Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (359)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (347)
- Posterpräsentation (94)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (56)
- Forschungsdatensatz (20)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Dissertation (7)
- Forschungsbericht (6)
- Sonstiges (5)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (3)
Sprache
- Englisch (775)
- Deutsch (127)
- Mehrsprachig (8)
- Französisch (1)
- Russisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Additive manufacturing (57)
- Additive Manufacturing (56)
- Corrosion (50)
- Microstructure (36)
- Glass (31)
- Creep (29)
- Transmission electron microscopy (29)
- Ontology (27)
- EBSD (21)
- Fatigue (21)
- Crack growth (17)
- Ceramics (16)
- Degradation (16)
- Residual stress (16)
- CCS (15)
- Crystallization (15)
- Additive Fertigung (14)
- Sintering (14)
- 316L (13)
- LCF (13)
- Oxidation (13)
- Steel (13)
- Ti-6Al-4V (13)
- High entropy alloys (12)
- Machine Learning (12)
- Aging (11)
- Aluminium (11)
- Fraktographie (11)
- High temperature corrosion (11)
- Ontologie (11)
- Alloy 2618A (10)
- CALPHAD (10)
- CCUS (10)
- Carbon steel (10)
- Ceramic (10)
- Coarsening (10)
- Electron microscopy (10)
- Fractography (10)
- High entropy alloy (10)
- Mechanical properties (10)
- Particle size (10)
- Scanning electron microscopy (10)
- 3D printing (9)
- Crystal plasticity (9)
- DCB (9)
- EN AW-2618A (9)
- Impurities (9)
- Laser powder bed fusion (9)
- Neutron diffraction (9)
- SEM (9)
- Thermoelectrics (9)
- VSSA (9)
- Water speciation (9)
- X-ray diffraction (9)
- AISI 316L (8)
- Alumina (8)
- Diffraction (8)
- Digitalisierung (8)
- FAIR (8)
- Mikrostruktur (8)
- S-phase (8)
- Sulfidation (8)
- AGIL (7)
- Anisotropy (7)
- Digitalization (7)
- Hydrogen (7)
- Kriechen (7)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (7)
- Martensitic steel (7)
- Mechanical testing (7)
- Nanoparticles (7)
- Nickel-base superalloys (7)
- Powder (7)
- Semantic Web Technologies (7)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (7)
- Vickers (7)
- Water content (7)
- Zugversuch (7)
- Aluminium alloy (6)
- Bioactive glass (6)
- CO2 (6)
- CO2 quality (6)
- Full Notch Creep Test (6)
- Geothermal (6)
- HIP (6)
- Heat treatment (6)
- High-temperature corrosion (6)
- LTCC (6)
- Nano powder (6)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (6)
- Polymer (6)
- Schadensanalyse (6)
- Schädigung (6)
- Selective laser melting (6)
- Superalloy (6)
- TEM (6)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (6)
- Carbon capture (5)
- Composite (5)
- Computed Tomography (5)
- Creep behavior (5)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (5)
- Data Interoperability (5)
- Diesel (5)
- Environmental stress cracking (5)
- Fe-Al alloys (5)
- Foaming (5)
- High alloyed steel (5)
- In situ (5)
- Inconel 686 (5)
- Intermetallics (5)
- Iron aluminides (5)
- Keramik (5)
- Knowledge Representation (5)
- Lebensdauer (5)
- Metallic glasses (5)
- Microgravity (5)
- Modeling (5)
- PMD Core Ontology (5)
- Phase-field simulation (5)
- Pipeline network (5)
- Plasticity (5)
- Polymer matrix composites (5)
- Reference data (5)
- Sample preparation (5)
- Semantic Interoperability (5)
- Shear modulus (5)
- Simulation (5)
- Slurry (5)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO2 (5)
- Tensile Test (5)
- ToF-SIMS (5)
- X-ray refraction (5)
- Young's modulus (5)
- AISI 304L (4)
- Aluminum alloys (4)
- Bildanalyse (4)
- Carbon dioxide (4)
- Carbon steels (4)
- Characterization (4)
- Compositionally complex alloys (4)
- Crystal orientation (4)
- Damage (4)
- Deuterium (4)
- Diffusion (4)
- Droplet corrosion (4)
- EXAFS (4)
- Elastic modulus (4)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (4)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (4)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (4)
- Ermüdung (4)
- FAIR data management (4)
- Fatigue crack growth (4)
- Fracture surface (4)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (4)
- Glas (4)
- High Cycle Fatigue (4)
- High temperature (4)
- High-density polyethylene (4)
- High-entropy alloy (4)
- High-entropy alloys (4)
- IN718 (4)
- In-space manufacturing (4)
- Internal friction (4)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (4)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (4)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (4)
- Low cycle fatigue (4)
- Mechanical behavior (4)
- Metallic glass (4)
- Microstrucrue Design (4)
- Microstructural characterization (4)
- Microstructure Design (4)
- Microstructure evolution (4)
- Molecular dynamics (4)
- NTE (4)
- Nano-powder (4)
- Nanoindentation (4)
- Ni-Resist (4)
- Normung (4)
- Orientation (4)
- Oxidglas (4)
- PE-HD (4)
- Pattern matching (4)
- Pipeline (4)
- Pitting (4)
- Plastic deformation (4)
- Polyaniline (4)
- Recommendations (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- Residual Stress (4)
- SIMS (4)
- Scale-bridging (4)
- Spray drying (4)
- Stress relaxation (4)
- Superaustenite steel (4)
- Surface (4)
- TMF (4)
- Tensile test (4)
- Texture (4)
- Thermomechanics (4)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (4)
- Ultrasound (4)
- Virtual experiments (4)
- Welding (4)
- Whole-chain CCS scenario (4)
- Wissensrepräsentation (4)
- 3D (3)
- 3D-Printing (3)
- 3D-printing (3)
- Ab-initio (3)
- Advanced ceramics (3)
- Aluminium Alloy (3)
- Betriebsfestigkeit (3)
- Binder Jetting (3)
- Bioceramics (3)
- Biodiesel (3)
- Brinell hardness (3)
- CCU (3)
- CFK (3)
- CLS (3)
- Calcination (3)
- Calcium cobaltite (3)
- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (3)
- Ceramic spring (3)
- Chemically complex alloy (3)
- Coating (3)
- Computed tomography (3)
- Corrosion Fatigue (3)
- Corrosion fatigue (3)
- Coulomb explosion (3)
- Crack (3)
- Crack Propagation (3)
- Crack evolution (3)
- Crack propagation (3)
- Crack tip opening displacement (3)
- Creep data (3)
- Creep-fatigue (3)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (3)
- Data Fusion (3)
- Data mapping (3)
- Datenbank (3)
- Defects (3)
- Destabilization (3)
- Dielectric strength (3)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (3)
- Digital image correlation (3)
- Digitaler Zwilling (3)
- Diopside (3)
- Elastic constants (3)
- FIB (3)
- Ferritic-martensitic steels (3)
- Finite element analysis (3)
- Fracture (3)
- Fracture Toughness (3)
- Fracture mechanics (3)
- Fracture surface analysis (3)
- Fracture toughness (3)
- General Materials Science (3)
- Glass ceramic (3)
- Glass powder (3)
- Glass transition (3)
- Glass-ceramic (3)
- Glass-ceramics (3)
- Gold nanoparticles (3)
- Grain boundaries (3)
- Grain boundary engineering (3)
- High Entropy Alloy (3)
- High temperature mechanical properties (3)
- IN 718 (3)
- ISRU (3)
- In situ tensile test (3)
- Inconel 718 (3)
- Interfacial strength (3)
- Iron (3)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (3)
- Kikuchi diffraction (3)
- Kikuchi patterns (3)
- Laser beam melting (3)
- Laser cladding (3)
- Lattice misfit (3)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (3)
- ML (3)
- Martensite (3)
- Mechanical Engineering (3)
- Mechanics of Materials (3)
- Mechanische Eigenschaften (3)
- Metadata schema (3)
- Microhardness (3)
- Microstructure analysis (3)
- NMR spectroscopy (3)
- Nano (3)
- Nanomaterials (3)
- Nickel-based superalloys (3)
- Oxide Glasses (3)
- PMDco (3)
- Phase transformations (3)
- Phase-field (3)
- Polyethylene (3)
- Porosity (3)
- Precipitation (3)
- REM (3)
- Referenzdaten (3)
- Relaxation (3)
- Residual Stresses (3)
- Residual stresses (3)
- Roughness (3)
- Röntgenrefraktion (3)
- S-Phase (3)
- SLM (3)
- Selective Laser Melting (3)
- Self-healing (3)
- Semantic Web (3)
- SiO2 (3)
- Silicate Glasses (3)
- Single crystal (3)
- Sol-gel (3)
- Sol-gel coating (3)
- Solid-state (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Sulfiding (3)
- Superalloys (3)
- Superlegierung (3)
- Surface crystallization (3)
- Surface energy (3)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (3)
- TDEP (3)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (3)
- Tensile data (3)
- Tensile testing (3)
- Thermal expansion (3)
- Titanium (3)
- Topography (3)
- UV-irradiation (3)
- Utilization (3)
- Vickers indentation (3)
- Viscoplasticity (3)
- Viscosity (3)
- Wasser (3)
- Wind energy (3)
- XRD (3)
- Zirconia (3)
- µ-gravity (3)
- μ-gravity (3)
- 3D Druck (2)
- AM (2)
- Additiv gefertigter Stahl (2)
- Agglomerates (2)
- Aggressive environment (2)
- Al2O3 (2)
- Alkali zinc borate glasses (2)
- Alloy design (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Aluminum alloy (2)
- Annealing (2)
- Aquifer (2)
- Atom probe tomography (2)
- Austenitic stainless steel (2)
- Austenitic steel 316L (2)
- Automation (2)
- Biaxial strength (2)
- Binder jetting (2)
- Bio Ceramics (2)
- Bioactive Glass (2)
- Bioactivity (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Bond energy (2)
- Bone regeneration (2)
- Brittle fracture (2)
- Bruchflächen (2)
- CO2-storage (2)
- CT (2)
- Calciumcobaltit (2)
- Calciummanganat (2)
- Capture (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Carbon capture and storage (2)
- Carbon capture storage (2)
- Carbon fibres (2)
- Carbon storage (2)
- Casting (2)
- CeO2 (2)
- Cement (2)
- Ceria (2)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (2)
- Chromium oxide (2)
- Coatings (2)
- Composites (2)
- Condensate (2)
- Condensation (2)
- Copper (2)
- Copper alloys (2)
- Corrosion resistance (2)
- CrMnFeCoNi (2)
- Crack propagation analysis (2)
- Crevice corrosion (2)
- DLS (2)
- Data management (2)
- Dataset (2)
- Deep Learning (2)
- Dehnungsfehler (2)
- Density (2)
- Density-based Phase-Field Modelling (2)
- Density-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Density-based model (2)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Dental (2)
- Dielectric breakdown (2)
- Dielectric properties (2)
- Diffusion coefficient (2)
- Digital material representation (2)
- Digitization (2)
- Digtial Representation (2)
- Diopsid (2)
- Dislocation (2)
- Dislocations (2)
- Dispersion process (2)
- EDX (2)
- EDXRD (2)
- Early oxidation (2)
- Elastic microstructure (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Electron beam induced modification (2)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (2)
- Electron diffraction (2)
- Electron energy (2)
- Electron-beam-induced modification (2)
- Energy distribution (2)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) (2)
- Environmentally assisted cracking (2)
- Extensometer (2)
- FAIR Data Management (2)
- FAIR data (2)
- Fahrrad (2)
- Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (2)
- Fatigue performance (2)
- FeCr- alloys (2)
- Fiber reinforced polymer (2)
- Flowability (2)
- Fracture Surface Analysis (2)
- Fracture surface energy (2)
- Fraktografie (2)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (2)
- GD-OES (2)
- GFK (2)
- GFRP (2)
- Gitterkonstanten (2)
- GlasDigital (2)
- Glass composition (2)
- Glass forming (2)
- Gold (2)
- Grain boundary (2)
- Granules (2)
- Hard machining (2)
- Hardness (2)
- High Alloyed Steel (2)
- High Entropy Alloys (2)
- High Temperature Corrosion (2)
- High Temperature Testing (2)
- Hochentropie-Legierung (2)
- Hochtemperatur (2)
- Hot pressing (2)
- IR (2)
- Imaging techniques (2)
- In-situ (2)
- Inconel 625 (2)
- Infrared spectroscopy (2)
- Infrastructure (2)
- Injection (2)
- Interface (2)
- Interfacial shear strength (2)
- Interphase (2)
- Joined nickel-based alloys (2)
- Kavitation (2)
- Kikuchi pattern (2)
- Kleinprobenprüfung (2)
- Knowledge Graph (2)
- Kontrastierung (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Laminography (2)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Layerwise (2)
- Lead borate glasses (2)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (2)
- Long-term storage (2)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (2)
- Lunar habitat (2)
- Lunar regolith (2)
- Lunar regolith simulant (2)
- MOUSE (2)
- Manganese oxide (2)
- Mars (2)
- Martensitic transformation (2)
- Mass transport (2)
- Material Digital (2)
- Material degradation (2)
- Material digital (2)
- Materials Modelling (2)
- Materials science (2)
- Medium Entropy Alloys (2)
- Melt pool boundary (2)
- Micro-shrinkages (2)
- Microstructural analysis (2)
- Microstructure and texture (2)
- Microstructure-property-correlation (2)
