledge and IT infrastructure. In light of these limitations, the cultural heritage community addresses challenges with an interdisciplinary approach. It is based on a collaborative model with four levels: (1) a statewide strategy of an interdisciplinary task force; (2) cooperative projects; (3) cooperative IT infrastructure; and (4) an overall coordination. The priorities are: (1) creating and displaying digital content; (2) establishing best practices and workflows; (3) developing cooperative infrastructures for sustainment. Since 2012, several projects have been implemented based on that collaborative model. More than 50 participating institutions benefited from cooperative planning, managing, digitizing and digital presentation. With regard to the third priority, the task force’s next step is finding solutions for digital preservation. Considering the lack of funding and resources in the cultural heritage sector, options for creating and sustaining digital resources are limited. Digital cultural heritage requires interdisciplinary thinking, cooperative initiatives, reliable IT infrastructures and additional funding.
Experiments using Semantic Web technologies to connect IUGONET, ESPAS and GFZ ISDC data portals
(2016)
E-science on the Web plays an important role and offers the most advanced technology for the integration of data systems. It also makes available data for the research of more and more complex aspects of the system earth and beyond. The great number of e-science projects founded by the European Union (EU), university-driven Japanese efforts in the field of data services and institutional anchored developments for the enhancement of a sustainable data management in Germany are proof of the relevance and acceptance of e-science or cyberspace-based applications as a significant tool for successful scientific work. The collaboration activities related to near-earth space science data systems and first results in the field of information science between the EU-funded project ESPAS, the Japanese IUGONET project and the GFZ ISDC-based research and development activities are the focus of this paper. The main objective of the collaboration is the use of a Semantic Web approach for the mashup of the project related and so far inoperable data systems. Both the development and use of mapped and/or merged geo and space science controlled vocabularies and the connection of entities in ontology-based domain data model are addressed. The developed controlled vocabularies for the description of geo and space science data and related context information as well as the domain ontologies itself with their domain and cross-domain relationships will be published in Linked Open Data.
Research infrastructures have an ever greater presence in both the Humanities and Cultural Heritage Studies. Scholars and information professionals working in the fields of research libraries, archives, and information play a crucial role as users and providers in cultivating the kind of world-class research that today increasingly relies on the use of these digital research infrastructures. Therefore, their continuous professional development is essential for them to be able to reap the benefits available from the ever-changing field of eHumanities and eHeritage research infrastructures, a mission that is at the heart of the Training team of the Horizon 2020 funded project PARTHENOS (“Pooling Activities, Resources and Tools for Heritage e-Research, Optimization and Synergies”).
This paper describes the “PARTHENOS eHumanities and eHeritage Webinar Series”. These five live and interactive seminars delivered via the internet represent an introductory training programme that focuses on the professional development and capacity building needs and requirements of (digital) humanities and cultural heritage scholars, as well as of information specialists who work for digital humanities and digital heritage infrastructures. Using the PARTHENOS Webinar Series as a case study of the development and delivery of research infrastructure-focussed professional development, the paper outlines the intellectual, educational, and practical context in which the PARTHENOS Webinar Series was conceived, the syllabus used for the initial run of the series, and the analysis of the data collection exercises conducted after the first five webinars, especially the feedback collected from both the trainees and the trainers (online survey and open questions study), and it discusses possibilities for improvement. In the conclusion, the paper places the insights from the PARTHENOS webinars in the context of the potential of webinars for research infrastructure training. It argues that in order to reap their full potential for research infrastructures as training instrument as well as instruments to gain insights in user requirements, new developments, and for community building, further theoretical grounding, professionalization, and on-going analysis of their effectiveness is needed.
Inquiry-based learning has selectively found its way into the teaching of information science – not as a didactic guiding principle, however. In the following article, the basic conditions for research in information science and the application of methods in the discipline will be used to work out the opportunities provided by using inquiry-based learning formats in information science.
„Fremdbestände“ im Archiv
(2020)
Im Januar 2020 wurde ich bei einem Magazinrundgang im Diözesanarchiv Rottenburg (im Folgenden: DAR) auf Filmrollen aufmerksam, die mit einem Etikett „Katholisches Filmwerk“ gekennzeichnet waren. Auf meine Frage, was denn genau das Katholische Filmwerk sei, erhielt ich von der Leiterin des DAR die Antwort, dass es sich bei dem Bestand (im Folgenden: KFW) um einen „Fremdbestand“ handele, der bisher noch unbearbeitet sei. Der Grund: Das KFW sei eine überdiözesane Einrichtung mit einer inhaltlich überdiözesanen Überlieferung, weswegen die Archivleitung gar nicht genau wisse, ob der Bestandsbildner überhaupt in die archivische Zuständigkeit des DAR falle und/oder die Überlieferung zum „Überlieferungsprofil“ des DAR passe. Darüber hinaus liege mit der Filmüberlieferung eine Überlieferungsform bzw. Archivaliengattung vor, mit der das DAR bislang kaum Erfahrung gesammelt habe. Es sei daher fraglich sei, ob das DAR diesen Bestand adäquat zu erschließen vermag. Diese Aussagen waren die Initialzündung für die vorliegende Arbeit. Das KFW soll dabei nur beispielhaft stehen für Bestände in Diözesanarchiven, die nicht unmittelbar in die Zuständigkeit eines bestimmten Archivs fallen, somit einerseits in gewisser Weise einem unbestimmten „Graubereich“ angehören und daher als „fremd“ angesehen werden können, andererseits aber inhaltlich-thematisch der Überlieferung des eigenen Archivs nicht völlig fernstehen.
Over the past two decades, knowledge management (KM) and the use of information technologies (IT) has attracted increasing interest. IT is widely considered as a vital part of KM, providing means for knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. However, failures of KM in organizational practice are often attributed to an overemphasis of IT. Although KM and IT seem inextricably linked, research still struggles to identify a proper composition of the two. Via input from a global panel of KM experts from academia and practice (n = 222), we identify social software; consumerization (of knowledge); human factors; and the redesign of work, systems, and practices as future key research areas. These are contrasted with review papers proposing research in technologies aimed at supporting KM. On this basis, we present a future research agenda that should enhance the relationship between KM and IT, including their intersection through technology enablers.