Refine
Document Type
- Doctoral thesis (3)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3)
Keywords
- Morphologie (3) (remove)
Institute
The old city core experienced a long series of modernization process that affected the old urban fabric and the coherence among urban elements. This dissertation tried to explore the intervention methods and the variety of impacts that have been occurred inside the old core . New streets that were added to the city changed the urban space hierarchy in each time. Starting from analyzing the spatial form via exploring the morphology of the city up to analyze the city skyline is the main methodology of this work. The spatial form of the city of Baghdad shows the impacts of multi planning approaches belong to variant master plans which were proposed and achieved to manage the city growth and development. Those impacts were varied and explained in this dissertation based on the change in the city network, city expansion and land use distribution. The old city of Baghdad was analyzed and explained in details in term of investigating the morphological layers for different periods showing the development of Baghdad urban structure by new comparative plans that explain the change between two following morphological periods. The understanding of the transformation in each morphological period was based on the following criteria’s (urban growth, urban space development, urban components and innovations) to provide a comprehensive investigation about the behavior of the urban components. The investigation of the main old and new streets was well assessed showing their structure, building typologies and the role of the urban space typologies along the segments of those streets. The transect analysis method was used by having nine sections through the old city in different areas to understand the transformation in the city of Baghdad and the impacts of the unregulated development process accompanied within the lack of clear urban management method. The development of the city skyline provided a clear interpretation about the impacts of inserting new urban space and building typologies inside the old core. It was so clear that the hypothesis of this dissertation was proved in showing the role of the street hierarchy change (for both pedestrian and car street in different segments) in exploring the mechanism of the conflict among urban components that bring more destruction to the city. The conclusion showed what to avoid in any prospective rehabilitation process and gave the impacts of the previous interventions that shoud not be repeated in the future.
Role of substrates morphology and chemistry in ALD HfO₂ on Si(111)-H terminated surfaces as model
(2017)
This work presents an approach to investigate fundamental aspects concerning the early stage of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth process on stepped surfaces. The first interaction between precursors and surface is strongly important for the ALD growth that it is still far away from the status to be completely understood.
For this purpose, a few ALD-cycles withtetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium (TDMAH) and trimethylaluminum (TMA) as metallic precursors and water (H₂O) as oxidant has been performed in order to study the initial metal oxide film growth on stepped surfaces such as silicon Si(111)-H terminated, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and silver deposited HOPG (Ag-HOPG). These investigations have been carried out at various substrate temperatures, where scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used systematically to probe the ALD features. This technique is delivering unique knowledge about the locality and the density of nucleation’s sites on the different substrates. The data collected are then subjected to a mathematical model to understand the growth and to determine the effect of the surface morphology and chemistry on the behavior of the nucleation.
The in-situ cycle-by-cycle STM investigation of 4 initial ALD cycles of TDMAH and H₂O on Si(111)-H terminated at room temperature (RT) and at 280°C displays two regimes of growth: In Regime I (1st - 2nd cycle) an increase in roughness in the first cycle to 0.2nm and 0.34nm respectively for RT and 280°C with a partial surface coverage of 71% and 54% is observed. In the 2nd cycle, the coverage increased to ~98% and 94% maintaining the same film height of the 1st cycle. A complete layer is formed in this regime. The results are discussed in reference to the Puurunen model. Following this model, the determination of the reaction mechanism in relation to the number of Hf atoms/nm² attached to the surface reveals that two ligands exchanges occur at RT and one ligand exchange at 280°C in the first regime. In addition, the origin of the reaction saturation was determined to be caused by the steric hindrance effect. In this first regime, the growth model is governed by random deposition followed by Mullins diffusion as determined from the universal values found for the roughness dynamic exponents (α, β, 1/z) of the film.
Hohe Nährstoffkonzentrationen können aquatische Ökosysteme stark belasten. Bei der integrierten Gewässerbewirtschaftung kommt der Quantifizierung der natürlichen Nährstoffsenken eine große Bedeutung zu. Für den anorganischen Stickstoff sind dies die biogene Assimilation und die benthische Denitrifikation. Denitrifikation wurde bisher vor allem auf der Prozessskala untersucht, eine räumlich differenzierte Erfassung auf mesoskaliger Ebene ist noch nicht erfolgt. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist die räumlich aufgelöste Quantifizierung des Nährstoffumsatzes - mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Stickstoffretention – am Beispiel eines 70 km langen Flussabschnitts der Weißen Elster. Dies wird anhand von Längsschnitt- und Tag/Nacht-Beprobungen, bei denen auch der benthische Biofilm und die Sedimente berücksichtigt wurden, analysiert. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Durchführung von Modellanalysen. Es wurde eine modifizierte Version des Gewässergütemodells WASP verwendet. Damit wurden die Sensitivitäten morphologischer Faktoren untersucht sowie die Einfluss von Renaturierungsmaßnahmen auf den Nährstoffhaushalt analysiert. Unter sommerlichen Verhältnissen wurde eine erhebliche Stickstoffretention nachgewiesen. Auf der 70 km langen Fließstrecke werden bis zu 32% der in das Gewässer eingetragenen N-Fracht durch Denitrifikation eliminiert. Die Denitrifikation schwankt räumlich sehr stark: Der Stickstoffrückhalt liegt zwischen 0,2 und 1,25 mgN/(l·d), die mittlere Denitrifikationsrate schwankt zwischen 240 mgN/(m2d) in einem kanalisierten Abschnitt und 639 mgN/(m2d) in einem naturnahen Bereich. Von den untersuchten morphologischen Faktoren hat die Länge der Fließstrecke den größten Einfluss auf den Stickstoffrückhalt. Eine Verlängerung der Fließstrecke um 10% bewirkt eine Verringerung der Nitrat-Konzentration um 2,7%. Die Auswirkungen der im Rahmen einer Szenarienanalyse betrachteten Renaturierungsmaßnahmen auf die Stickstoffbelastung sind gering.