- Mikrostrukturentwicklung (2)
- Mixed Ca-K-Na phosphates (2)
- Mixed gas atmosphere (2)
- Multiaxial deformation (2)
- Multilayer (2)
- Multilayertechnik (2)
- NDT (2)
- NFDI (2)
- Na and K rhenanites (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- Nano screening (2)
- Nanopulver (2)
- Nanostructure quantification (2)
- Native oxide (2)
- Neutron Diffraction (2)
- Nickel alloys (2)
- Nickel-base alloy (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Notches (2)
- OECD TG 124 (2)
- Ontologien (2)
- Ontology development (2)
- Ostwald ripening (2)
- Oxidation behavior (2)
- P92 (2)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (2)
- PMD (2)
- Parametric modeling (2)
- Paving (2)
- Phase diagram (2)
- Phase-Field Simulations (2)
- Phasenidentifikation (2)
- Photon counting detector (2)
- Pipelines (2)
- Polyethylen (2)
- Polyethylen hoher Dichte (2)
- Polyethylene, PE-HD (2)
- Polymer Matrix Composites (2)
- Porcelain (2)
- Pores (2)
- Preceramic polymer (2)
- Pressure assisted sintering (2)
- Probengrößeneffekt (2)
- Process monitoring (2)
- Protective coating (2)
- Präparation (2)
- Push-out Test (2)
- Quasicrystal (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Rapid solidification (2)
- Reaction sintering (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Refractory high entropy alloys (2)
- Ressidual stress (2)
- Review (2)
- Rissentwicklung (2)
- Risswachstum (2)
- Roboter (2)
- Robotische Glasschmelzanlage (2)
- Round Robin (2)
- Röntgen-Refraktion (2)
- Röntgenbeugung (2)
- S355 steel sheet (2)
- SAXS (2)
- Schadensprävention (2)
- Schwingstreifen (2)
- Semantic Representation (2)
- Semantic web (2)
- Semantisches Web (2)
- Shape-memory alloys (2)
- Shear bands (2)
- Short-range order (2)
- Sibayak (2)
- Silicon Carbide (2)
- Silicon carbide (2)
- Silicon nanowires (2)
- Silver nanoparticle (2)
- Single-Crystal (2)
- Single-crystals (2)
- Sinter additive (2)
- Sintering additives (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Slow crack growth (2)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (2)
- Soda-lime-silica glass (2)
- Solar sintering (2)
- Spannungsriss (2)
- Spring constant (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standard (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Starch (2)
- Starch nanoparticle (2)
- Steels (2)
- Storage (2)
- Stress corrosion cracking (2)
- Stress intensity factor (2)
- Structural steel (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Sulphidation (2)
- Superalloy single crystals (2)
- Superconducting magnet (2)
- Supercritical CO2 (2)
- Surface Energy (2)
- Symmetric dwell periods (2)
- Synchrotron Tomography (2)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (2)
- Synthetic air (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Temperaturschwankungen (2)
- Tensile Properties (2)
- Tensile Test Ontology (2)
- Tensile properties (2)
- Thermal Spray (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Thermoelectric (2)
- Thermoelectric properties (2)
- Thermography (2)
- Thermomechanik (2)
- Ti64 (2)
- TiAl5V4 (2)
- Titan (2)
- Topografie (2)
- Topographie (2)
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) (2)
- Transparent ceramics (2)
- Two Photon Polymerization (2)
- Utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (2)
- Vickers hardness (2)
- Viscous sintering (2)
- Volume specific surface area (2)
- Wall thickness (2)
- Werkstoffprüfung (2)
- Wetting (2)
- X-Ray Diffraction (2)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2)
- XANES (2)
- Zero-g (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- corrosion (2)
- robotische Glasschmelzanlage (2)
- Öffentliche Sicherheit (2)
- 12%Cr steel (1)
- 150 Years (1)
- 2PP (1)
- 3D REM (1)
- 3D Reconstruction (1)
- 3D etching (1)
- 3D glass structure model (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D metallography (1)
- 3D-Metallographie (1)
- 3D-finite element modeling (1)
- 4-Dimensional scanning transmission (1)
- 5G (1)
- 9-12%Cr steel (1)
- 9–12%Cr steel (1)
- AFM (1)
- AFM based test methods (1)
- ATZ (1)
- Abgasturbolader Heißteile (1)
- Abrasion (1)
- Accelerated integration scheme (1)
- Accelerated temporal integration (1)
- Acid-leaching (1)
- Acids (1)
- Adiabatic calorimeter (1)
- Adiabatic shear bands (1)
- Adolf Martens (1)
- Advanced high strength steels (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Aerospace (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggressive environement (1)
- Aggressive environments (1)
- Aggressive gases (1)
- Aging mechanisms (1)
- Al alloys (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- Al-Cu binary alloy system (1)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-alloy (1)
- Al-Li alloys (1)
- Al2CuMg (1)
- Alcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Alkali aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Alkali and alkaline earth silicate and borate glass (1)
- Alkali-activated materials (1)
- Allgemeine Grundlagen (1)
- Alloy (1)
- Alloy 2818A (1)
- Alloy Safety (1)
- Alloy microstructure (1)
- Alloys (1)
- Alloys' Safety (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloys (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Aluminum Alloy Aging (1)
- Amorphous silica (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analytical scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (1)
- Angle measurement (1)
- Anwendungen (1)
- Approximant (1)
- Aquifer fluid (1)
- Artefact (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (1)
- Atmospheric plasma spraying (1)
- Atomic packing factor (1)
- Atomistic Simulation (1)
- Atomistic simulations (1)
- Atomization (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic alloys (1)
- Austenitic cast iron (1)
- Austenitic steel (1)
- Austenitischer Stahl (1)
- Automated Bragg angle determination (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automated finite element analysis (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automatische Finite Element Simulation (1)
- BCS (1)
- BET (1)
- BTS (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Beanspruchung (1)
- Behmite (1)
- Binders/binding (1)
- Bio Ceramic (1)
- Bio active ceramic (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bioactive bone grafting material (1)
- Bioactive glass scaffold (1)
- Biogeochemical cycling (1)
- Biogeochemistry (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biopolymer (1)
- Bioresorbable (1)
- Biphasic calcium phosphate (1)
- Bitter technique (1)
- Blähen (1)
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- Borosilicate glass (1)
- Bragg angles (1)
- Brass (1)
- Breakdown strength (1)
- Brittle / ductile fracture behavior (1)
- Bruch (1)
- Bruchflächenanalyse (1)
- Bruchflächenauswertung (1)
- Bubble formation (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Burst (1)
- C. lap-shear (1)
- CALPHAD database analysis (1)
- CALPHAD databases analysis (1)
- CCUS, supercritical/dense phase CO2, carbon steels, martensitic steel, superaustenite steel, droplet corrosion (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CMSX4 (1)
- CO2 Corrosion (1)
- CO2 pipeline transport (1)
- CO2 separation membranes (1)
- CO2-Speicherung (1)
- CO2-corrosion (1)
- Cabon capture and storage (1)
- Calcium Cobaltite (1)
- Calcium alkali orthophosphate materials (1)
- Calcium manganate (1)
- Calculated intrinsic fracture toughness (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cantor alloy (1)
- Carbide phase NbC (1)
- Carbon steels (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carbon Fibre (1)
- Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (1)
- Carbon fibre-reinforced-plastics (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Casing (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Cavitation (1)
- Ccs (1)
- Cellular substructure (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Centrifugal casting (1)
- Centrifugal compressor wheel (1)
- Ceramic multilayer (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramic springs (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certification Standard 22 (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Cetrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charpy test (1)
- Chemically Complex Alloy (1)
- Chemically complex alloys (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chromia (1)
- Chrystal orientation (1)
- Classification (1)
- Clay ISRU (1)
- Co-axial monitoring (1)
- Co-firing (1)
- Co-segregation (1)
- Co2-Storage (1)
- Cobald based alloy (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Complex borides (1)
- Complex concentrated alloy (CCA) (1)
- Complex loading (1)
- Composite structures (1)
- Composite testing (1)
- Compositionally complex alloy (1)
- Condensed Matter Physics (1)
- Confined catalyst (1)
- Contact angle (1)
- Contact fatigue (1)
- Contact mechanics (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Cooling rate (1)
- Cooling simulations (1)
- Coordinate measurement machine (1)
- Corrosion and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- Corrosion costs (1)
- Corrosion mechanism (1)
- Corrosion pits (1)
- Corrosion protection (1)
- Cow stress (1)
- Cr2O3 (1)
- CrCoNi (1)
- CrN/NbN (1)
- Crack arrest (1)
- Crack growth in air (1)
- Crack healing (1)
- Crack initiation (1)
- Crack opening displacement (1)
- Cracks (1)
- Creation-relaxation algorithm (1)
- Creep anisotropy (1)
- Creep behaviour (1)
- Creep mechanisms (1)
- Creep strength (1)
- Creep under thermal cycling (1)
- Creep, Creep Rupture, and Stress Rupture (1)
- Creep-fatigue interaction (1)
- Critical energy release rate (1)
- Crop protection formulations (1)
- Crop protection products (1)
- Cross linking (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cryogenic (1)
- Cryogenic cycling (1)
- Crystal Defects (1)
- Crystal Orientation (1)
- Crystal Plasticity Modelling (1)
- Crystal Texture (1)
- Crystal growth (1)
- Crystal growth velocity (1)
- Crystal lattice (1)
- Crystal lattice period (1)
- Crystal morphology (1)
- Crystalline defects (1)
- Crystallographic texture (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cupriavidus metallidurans (1)
- Cure process (1)
- Cuttlefish (1)
- Cyclic loading (1)
- Cyclic oxidation (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- Cyclic steam oxidation (1)
- Cytocompatibility (1)
- D. aging (1)
- D. creep D. viscoelasticity (1)
- DCB geometry (1)
- DED-L (1)
- DIN (1)
- Damage Behavior (1)
- Damage Tolerance (1)
- Damage evolution (1)
- Data Exchange (1)
- Data Management (1)
- Data Mapping (1)
- Data Structures (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Data format (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data linking (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data space (1)
- Data storage (1)
- Data structure (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Datenmanagement (1)
- Datenökosystem (1)
- Debonding (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Defect detection (1)
- Defects engineering (1)
- Defects phase diagram (1)
- Defects thermodynamics (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformation behavior (1)
- Deformation mechanisms (1)
- Degradation signatures (1)
- Dense phase (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Density-based phase-field modelling (1)
- Dentine (1)
- Deposition microstructure (1)
- Depth-profiling (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Die casting (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Dielectric breakdown strength (1)
- Dielectric characterization (1)
- Diesel Fuel (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Diffraction Elastic Constants (1)
- Digital representation (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Dimensional mismatch of crystalline lattice periods (misfit) (1)
- Directional grain growth (1)
- Dislocation avalanches (1)
- Dislocation substructure (1)
- Disordered assemblies (1)
- Dissimilar metal weld (1)
- Dissolved water (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensing (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensors (1)
- Domain Ontology Development (1)
- Double notched creep specimen (1)
- Driving physical mechanism (1)
- Droplet (1)
- Dry preparation (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Ductile iron (1)
- Durchschlagfestigkeit (1)
- Dwell periods (1)
