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The Energy Transition requires social innovation to mobilise the necessary financing, increase acceptance towards technologies and trigger behavioural change. This thesis investigates consumer (co-)ownership in renewable energy as one possible solution to these challenges. It is argued that as such this instrument can contribute to expand renewable energy and bring the Energy Transition forward, both in countries that have been pioneering renewables, such as Germany, as well as in countries like Poland that have lagged behind.
With the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package the EU for the first time lay the ground for “citizen energy” embracing both the role of citizens as active consumers on the energy markets and as co-investors. The transposition of new EU rules into national laws is pending and expected to take years.
Therefore, it is crucial to determine the indispensable elements (1) of the most competitive consumer model and (2) of the facilitating framework that allows for the participation of heterogeneous actors without discriminating individual households. For that, this study examines conventional models for consumer (co-)ownership and investigates an innovative financing technique – the Consumer Stock Ownership Plan (CSOP) – to modernise established schemes while meeting prerequisites for the governance of energy communities introduced by the relevant European directives.
Based on a detailed analysis of the energy policies, support systems, existing models for collective projects and the feasibility of the CSOP in Germany and Poland, this study presents a range of recommendations for national frameworks.