- Dwell times (1)
- Dwell-Fatigue (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (1)
- Dynamic recrystallization (1)
- Dynamisch Mechanische Analyse (1)
- EAC-1A (1)
- EASA (1)
- EC4SafeNano (1)
- EIS (1)
- EN AW 2618A a (1)
- Early stages (1)
- Early sulfidation (1)
- Eigenschaften (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Elastic energy (1)
- Elastic properties (1)
- Electric conductivity (1)
- Electric field distribution (1)
- Electric field strength (1)
- Electrical insulation (1)
- Electrical insulators (1)
- Electrical resistance (1)
- Electrochemical characterisation (1)
- Electrochemical deposition (1)
- Electromicroscopy (1)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron back-scattered diffraction (1)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (1)
- Electron beam-induced charging (1)
- Electron microscopy, transmission (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) (1)
- Elektrotechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Enamel (1)
- Endothelial progenitor cell (1)
- Endurance Limit (1)
- Energy harvesting (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Epitaxial films (1)
- Epoxidharz (1)
- Epoxy (1)
- Epoxy Resin (1)
- Equilibrium relaxation (1)
- Ermüdungsriss (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Etching (1)
- European Centre (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Expanding cavity model (1)
- Experimental and numerical techniques (1)
- Explosive welding (1)
- Exposed metal sites (1)
- FAIR Data (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FIB Tomography (1)
- FSDC (1)
- Fabrication (1)
- Fabrication method (1)
- Faceting (1)
- Facilitated activation (1)
- Failure test (1)
- Faser (1)
- Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund (1)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (1)
- Fatigue Life Evaluation (1)
- Fatigue Testing (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation stages (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Fatigue fracture (1)
- Fatigue striations (1)
- Fe-Mn steels (1)
- Federkonstante (1)
- Feldspar (1)
- Fem (1)
- Femtosecond laser (1)
- Ferritic Alloys (1)
- Ferritic steels (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Ferrous phosphate hydrate (1)
- Fertigungsprozess (1)
- Fertigungstechnologie (1)
- Festigkeit (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fiber/matrix bond (1)
- Fibre reinforced plastic (1)
- Fibre/matrix bond (1)
- Film depositition (1)
- Fine Powder (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Finite elmenet simulation (1)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (1)
- Finland (1)
- First derivative (1)
- First year students (1)
- Flipped classroom (1)
- Focused Ion Beam (1)
- Focussed ion beam growth (1)
- Foliengießen (1)
- Force-distance diagram (1)
- Formerkennung (1)
- Four-point bending test (1)
- Fourier series (1)
- Fracture Mechanics (1)
- Fracture behavior (1)
- Fracture surfaces (1)
- Fragility (1)
- Freeze Drying (1)
- Freeze casting (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Fresnoite (1)
- Friction (1)
- Friction Stir Welding (1)
- Friction stir processing (1)
- Frozen state photopolymerization (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (1)
- Full notch creep test (1)
- Full-notch creep test (1)
- GMR (1)
- GMR sensors (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gasabgabe (1)
- Gasgehalt (1)
- Gasturbinen (1)
- Gefügeanalyse (1)
- Gefügerekonstruktion (1)
- Gefügeuntersuchung (1)
- Gefügte Nickelbasislegierungen (1)
- General Aviation (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Computer Science (1)
- General Engineering (1)
- Geometrical factors (1)
- Gitterfehlpassung (1)
- Glas fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Glass Ceramic (1)
- Glass Fibres (1)
- Glass crystallization stress (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Glass fiber-epoxy composites (1)
- Glass fibre (1)
- Glass melting (1)
- Glass screening device (1)
- Glass transformation temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramics definition (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Global stability criterion (1)
- Gnomonic projections (1)
- Gold nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Grade S960QL steel (1)
- Gradient-enhanced damage (1)
- Gradient-enhanced fatigue model (1)
- Grain Boundary (1)
- Grain Boundary Corrosion (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain Boundary Segregation (1)
- Grain Boundary Spinodal (1)
- Grain boundary oxidation (1)
- Grain boundary phase diagram (1)
- Grain boundary precipitates (1)
- Grain boundary structure (1)
- Grain boundary thermodynamics (1)
- Grain growth (1)
- Grain structure (1)
- Granulometrie (1)
- Graphic design (1)
- Growth kinetics (1)
- Growth rate (1)
- Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus (1)
- Grünfolieneigenschaften (1)
- HCF (1)
- HDPE Soprption (1)
- HDPE Sorption (1)
- HEA (1)
- HV-Insulation (1)
- Hardness test (1)
- Hartbearbeitung (1)
- Hausner ratio (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat Treatments (1)
- Heat accumulation (1)
- Heat-resistant nickel alloys (1)
- Heißgaskorrosion (1)
- Hertzian cracks (1)
- Hierarchical microstructure (1)
- Hierarchical microstructure Premartensite (1)
- Hierarchical porosities (1)
- High - temperature (1)
- High - temperature corrosion (1)
- High Voltage Insulation (1)
- High alloyed steels (1)
- High cycle fatigue (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High entropy superalloys (1)
- High interstitial austenitic steel (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High temperature nickel-based eutectic alloys (1)
- High temperature oxidation (1)
- High temperatures (1)
- High-Entropy Alloys (1)
- High-Entropy Materials (1)
- High-Temperature Corrosion (1)
- High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) (1)
- High-temperature oxidation (1)
- High-voltage testing (1)
- High‐temperature corrosion (1)
- Hipims (1)
- Hochentropielegierungen (1)
- Hochleistungskeramik (1)
- Hochspannungsprüfung (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Hot Press (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (1)
- Hot stage microscopy (1)
- Hybrid Manufacturing (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen diffusivity (1)
- Hydrogen permeability (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen sensor (1)
- Hydrogen sensors (1)
- Hydrothermal Ageging (1)
- Hydrous glass (1)
- Hygrothermal (1)
- IASCC (1)
- IN738LC (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impact damage (1)
- Impact wear (1)
- Implant failures (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ diffraction (1)
- In situ thermal-annealing experiment (1)
- In-Situ Testing (1)
- In-situ ED-XRD (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-situ SEM micro shear deformation (1)
- In-situ composites (1)
- In-situ process monitoring (1)
- In-situ tomography (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- In718 (1)
- Incipient plasticity (1)
- Inclusion cluster (1)
- Inclusion size (1)
- Inconel 686 coating (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indentation (1)
- Indentation fracture toughness (1)
- Indentation hardness (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Informationstechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Inkjet (1)
- Inter layer time (1)
- Interdiffusion (1)
- Interface Strength (1)
- Interfacial Spinodal (1)
- Interfacial Strength (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial free energy (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Intermediate scale (1)
- Intermetallic (1)
- Intermetallische FeAl-Legierungen (1)
- Intermittent microplasticity (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- Internal Sulfidation (1)
- Internal Surfaces (1)
- Internal oxidation (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Intrinsic stress (1)
- Invar (1)
- Inverse ostwald ripening (1)
- Inverted classroom (1)
- Investment casting (1)
- Ion beam erosion Sectioning (1)
- Ionic porosity (1)
- Iron meteorite (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isostatic hot pressing (HIP) (1)
- JMAK model (1)
- Joints/joining (1)
- KCl (1)
- KI (1)
- Kalzinierung (1)
- Kennwertermittlung (1)
- Keramikfeder (1)
- Keramische Folien (1)
- Keywords: Poly(ether ether ketone) (1)
- Kikuchi bands (1)
- Klebung (1)
- Knowledge Graphs (1)
- Knowledge graph (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Komponentenprüfung (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriechversuche (1)
- Kristallisation (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kunststoffe (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Kurzfaser-verstärkte Thermoplaste (1)
- Kurzzeitfestigkeit (1)
- L-PBF (1)
- L-PBF 316L (1)
- LMD (1)
- LPBF (1)
- LTCC multilayer (1)
- Laboratory X-ray diffraction (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Beam Melting (1)
- Laser Cladding (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) (1)
- Laser Powder Bed fusion (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (1)
- Laser induced slipcasting (1)
- Laser light scattering (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser-Pulverbettschmelzen (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Laserscanningmikroskopie (LSM) (1)
- Lattice distortion (1)
- Lattice distortions (1)
- Lattice parameter determination (1)
- Lattice rotation (1)
- Lattice structures (1)
- Lattices (1)
- Laves phase (1)
- Layer depostion (1)
- Layer system (1)
- Layered manganese oxide (1)
- Layering misalignment (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Lecture videos (1)
- Legierung mit komplexer Zusammensetzung (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Lifetime prediction (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Lindemann criterion (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Liquid Metal Embrittlement (1)
- Liquid metal embrittlement (1)
- Liquid phase sintering (1)
- Liquid-metal embrittlement (1)
- Lithium-ion batteries (1)
- Lithography-based technologies (1)
- Localized plasmons (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low carbon steel (1)
- Low expansion (1)
- Low strain (1)
- Low-Cycle-Fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue. (1)
- Low-cycle-fatigue behaviour (1)
- Low-loading (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lötverbindung (1)
- MEA (1)
- MGS-1 regolith simulant (1)
- MOF-74 (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magmatic and hydrothermal processes (1)
- Magnetic domain distribution (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetic shape memory (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetische Domänen (1)
- Magnetoelastic effect (1)
- Magnetoelastischer Effekt (1)
- Magnetomechanical effect (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Martensitic steel (1)
- Martensitic steels (1)
- Martensitic structure (1)
- Masterschädigungslinie (1)
- Mat-o-lab (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material failure (1)
- Material modeling (1)
- Material oxidation (1)
- MaterialDigital (1)
- Materialcharakterisierung (1)
- Materialentwicklung (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materialmodell (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials Testing (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Materials testing (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matrix residual stress (1)
- Mean atomic number (1)
- Mean-field modelling (1)
- Mechanical Behavior (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical and thermal testing (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanical deformation (1)
- Mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- Medium entopy alloy (1)
- Medium entropy alloys (1)
- Medium-entropy alloy (1)
- Mehrachsige Verformung (1)
- Mehrskalenmodell (1)
- Melting (1)
- Meta material (1)
- Metal Magnetic Memory (1)
- Metal additive manufacturing (1)
- Metal and alloys (1)
- Metal magnetic memory (1)
- Metal powder characterization (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metallic components (1)
- Metallic materials (1)
- Metallography (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Methodology (1)
- Metrology (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microplastic stress (1)
- Microsegregation (1)
- Microstructur (1)
- Microstructural changes of a Fe Si alloy (1)
- Microstructural evolution (1)
- Microstructural orientation (1)
- Microstructure Analysis (1)
- Microstructure Characterization (1)
- Microstructure Evolution (1)
- Microstructure characterisation (1)
- Microstructure design (1)
- Microstructure, γ/γ' misfit (1)
- Microstrucure reconstruction (1)
- Mid-Level Ontology for MSE (1)
- Mikro-Computertomographie (1)
- Mikrogravitation (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mikrostrukturuntersuchung (1)
- Milling (1)
- Mis-match (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Missing acknowledgment (1)
- Mixed conductors (1)
- Mixed-linkers (1)
- Mn-oxides (1)
- Mn3O4 (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Model (1)
- Model alloy (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molten salt (1)
- Moon (1)
- Mortel (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (1)
- Multiaxial stress state (1)
- Multilayer ceramic technology (1)
- Multilayer technology (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multiple cracks (1)
- NFDI-MatWerk (1)
- NGS (1)
- NMR (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano material (1)
- Nano-assemblies (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-composite (1)
- Nano-landscape (1)
- Nano-powder characterization (1)
- Nano-safety (1)
- Nano-scratch test (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanocrystalline alloys (1)
- Nanocrystalline structure (1)
- Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanomaterial screening (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanoribbons (1)
- Nanoscale multilayers (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Natural (1)
- Natural silver wires (1)
- Nb3Sn (1)
- Negative charged microparticle (1)
- Networking (1)
- New standards (1)
- NiMaGa (1)
- NiTi (1)
- Nickel based coatings (1)
- Nickel-base superalloy (1)
- Nimonic 75 (1)
- Niobium alloying (1)
- Nitride (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (1)
- Non-desired foaming (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-metallic inclusions (1)
- Non-serrated inhomogeneous flow (1)
- Nondestructive testing (1)
- Notch (1)
- Nucleation (1)
- Nucleation mode (1)
- Nucleation tendency (1)
- Number density (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- Nydrogen melting (1)
- OECD TG (1)
- Oberflächenaktive wässrige Medien (1)
- Online Process Monitoring (1)
- Online quality control (1)
- Online teaching (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Ooxidation (1)
- Optic (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Optical backscatter reflectometry (1)
- Optical centrifugation (1)
- Optical criterion (1)
- Optical criterion of brittleness (1)
- Optical fibre (1)
- Ordering (1)
- Orientation precision (1)
- Orientation relationship (1)
- Orientation-dependent microstructure (1)
- Oriented surface crystallization (1)
- Orowan Mechanism (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxidation protection (1)
- Oxide (1)
- Oxide glass (1)
- Oxide scale (1)
- Oxides (1)
- Oxyfuel (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- PA6.6 (1)
- PE-HD Sorption (1)
- PPA (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Parabolic flight (1)
- Particle size determination (1)
- Partikelgröße (1)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (1)
- Patent (1)
- Peem (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permittivity reduction (1)
- Phase Diagram (1)
- Phase Diagrams (1)
- Phase Separation (1)
- Phase analysis (1)
- Phase change material (1)
- Phase field crystal (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase field model (1)
- Phase field simulation (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase-Field Simulation (1)
- Phase-field Simulation (1)
- Phase-field model (1)
- Phase-field modelling (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Physical aging (1)
- Physical properties (1)
- Physics-informed Neural Network (1)
- Phytolith (1)
- Pitting corrosion (1)
- Plasma nanocoatings (1)
- Plasma spray (1)
- Platform Material Digital (1)
- Platform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) (1)
- Platinum-group-metals (1)
- Plattform Material Digital (1)
- Plattform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Pole figures (1)
- Polymer Matrix Composite (1)
- Polymer analysis/characterization (1)
- Polymer composite (1)
- Polymer-Ceramic-Composite (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymer-matrix composites (PMC) (1)
- Polymeric Materials (1)
- Polymer–matrix composites (1)
- Polyolefins (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Pore (1)
- Porosification (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Powder bed additive manufacturing (1)
- Powder bed density (1)
- Powder deposition (1)
- Powder diffraction (1)
- Powder flow (1)
- Powder processing (1)
- Powder rheology (1)
- Powder-based processes (1)
- Power law (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Precipitation hardening (1)
- Preparation (1)
- Pressure-assisted sintering (1)
- Preventive strategies (1)
- Principal stress (1)
- Principal stress components (1)
- Printing (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Process (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process development (1)
- Processing window (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Projection center (1)
- Projekt AGIL - Alterung additiv gefertigter metallischer Materialien und Komponenten (1)
- Properties (1)
- Property simulation (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Pull-out (1)
- Pull-out composite materials (1)
- Pultruded fiber rods (1)
- Pycnometry (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quantitative Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Radii distribution (1)
- Rafting (1)
- Reaction Sintering (1)
- Reaction-sintering (1)
- Real-time deformation (1)
- Reference Data (1)
- Reference Dataset (1)
- Reference material BCR-425 (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Referenzorganismus (1)
- Referenzverfahren (1)
- Refractory alloy (1)
- Refractory chemically complex alloy (1)
- Refractory chemically complex alloys (1)
- Refractory superalloys (1)
- Regelwerke (1)
- Regolith (1)
- Reheating (1)
- Rejuvenation (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Relaxation metallic glasses (1)
- Relaxation tests (1)
- Relaxationsphänomene (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Renewable ernergy (1)
- Repair patch (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Residual strains (1)
- Residual stress analysis (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance spot welding (1)
- Resistance stress (1)
- Resonance testing (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Risse (1)
- Rissform (1)
- Rissfortschritt (1)
- Rissverlauf (1)
- Robot-assisted galss melting (1)
- Rohrprobekörper (1)
- SDC (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEN-Probe (1)
- SHM (1)
- SO2 (1)
- STEM (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sailplane Development Panel (1)
- Sall-angle scattering (1)
- Salt eutectics (1)
- Salt melt (1)
- Samarium doped ceria (1)
- Sample holder (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scaffold geometry (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Scale-dependent behavior (1)
- Scan strategies (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) (1)
- Scanning electron microscope (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scarf repairs (1)
- Scavenging effect of iron (1)
- Schadenskunde (1)
- Schlickerdeposition (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Schwerelosigkeit (1)
- Schwingbrüche (1)
- Scratches (1)
- Screen printing (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Segregation (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Segregation engineering (1)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (1)
- Self-Assembly (1)
- Self-organization (1)
- Semantic Data Integration (1)
- Semantic Interioerability (1)
- Semantic Web technologies (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semiconductor materials (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Serial sectioning (1)
- Serienschnitte (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape memory alloys (1)
- Shear (1)
- Shear strain (1)
- Shear testing (1)
- Shear thinning (1)
- Shear-band structure (1)
- Short range order (1)
- Short-beam strength (1)
- Silicate glass (1)
- Silicatglas (1)
- Silicoborate glasses (1)
- Silicon release (1)
- Silikatkeramik (1)
- Simulationsgestützte Gießkonzepte (1)
- Single crystal Ni-Base superalloys (1)
- Single crystal superalloys (1)
- Single-crystal (1)
- Sinter retardation (1)
- Sintering additive (1)
- Sintermechanismen (1)
- Sintern (1)
- Sintertemperatur (1)
- Sinterung (1)
- Sinus floor augmentation (1)
- Size (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size effect (1)
- Sliding simulation (1)
- Slip localization (1)
- Slow Crack Growth (SCG) (1)
- Slurry optimization (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle scattering (1)
- Small-scale (1)
- Smart materials (1)
- Smectite (1)
- Soda lime silicate glass (1)
- Soda-lime-silica (1)
- Sodium ion batteries (1)
- Sodiumborosilicate glasses (1)
- Softening temperature (1)
- Solid solution strengthening (1)
- Solid-State-Synthesis (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Space (1)
- Space exploration (1)
- Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten (1)
- Spar cap design (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Specimen geometry (1)
- Spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- Spinodal Decomposition (1)
- Spinodal decomposition (1)
- Split Hopkinson bar (1)
- Split-vacancy defect complexes (1)
- Spring constant (1)
- Stable crack growth (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Stanzen (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Steam oxidation resistance (1)
- Steel alloy (1)
- Strain (1)
- Strain difference (1)
- Strain energy (1)
- Strain rate dependence (1)
- Strength (1)
- Stress distribution (1)
- Stress intensity (1)
- Stress-corrosion (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Stress-strain-behavior (1)
- Structural defects (1)
- Structural dynamics (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Structural health monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structured Data (1)
- Subcritical crack growth (1)
- Superaustenite steel (1)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO 2 (1)
- Superlegierungen (1)
- Supersaturation (1)
- Support configurations (1)
- Surface Nucleation (1)
- Surface elasticity (1)
- Surface nucleation (1)
- Surface roughness (1)
- Surface stress (1)
- Surface treatments (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Swept wavelength interferometry (1)
- Swept wavelength interferometry (SWI) (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron micro-tomography (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synchrotron radiations (1)
- Synchrotron tomography (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Systematische Schadensanalysen, Prozeduren (1)
- T1 precipitate (1)
- TED-GC-MS (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TMF experiments (1)
- Technical Ceramics (1)
- Technische Keramik (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Temperature driven process (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation (1)
- Test Improvement (1)
- Tetragonal distortion (1)
- Tetragonality (1)
- Texturation (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal cycling (1)
- Thermal desorption mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal energy storage (1)
- Thermal stress (1)
- Thermo mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermo-optical measurement (1)
- Thermoanalytical Methods (1)
- Thermobimetal (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermoelectric generator design (1)
- Thermoelectric oxides (1)
- Thermoelektrika (1)
- Thermoelektrischer Generator (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) (1)
- Thermomechanische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thermoplastic (1)
- Thermoplastic prepreg (1)
- Thermoset composition (1)
- Thermoset polymers (1)
- Thesaurus (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Thin films (1)
- Thin tribofilm (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- Three-dimensional Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Three-dimensional tomographies (1)
- Time-offlight Diffraction (TOFD) (1)
- Tools (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Toughness (1)
- Transformer (1)
- Transmission Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Transparency (1)
- Transparent ceramic (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Tribology (1)
- Tricalcium Phosphate (1)
- Triply Periodical Minimal Surface (1)
- Tungsten carbide (1)
- Tungsten-Rhenium (1)
- Turbine disk (1)
- Twinning (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon polymerization (1)
- Two-photon-polymerization (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Ultrasonic assited machining (1)
- Umgebungsbedingter Spannungsriss (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Unidirectional composites (1)
- Unlegierter Baustahl (1)
- VM12 SHC (1)
- Vacancies (1)
- Vacuum hot extraction (1)
- Verbundwerkstoff (1)
- Verbundwerkstoffe (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Versetzungsstrukturen (1)
- Very high cycle fatigue (1)
- Vickers Hardness (1)
- Virtueller Materialdatenraum (1)
- Viscoelastic model (1)
- Visual ontology development (1)
- Vivianite (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volatiles from thermosets (1)
- Volume changes (1)
- Volume fraction (1)
- WAXS (1)
- Water (1)
- Water Diffusion (1)
- Water droplet erosion resistance (1)
- Water in glass (1)
- Welding processing influences (1)
- Werkstoffauswahl (1)
- Werkstoffdaten (1)
- Werkstoffkennwerte (1)
- Werkstoffmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Wet chemical etching (1)
- Wet dispersion (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- Withstand voltage tests (1)
- Work of adhesion (1)
- Workshop (1)
- X-ray Diffraction (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- X-ray diffraction analysis (1)
- X-ray refractography (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- X-ray-diffraction (1)
- XPCS (1)
- XRM (1)
- Young`s modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Young’s Modulus (1)
- Yttria stabilized zirconia (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- ZfP (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zirconia-toughened alumina (1)
- ZnO (1)
- Zug-Druck-Schubprüfung (1)
- Zugversuchsontologie (1)
- Zyklische Belastung (1)
- Zyklische R-Kurve (1)
- alumina (1)
- arbidic austempered ductile iron (1)
- arbon capture (1)
- bioactive (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- bone (1)
- carbon steel (1)
- ceramic (1)
- ceramics (1)
- condensate (1)
- dental (1)
- dispersion (1)
- electrochemical characterization (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- high pressure (1)
- impurities (1)
- in-situ synthesis (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- laser cladding (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- microstructure analysis (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- negative crystal growth (1)
- oxidation (1)
- particle size determination (1)
- phosphate glasses (1)
- pitting corrosion (1)
- sample preparation (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- selective laser melting (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- thermomechanische Beanspruchung (1)
- utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- volume resistivity (1)
- water speciation (1)
- Überblick (1)
- γ- и γ'-фазы, период кристаллической решетки (1)
- γ/γ' matrix (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
- высокие температуры (1)
- жаропрочные нике- левые сплавы (1)
- монокристалл (1)
- рентгеноструктурный анализ (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (912) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (11)
We report on the mechanical properties of Cu–Nb alloys produced by combinatorial magnetron sputtering.
Depending on the composition, the microstructure is either fully amorphous (~30–65 at.% Cu), a dispersion of Cu crystallites in an amorphous matrix (~70 at.%), or a dominant crystalline phase with separated nanoscale amorphous zones (~80 at.% Cu). Nanomechanical probing of the different microstructures reveals that the hardness of the fully amorphous alloy is much higher than a rule of mixture would predict. We further demonstrate a remarkable tunability of the resistance to plastic flow, ranging from ca. 9 GPa in the amorphous regime to ca. 2 GPa in the fully crystalline regime. We rationalize these findings based on fundamental structural considerations, thereby highlighting the vast structure-property design space that this otherwise immiscible binary alloy provides.
Iron aluminides depict a sustainable and light-weight material class which could be employed in many applications requiring high strength at intermediate to high temperatures. According to first results, the alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B surpasses conventional materials in wet corrosion resistance and creep resistance up to 650 °C. For these reasons, the AiF research project “WAFEAL – Materials applications for iron aluminides” was initiated to transfer these findings into a standardised materials dataset and to derive best practices for processing. In the first place, a set of different microstructures adjusted by varying casting methods, wall thicknesses and heat treatments was investigated and correlated with hardness on macro and micro scale. Correlations were drawn between solidification rates and resulting grain sizes and hardness. The effect of vacancy hardening was only verified for wall thickness as low as 2.5 mm. Moreover, a common decrease of macrohardness after a heat treatment at 1000 °C for 100 h was observed irrespective of casting process or wall thickness. This effect was linked with an unexpected decrease of the complex boride phase fraction which acts as a hardening phase.
Due to the increasing scarcity of critical raw materials current high-temperature materials are sought to be replaced by alloys based on more abundant metals. One possibility within the class of intermetallics are iron aluminides, which combine sustainability and cost-efficiency with the prospect of mass savings. Iron aluminides show competitive specific strength up to 700 °C and excellent creep and wet corrosion resistance by small additions of Mo, Ti and B. Nevertheless, a Mo content of above 2 at.% which is needed for optimum corrosion resistance results in enhanced brittleness, especially at room temperature. This is why alloys with these Mo fractions were only mechanically tested under compressive loading so far. Still, testing of static and creep properties under tensile loading is required for reliable component design. Besides high standards for crack-free processing, data acquisition for tensile loads is especially complicated by environmental embrittling effects for iron aluminides. To cope with these challenges, the AiF research project “WAFEAL – Materials applications for iron aluminides” was initiated. The main goal is to collect standardised data on ambient and high-temperature tensile properties and creep properties. Samples with a nominal composition of Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B [at.%] were manufactured via centrifugal casting in ceramic shell moulds followed by machining. Heat treatment for homogenisation and final polishing were carried out where appropriate. A summary of the achieved tensile and creep properties such as yield and tensile strength, maximum elongation, secondary creep rate and stress exponents will be given. Results will be also discussed regarding the influence of temperature, stress level and microstructure on the damage mechanisms. Furthermore, the effect of different alloy concentrations on the mechanical response at different temperatures will be outlined within a small experimental series.
With an increasing demand in more efficient fuel consumption to reduce CO2 emissions, weight reductions in high-temperature materials at affordable costs gain increasing attention. One potential candidate is the intermetallic material class of iron aluminides, combining the advantages in mass savings, high temperature performance and recyclability of resources. The alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B was selected to study the microstructural features evolving from two casting processes, five wall thicknesses and three final conditions. Conclusions are drawn upon the correlations of processing variables, grain sizes and hardness.
Iron aluminides, already reported in the late 19th century, did not cease to attract the interest of scientists and engineers ever since. Besides good oxidation resistance, low density and resource availability, potentials for hightemperature strengths that compete with high-alloy steels were unlocked by low alloy contents. Still, research on alloy design continues, as alloying usually comes at the price of brittleness in low-temperature regimes. A potential candidate is the quinary Fe–Al–Mo–Ti–B system which is strengthened by solid solution and eutectic borides. It was shown to have good strength and outstanding creep resistance under compressive loading up to elevated temperatures. Although the individual effect of alloy additions is well understood in iron aluminides, little is known about the combined effects of alloying concentrations on microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties. Therefore a systematic study of two Ti-doped near-Fe3Al alloys with varying contents of Mo (2–4 at.%) and B (0.5–1 at.%) was conducted. In total eight different alloys were fabricated by investment casting into ceramic shell molds. Alloys were characterized and compared by grain size, phase transitions, microstructure evolution as well as elemental compositions and volume fractions of phases. For mechanical characterization, macrohardness and microhardness tests as well as tensile tests at ambient and high tempera tures were conducted. Independent of alloy additions, alloys with 24–25 at.% Al exhibit superior proof strength due to a higher matrix hardness. Decreasing B content generally decreases strength by lower secondary phase fractions which contribute via particle hardening. Reducing Mo content decreases both the solute concentration in the matrix and secondary phase fractions. Surprisingly, strength is similar or even superior to alloys with higher Mo content. Strength relations are discussed with a focus on solid-solution hardening theory and other competing strengthening mechanisms.
The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project.
Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation-based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application.
The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project.
Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application.
Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements
(2020)
In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles.
The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum.
1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties.
2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM.
3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy.
As an alternative shaping method to the traditionally used processes, additive manufacturing (AM) can produce economical ceramic components in small lot sizes and/or with complex geometries. Powder-based additive manufacturing processes like binder jetting are popular in the field of metal AM. One reason is the increased productivity compared to other AM technologies. For ceramic materials, powder-based AM technologies result in porous ceramic parts, provided they are not infiltrated. CerAMing GmbH unites the advantages of powder-based processes with the production of dense ceramic by means of the Layerwise Slurry Deposition. By using a suspension, a high packing density of the powder bed is achieved which leads to high green body densities. Due to this advantage the approach overcomes the problems of other powder-based AM technologies. Furthermore, a very economical debinding time allows the production of parts with high wall thicknesses.
Ni-base superalloy single crystals have been used in turbine blades for hot sections of gas turbines for over four decades. In order to increase the efficiency of the turbines, a continuous increase in the inlet temperature of combustion gases into the turbine has driven the design of turbine blades to complicated shapes and the presence of a complex pattern of cooling channels. These three-dimensional shapes, together with the inhomogeneous distribution of stresses along the blade, induce an also complicated triaxial stress state, which does not compare to uniaxial tests that are performed to characterize high temperature properties such as creep. A round notch on a test piece represents a simple configuration that generates a quasi-isostatic stress state across the notch. In the present contribution, the effect of a sharp round notch on the microstructural micromechanisms within the notched region cylindrical bars, loaded along [001] at 1020 °C and 160 MPa net stress, is studied. To this end, a series of interrupted creep tests is conducted on plain and notched bars and the microstructure is compared. Results are discussed in terms of degree microstructural coarsening, and dislocation activity. The effect of notch generation via grinding is also discussed in these terms. The presence of carbides evolving in from residual carbon is also shown and discussed. .Funding by the German Research Association (DFG) [grant number AG 191/1] is acknowledge
Unlike conventional alloys, which typically consist of one main element, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) contain five or more principal elements, which broaden chemical complexity and with it a realm of synergistic mechanisms. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr HEA initiated a subclass of Al-containing refractory (r)HEAs that has recently drawn attention [2]. The alloy has a superalloy-resembling B2/bcc nanostructure, which inspired its name refractory high entropy superalloy (RSA). With high-temperature (HT) compressive strengths beyond conventional Ni-based superalloys, this nanostructure could be used for improved HT structural applications. However, in the application-relevant HT regime the Al-Zr-rich B2 phase decomposes to form a hexagonal Al-Zr-based intermetallic (Al4-xZr5; x: 0..1) [3,4]. This work explores the fascinating yet fatal micromechanisms associated to this phase transformation, in the context of creep, annealing and oxidation experiments performed between 800 and 1200 °C.
The material was produced by arc-melting and heat treatment in argon, which lead to grain boundaries decorated with up to 7%. Interrupted constant-load creep tests were performed under vacuum (at 10-4 Pa), at 900–1100 °C with external tensile stresses of 30–120 MPa. Oxidation experiments were separately conducted for 24 hours at 800 and 1000 °C in both dry (21% O2 + 79% N2) and humid (8% O2 + 74% N2 + 18% H2O) air. After the experiments, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal degradation mechanisms. Crystallographic texture, orientation relationships and stabilization of an oxygen-containing iso structure (Al4-xZr5(Ox-y); y: 0..x) of the Al-Zr-rich intermetallic are found and discussed.
The field of materials science is defined as “the study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties are determined by a material’s composition and structure.”. Many –if not most– of the materials that are produced nowadays owe their properties to structures engineered down to the nanoscopic level. This need has been partly realized thanks to the understanding of materials’ building blocks via characterization techniques that reach this level of resolution. Transmission electron microscopy, since its first implementation in the early 1930s (in Berlin), has been implemented to achieve imaging –and spectral– analysis at lateral resolutions down to the atomic level.
In this contribution, a series of practical examples will be presented, where applied materials are characterized by a range of transmission electron microscopy techniques to understand structural and functional properties of a wide range of materials. Among these materials examples will be presented on structural conventionally and additively manufactured metallic alloys, high entropy alloys, dissimilar aluminum-to-steel welds, magnetic nanoparticles, ceramic coatings, high temperature oxidation products. Addressed will be either the effect of processing route or that of the exposure to experimental conditions similar to those found in the respective intended applications.
Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic alloys has gained momentum in the past decade for industrial applications. The microstructures of AM metallic alloys are complex and hierarchical from the macroscopic to the nanometer scale. When using laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process, two main microstructural features emerge at the nanoscale: the melt pool boundaries (MPB) and the solidification cellular substructure.
Here, details of the MPB are revealed to clearly show the three-dimensional nature of MPBs with changes of cell growth of direction and their relation to their surrounding cellular substructure, as investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for L-PBF 316L austenitic stainless steel (cf. Figure 1). A hitherto unknown modulated substructure with a period of 21 nm is further discovered within cells as the result of a partial Ga+-focused ion beam-induced ferritic transformation of the austenite. Cell cores and cell boundaries differ notably regarding the modulated substructure.
The embrittlement of metallic alloys by liquid metals leads to catastrophic material failure and severely impacts their structural integrity. The weakening of grain boundaries by the ingress of liquid metal and preceding segregation in the solid are thought to promote early fracture. However, the potential of balancing between the segregation of cohesion-enhancing interstitial solutes and embrittling elements inducing grain boundary decohesion is not understood. Here, we unveil the mechanisms of how boron segregation mitigates the detrimental effects of the prime embrittler, zinc, in a Σ5 [0 0 1] tilt grain boundary in α −Fe (4 at.% Al). Zinc forms nanoscale segregation patterns inducing structurally and compositionally complex grain boundary states. Ab-initio simulations reveal that boron hinders zinc segregation and compensates for the zinc induced loss in grain boundary cohesion. Our work sheds new light on how interstitial solutes intimately modify grain boundaries, thereby opening pathways to use them as dopants for preventing disastrous material failure.
The crystallization behavior of sodium ion conductive Na2MnP2O7 glass was examined to clarify the crystallization mechanism. The formation of thermodynamically metastable phase, layered Na2MnP2O7, at the surface of the glass occurred. Heat treatment at 430 °C for 3 h lead to surface crystals of Na2MnP2O7 oriented with the (101) direction perpendicular to the sample surface. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the glass-ceramic samples deformed, and the presence numerous micro bubbles due to dissolved water was detected.
Das langsame Risswachstum (slow crack growth, SCG) sowie der umgebungsbedingte Spannungsriss (environmental stress cracking, ESC) sind relevante Schädigungsmechanismen für teilkristalline Werkstoffe auf Basis von Polyethylen hoher Dichte (PE-HD).
Der Vortrag gibt einerseits einen Überblick über die grundlegenden Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen in diesem Kontext, andererseits werden auch verschiedene praxisorientierte Prüfverfahren vorgestellt. Letztere wurden in gemeinsamen Forschungsprojekten von BAM und LBF mit dem Schwerpunkt Gefahrgutbehälter bzw. Pflanzenschutzmittel vergleichend untersucht und durch weitergehende Analytik ergänzt.
The project ProMoAM is presented. The goal of the project is to evaluate which NDT techniques or combination of techniques is suited for in-situ quality assurance in additive manufacturing of metals. To this end, also 3d-data fusion and visualization techniques are applied. Additional ex-situ NDT-techniques are used as references for defect detection and quantification. Feasability studies for NDT-techniques that are presently not applicable for in-situ use are performed as well.
The presentation gives a brief overview of the whole project and the different involved NDT-techniques.
The unusual behavior observed in the coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat capacity of CrFeNi, CoCrNi, and CoCrFeNi medium/high-entropy alloys is commonly referred to as the K-state effect. It is shown to be independent of the Curie temperature, as demonstrated by temperature-dependent magnetic moment measurements. CoCrFeNi alloy is chosen for detailed characterization; potential reasons for the K-state effect such as texture, recrystallization, and second-phase precipitation are ruled out. An examination of the electronic structure indicates the formation of a pseudo-gap in the Density of States, which suggests a specific chemical interaction between Ni and Cr atoms upon alloying. Hybrid Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamic (MC/MD) simulations indicate the presence of non-negligible chemical short-range order (CSRO). Local lattice distortions are shown to be negligible, although deviations around Cr and Ni elements from those expected in a fully disordered structure are experimentally observed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The determined bonding distances are in good agreement with MC/MD calculations. A mechanism is proposed to explain the anomalies and calorimetric experiments and their results are used to validate the mechanism.
The suitability of an Al2O3 coating for corrosion protection on X20Cr13 was evaluated in various artificial geothermal brines, focusing on the influence of different pH (4, 6 and 8) and their chemical compositions on the coating properties. All experiments were performed in the laboratory using autoclaves at 150 ◦C and 1 MPa in deaerated condition for 1 and 7 days. Results showed that the pH of geothermal waters is the most detrimental factor in the transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 and its protective abilities. Delaminations were found in the Coating exposed to geothermal brines with pH 4. FTIR spectra indicated a transformation of ɣ-Al2O3 to boehmite AlOOH after exposure to pH 4 and 6, and bayerite Al(OH)3 was formed after exposure to pH 8. Different Crystal structures of the hydrated Al2O3 also contribute to the stability of the coatings, observed by the SEM- EDX of the surface and cross-section of coatings. This study indicated that ɣ-Al2O3 sol-gel coating presents a promising aspect of corrosion protection in geothermal environment with a neutral pH.
Geothermal energy is one of the most promising energy resources to replace fossil fuel. To extract this energy, hot fluids of various salts and gases are pumped up from a geothermal well having a certain depth and location. Geothermal wells in volcanic regions often contain highly corrosive CO2 and H2S gases that can be corrosive to the geothermal power-plants, which are commonly constructed of different steels, such as carbon steel. This research focuses on the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel exposed to an artificial geothermal fluid containing CO2 gas, using an artificial acidic-saline geothermal brine as found in Sibayak, Indonesia. This medium has a pH of 4 and a chloride content of 1,500 mg/L. Exposure tests were conducted for seven days at 70 °C and 150 °C to simulate the operating temperatures for low and medium enthalpy geothermal sources. Surface morphology and cross-section of the specimens from the above experiments were analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Electrochemical tests via open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to understand the corrosion processes of carbon steel in CO2-containing solution both at 70 °C and 150 °C. Localized corrosion was observed to a greater extent at 70 °C due to the less protectiveness of corrosion product layer compared to that at 150 °C, where FeCO3 has a high corrosion resistance. However, a longer exposure test for 28 days revealed the occurrence of localized corrosion with deeper pits compared to the seven-day exposed carbon steel. In addition, corrosion product transformation was observed after 28 days, indicating that more Ca2+ cations incorporate into the FeCO3 structure.
Electrochemical deposition of polyaniline on carbon steel for corrosion study in geothermal solution
(2019)
Polyaniline has been widely developed for many applications, e.g. sensor, supercapacitor components, electrochromic devices, and anticorrosion pigments. Although the addition of polyaniline pigment in organic coatings has been an alternative for corrosion protection in industrial applications, the protection mechanism is still not fully understood. Herein in this study, as a part of the development of polyaniline/silicon dioxide coating for geothermal application, polyaniline has been deposited electrochemically on carbon steel surface in oxalic acid medium and tested in geothermal solution to understand the contribution of polyaniline to the corrosion protection of a polyaniline-based composite in the geothermal system. To observe the surface/interface reaction between the electrolyte and electrode surface during the electrochemical polymerization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied after each cycle. For corrosion study in the geothermal application, an artificial geothermal solution was used with the composition of 1,500 mg/l Cl⁻, 20 mg/l SO₄²⁻, 15 mg/l HCO₃⁻, 200 mg/l Ca²⁺, 250 mg/l K⁺, and 600 mg/l Na⁺, and pH 4 to simulate a geothermal brine found in Sibayak, Indonesia. An electrochemical measurement was performed by monitoring the open circuit potential over seven days, with the interruption by EIS every 22 hours. The experiments were performed at room temperature and 150 °C (1 MPa) in an oxygen-free environment. Impedance spectra showed a reduction of the total impedance value of approximately 10 times for specimens measured at 150 °C compared to the specimens measured at room temperature, suggesting a less stable layer at high temperature.
Study of Polyaniline/Silicon Dioxide based Coating on Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine
(2021)
Geothermal brines are corrosive in nature because of their salt contents and high temperatures. Therefore, they pose a major challenge to geothermal power-plants, which are mostly built of low alloyed steels, e.g., carbon steel. Carbon steel is susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion when exposed to geothermal brines having acidic-saline properties. To overcome this limitation, geothermal power plants should be built by either high alloyed materials or by integrating protection systems on carbon steel, such as coatings and inhibitors. We studied a coating system containing polyaniline/silicon dioxide basing on locally available resources that provides protection against corrosion of carbon steel and enhance the thermal resistance in geothermal environments. Here, exposure and electrochemical tests of coated carbon steels were performed in an artificial geothermal brine. The solution had a pH of 4, with the composition of 1,500 mg/L of chlorides, which is based on the chemical analysis of geothermal brine found in Sibayak, Indonesia. All exposure tests were conducted using autoclaves at 150 °C with a total pressure of 1 MPa, which was performed for up to six months to evaluate the durability of the coating system. Post-experimental analyses were performed by assessing the surface of specimens using optical and electron microscopes. On the other hand, electrochemical tests were performed for seven days at 25 °C and 150 °C to investigate the kinetics of electrochemical reactions by measuring open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectra. Experimental results showed the corrosion resistance of PANI/SiO2 composite coatings, where polyaniline and SiO2 play their roles as stabilizers.
Al2O3 has been widely used as a coating in industrial applications due to its excellent chemical and thermal resistance. Considering high temperatures and aggressive mediums exist in geothermal systems, Al2O3 can be a potential coating candidate to protect steels in geothermal applications. In this study, γ-Al2O3 was used as a coating on martensitic steels by applying AlOOH sol followed by a heat treatment at 600 °C. To evaluate the coating application process, one-, two-, and three-layer coatings were tested in the artificial North German Basin (NGB), containing 166 g/L Cl−, at 150 °C and 1 MPa for 168 h. To reveal the stability of the Al2O3 coating in NGB solution, three-layer coatings were used in exposure tests for 24, 168, 672, and 1296 h, followed by surface and cross-section characterization. SEM images show that the Al2O3 coating was stable up to 1296 h of exposure, where the outer layer mostly transformed into boehmite AlOOH with needle-like crystals dominating the surface. Closer analysis of cross-sections showed that the interface between each layer was affected in long-term exposure tests, which caused local delamination after 168 h of exposure. In separate experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed at 150 °C to evaluate the changes of coatings within the first 24 h. Results showed that the most significant decrease in the impedance is within 6 h, which can be associated with the electrolyte penetration through the coating, followed by the formation of AlOOH. Here, results of both short-term EIS measurements (up to 24 h) and long-term exposure tests (up to 1296 h) are discussed.
Al2O3 coatings are often used as protective layers on steels against electrochemical and high-temperature corrosion because they are chemically inert and stable at elevated temperatures. This study presents preliminary work on the possibilities of using Al2O3 sol-gel coatings for corrosion protection of martensitic stainless steels in geothermal environments. Al2O3 sol-gel coatings were applied on UNS S42000, which is known to be susceptible to uniform and localized corrosion. The coated steel specimens were then tested in two types of artificial geothermal water, which simulate the geothermal fluids found in Sibayak (SBY), Indonesia, and North German Basin (NGB), Germany, respectively. SBY has pH 4 and 1.5 g/L of chloride ions, whereas NGB has a pH of 6 and 166 g/L of chloride ions. All experiments were carried out in autoclaves at 150 °C and 1 MPa under the deaerated condition. Evaluations were performed by investigating the surface profiles of both uncoated and coated steels before and after the corrosion test using a Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Finally, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to compare the corrosion resistance of Al2O3 coated steels in SBY and NGB solutions. It was observed from the corrosion test that Al2O3 coatings are more suitable for use in the geothermal water with a higher pH.
This contribution presents the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of an austenitic 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion featuring a low defect population, which allows for an improved understanding of the role of other typical aspects of a PBF‑LB microstructure. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature and 600 °C. A hot‑rolled 316L variant was tested as a reference. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, a Coffin‑Manson‑Basquin fitting, and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, optical and electron microscopy. The PBF‑LB/M/316L exhibits lower fatigue lives at lower strain amplitudes. The crack propagation is mainly transgranular. The solidification cellular structure seems to be the most relevant underlying microstructural feature determining the cyclic deformation behavior.
Die Untersuchung und Charakterisierung der Entwicklung/Änderung der Mikrostruktur, der mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie der Lebensdauer additiv gefertigter metallischer Werkstoffe hat bisher, vor allem im Hinblick auf die komplexe Belastungsfälle bei sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen, mit der rasanten Entwicklung der Fertigungstechniken nicht Schritt gehalten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Charakterisierung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von additiv gefertigten TiAl6V4 im Low-Cycle-Fatigue Bereich (niederzyklische Ermüdung) nach Norm ISO 12206 mit Dehnungsamplituden von 0.3 bis zu 1.0 % und bei Raumtemperatur, 250°C und 400°C durchgeführt. Die TiAl6V4 Proben wurden aus zylindrischen Halbzeugen gefertigt, welche durch Laser-Pulver-Auftragsschweißen mit einer optimierten Aufbaustrategie hergestellt wurden. Die optimierte Aufbaustrategie beinhaltet variierende Spurüberlappungsgraden, die die Fertigung der dünnen zylindrischen Körper ohne weitere Ausgleichslagen ermöglicht. Das Werkstoffverhalten wird anhand von Wechselverformungskurven sowie einer Darstellung der Lebensdauer in einem Wöhler-Diagramm beschrieben. Ein Fitting der Lebensdauer-Daten erfolgt anhand der Manson-Coffin-Basquin Beziehung. Eine Eingangscharakterisierung der mikrostrukturellen Merkmale inklusive Bindefehler aus dem Herstellungsprozess wird durch Lichtmikroskopie und hochauflösende Computertomographie (CT) durchgeführt. Der Versagensmechanismus während der Belastung wird anhand von Zwischenuntersuchungen mit CT und einem unterbrochenen Versuch mit ausgewählten Versuchsparametern beschrieben. Nach dem Versagen wurden die Proben am REM, mit Lichtmikroskopie und mit CT fraktographisch in Längs- und Querrichtung untersucht. Die erfassten Lebensdauern sind ähnlich zu denen aus herkömmlichen Studien und liegen unter derjenigen von dem konventionell hergestellten (geschmiedeten) Werkstoff. In dieser Arbeit wurden für den untersuchten Werkstoff bei anwendungs- und sicherheitsrelevanten Belastungszuständen (hohe Temperaturen, zyklische Plastizität) neue experimentelle Daten und Kennwerte ermittelt und Verständnis über das mechanische Verhalten und die Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur aufgebaut. Darüber hinaus wurde Verständnis über die Rolle von Bindefehlern und anderen typisch für AM auftretenden Gefügemerkmalen auf das Versagensverhalten von DED-L TiAl6V4 gewonnen.
Despite of the significant advances in AM process optimization there is still a lack of experimental results and understanding regarding the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of AMparts, especially in loading conditions typical for safety-relevant applications e.g. in the aerospace or power engineering. Within the scope of the presented investigations, a characterization of the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V in the low cycle fatigue regime was carried out in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 % strain amplitude at room temperature, 250°C and 400°C. The Ti-6Al-4V specimens are machined out of lean cylindrical rods, which were fabricated using powder laser metal deposition (LMD) with an improved build-up strategy. The improved strategy incorporates variable track overlap ratios to achieve a constant growth in the shell and core area. The low-cycle-fatigue behavior is described based on cyclic deformation curves and strain-based fatigue life curves. The lifetimes are fitted based on the Manson-Coffin-Basquin relationship. A characterization of the microstructure and the Lack-of-Fusion (LoF)-defect-structure in the as-built state is performed using optical light microscopy and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) respectively. The failure mechanism under loading is described in terms of LoF-defects-evolution and crack growth mechanism based on an interrupted LCF test with selected test parameters. After failure, scanning electron microscopy, digital and optical light microscopy and CT are used to describe the failure mechanisms both in the longitudinal direction and in the cross section of the specimens. The fatigue lives obtained are comparable with results from previous related studies and are shorter than those of traditionally manufactured (wrought) Ti-6Al-4V. In this study new experimental data and understanding of the mechanical behavior under application-relevant loading conditions (high temperature, cyclic plasticity) is gained. Furthermore, a better understanding of the role of LoFdefects and AM-typical microstructural features on the failure mechanism of LMD Ti-6Al-4V is achieved.
Die Untersuchung und Charakterisierung der Entwicklung/Änderung der Mikrostruktur, der mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie der Lebensdauer additiv gefertigter metallischer Werkstoffe hat bisher, vor allem im Hinblick auf die komplexe Belastungsfälle bei sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen, mit der rasanten Entwicklung der Fertigungstechniken nicht Schritt gehalten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Charakterisierung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von additiv gefertigten TiAl6V4 im Low-Cycle-Fatigue Bereich (niederzyklische Ermüdung) nach Norm ISO 12206 mit Dehnungsamplituden von 0.3 bis zu 1.0 % und bei Raumtemperatur, 250°C und 400°C durchgeführt. Die TiAl6V4 Proben wurden aus zylindrischen Halbzeugen gefertigt, welche durch Laser-Pulver-Auftragsschweißen mit einer optimierten Aufbaustrategie hergestellt wurden. Die optimierte Aufbaustrategie beinhaltet variierende Spurüberlappungsgraden, die die Fertigung der dünnen zylindrischen Körper ohne weitere Ausgleichslagen ermöglicht. Das Werkstoffverhalten wird anhand von Wechselverformungskurven sowie einer Darstellung der Lebensdauer in einem Wöhler-Diagramm beschrieben. Ein Fitting der Lebensdauer-Daten erfolgt anhand der Manson-Coffin-Basquin Beziehung. Eine Eingangscharakterisierung der mikrostrukturellen Merkmale inklusive Bindefehler aus dem Herstellungsprozess wird durch Lichtmikroskopie und hochauflösende Computertomographie (CT) durchgeführt. Der Versagensmechanismus während der Belastung wird anhand von Zwischenuntersuchungen mit CT und einem unterbrochenen Versuch mit ausgewählten Versuchsparametern beschrieben. Nach dem Versagen wurden die Proben am REM, mit Lichtmikroskopie und mit CT fraktographisch in Längs- und Querrichtung untersucht. Die erfassten Lebensdauern sind ähnlich zu denen aus herkömmlichen Studien und liegen unter derjenigen von dem konventionell hergestellten (geschmiedeten) Werkstoff. In dieser Arbeit wurden für den untersuchten Werkstoff bei anwendungs- und sicherheitsrelevanten Belastungszuständen (hohe Temperaturen, zyklische Plastizität) neue experimentelle Daten und Kennwerte ermittelt und Verständnis über das mechanische Verhalten und die Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur aufgebaut. Darüber hinaus wurde Verständnis über die Rolle von Bindefehlern und anderen typisch für AM auftretenden Gefügemerkmalen auf das Versagensverhalten von DED-L TiAl6V4 gewonnen.
Despite of the significant advances in additive manufacturing (AM) process optimization there is still a lack of experimental results and understanding regarding the mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructural features of AM-parts, especially in loading conditions typical for safety-relevant applications. Within the scope of the presented ongoing investigations, a basic microstructural characterization, tensile tests at room and elevated temperature (400°C) as well as a characterization of the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V in the low cycle fatigue regime are carried out in the as-built state. After failure, different techniques are used to describe the failure mechanisms of the specimens. The AM-Specimens are provided by the Fraunhofer institute for production systems and design technology and investigated at the BAM following the philosophy of the TF-Project AGIL.
The interest in repair technologies for polymer composites has increased significantly over the last decades, due to the growing use of these materials in structural applications. In this study, poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was used as self-healing agent to glass fiber/epoxy composite. Materials with EMAA contents of 2 wt% and 5 wt% were manufactured using Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and the effects of the healing agent on the properties were investigated using tensile tests and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). Results show slight variation of properties, which was more pronounced as the content of EMAA increased. In addition, the healing efficiency was investigated through fatigue tests and the addition of higher content of EMAA increased the number of cycles to failure after the healing activation cycle.
Within the perspective of increasing reliability of AM processes, real-time monitoring allows part inspection while it is built and simultaneous defect detection. Further developments of real-time monitoring can also bring to self-regulating process controls. Key points to reach such a goal are the extensive research and knowledge of correlations between sensor signals and their causes in the process.
The flow behavior of powders has an essential role in many industrial processes, including powder bed additive manufacturing. The characterization of the flow behavior is challenging, as different methods are available, and their suitability for an application in additive manufacturing is still controversial. In this study, six standardized methods (measurement of bulk density by ISO 60 and by ASTM B329, angle of repose by ISO 4324, discharge time by ISO 6186 and by ASTM B964-16, and Hausner Ratio by ASTM 7481 – 18), the rotating drum method (by GranuDrum) and powder rheometry (Anton Paar powder cell), were applied to five size fractions of a crushed quartz sand powder and compared. A statistical approach is proposed and discussed to correlate the obtained flowability indexes with the packing density of powder beds deposited layer-by-layer, and these correlations are compared between methods. Overall, the measurement of bulk density by ASTM B329 that showed the best correlation with the powder bed density. Advanced methods such as the rotating drum method and powder rheometry did not demonstrate particularly good correlations, however they provided complementary information which can be useful to assess the dynamic behavior of powders.
Dissolved water has major impact on the physical and chemical properties of phosphate glasses. In the present study we have investigated the structural response to water incorporation for glasses in the system Li2O–MgO–Al2O3–P2O5.
Glasses containing 0–8 wt% H2O were synthesised at 500 MPa confining pressure in internally heated gas pressure vessels at 1323 K (LMP, Al-poor glass) and 1423 K (LMAP, Al-enriched glass). Water contents of glasses were determined by pyrolysis and subsequent Karl-Fischer titration (KFT) and/or by infrared spectroscopy. Density varies nonlinearly with water content implying large structural changes when adding up to 2 wt% H2O to the dry glass. Glass Transition temperatures measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) continuously decrease with water content. The trend can be explained by depolymerisation of the phosphate network. Near-infrared spectroscopy shows that even in Al poor glasses only a minority of dissolved water is present as H2O molecules, but the largest amount is present as OH Groups formed by hydrolysis of P–O–P bonds. The network is stabilised by aluminium which is predominantly six-coordinated in these glasses as shown by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. With increase of Al in the glasses, breaking up of the Phosphate network through hydrolysis is depressed, i.e. much lower OH Contents are formed at same total water content.
Network depolymerisation upon addition of H2O is evident also from 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. While Phosphate tetraheda are crosslinked by two to three bridging oxygen in dry glasses, diphosphate Groups are dominant in glasses containing 8 wt% H2O.
To understand the impact of dissolved water on structure and properties, four boron-rich glasses of molar compositions 15-x Na2O x CaO 15 SiO2 70 B2O3 (with x=0, 7.5, 10) and 10 Na2O 15 SiO2 75 B2O3 were prepared and subsequently hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O). Density measurements show a non-linear trend upon hydration implying large structural changes in particular at water contents<2 wt%. Near-infrared spectroscopy shows hydroxyl groups are the dominant species in all glasses upon the entire range of water content. Molecular H2O is detectable only at total water contents>2 wt%. 11B MAS NMR spectra show that the abundance of BO4 species is mainly controlled by ratio of (Na2O+CaO)/B2O3 while incorporation of water plays a minor role.
Compared to borate glasses, the efficiency of formation of BO4 tetrahedra is favored by crosslinking of the network by SiO4-units. The glass transition temperatures, determined by differential thermal analysis, decreases continuously with water content due to breakage of B-O-B bonds by hydrolysis. However, compared to Silicates and aluminosilicates, the effect of dissolved water is less pronounced which can be explained by weaker B-O-B bonds in comparison to Si-O-Si bonds.
To understand the influence of water and alkalis on aluminosilicate glasses, three polymerized glasses with varying ratios of Na/K were synthesized [(22. 5-x)Na2O-xK2O-22.5 Al2O3-55 SiO2 with x = 0, 7.5, and 11.25]. Subsequently, these glasses were hydrated (up to 8 wt% H2O) in an internally heated gas pressure vessel. The density of hydrous glasses linearly decreased with water content above 1 wt%, consistent with the partial molar volume of H2O of 12 cm3/mol. Near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydroxyl groups are the dominant species at water content of <4 wt%, and molecular water becomes dominating at water content of >5 wt%. The fraction of OH is particularly high in the pure Na-bearing glass compared to the mixed alkali glasses. 27Al magic angle spinning-NMR spectroscopy shows that aluminum is exclusively fourfold coordinated with some variations in the local geometry. It appears that the local structure around Al becomes more ordered with increasing K/Na ratio. The incorporation of H2O reinforces this effect. The differential thermal analysis of hydrous glasses shows a significant mass loss in the range of glass transition already during the first upscan, implying the high mobility of water in the glasses. This observation can be explained by the open structure of the aluminosilicate network and by the low dissociation enthalpy of H2O in the glasses (≈ 8 kJ/mol). The effect of the dissolved H2O on the glass transition temperature is less pronounced than for other aluminosilicate glasses, probably because of the large fraction of Al in the glasses.
Towards Interoperability: Digital Representation of a Material Specific Characterization Method
(2022)
Certain metallic materials gain better mechanical properties through controlled heat treatments. For example, in age-hardenable aluminum alloys, the strengthening mechanism is based on the controlled formation of nanometer sized precipitates, which represent obstacles to dislocation movement. Precise tuning of the material structure is critical for optimal mechanical behavior in the application. Therefore, analysis of the microstructure and especially the precipitates is essential to determine the ideal parameters for the interplay of material and heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is utilized to identify precipitate types and orientations in a first step. Dark-field imaging (DF-TEM) is often used to image the precipitates and to quantify their relevant dimensions.
The present work aims at the digital representation of this material-specific characterization method. Instead of a time-consuming, manual image analysis, an automatable, digital approach is demonstrated. Based on DF-TEM images of different precipitation states of a wrought aluminum alloy, a modularizable digital workflow for quantitative precipitation analysis is presented. The integration of this workflow into a data pipeline concept will also be discussed. Thus, by using ontologies, the raw image data, their respective contextual information, and the resulting output data from the quantitative precipitation analysis can be linked in a triplestore. Publishing the digital workflow and the ontologies will ensure the reproducibility of the data. In addition, the semantic structure enables data sharing and reuse for other applications and purposes, demonstrating interoperability.
The presented work is part of two digitization initiatives, the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de) and Materials-open-Laboratory (Mat-o-Lab).
Towards interoperability: Digital representation of a material specific characterization method
(2023)
Certain metallic materials gain better mechanical properties through controlled heat treatments. In age-hardenable aluminum alloys, the strengthening mechanism is based on the controlled formation of nanometer sized precipitates, which hinder dislocation movement. Analysis of the microstructure and especially the precipitates by transmission electron microscopy allows identification of precipitate types and orientations. Dark-field imaging is often used to image the precipitates and quantify their relevant dimensions.
The present work aims at the digital representation of this material-specific characterization method. Instead of a time-consuming, manual image analysis, a digital approach is demonstrated. The integration of an exemplary digital workflow for quantitative precipitation analysis into a data pipeline concept is presented. Here ontologies enable linking of contextual information to the resulting output data in a triplestore. Publishing digital workflow and ontologies ensures the reproducibility of the data. The semantic structure enables data sharing and reuse for other applications and purposes, demonstrating interoperability.
Knowledge representation in the materials science and engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant and variant knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific.
The PMDco is designed in direct support of the FAIR principles to address immediate needs of the global experts community and their requirements. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics, how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds, and how to fuel it from real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations as well as continuously automated industrial applications.
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and the current status within the Semantic Interoperability work area, with a particular emphasis on the advancements related to the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco). The presentation will delve into the collaborative and community-supported curation process that has been instrumental in shaping PMDco. Additionally, we will introduce the innovative Ontology Playground, showcasing its role in fostering experimentation and exploration within the realm of ontology development.
This poster presents the focused ion beam preparation methodologies developed within the framework of the EU funded EURAMET project ADVENT (Advanced Energy-Saving Technology).
It summarises the key breakthroughs achieved for various in situ investigation techniques, e.g. in situ experiments at the Synchrotron facility BESSY II (IR-SNOM and XRS), TEM and SMM instrumentation.
The created experimental devices from diverse thin-film semiconductor materials paved the way to dynamic structural studies bearing the potential to determine nanoscale correlations between strain and electric fields and, moreover, for the fundamental development of new in situ capabilities.
The PMD Core Ontology (PMDco) is a comprehensive set of building blocks produced via consensus building. The ontological building blocks provide a framework representing knowledge about fundamental concepts used in Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) today. The PMDco is a mid-level ontology that establishes connections between narrower MSE application ontologies and domain neutral concepts used in already established broader (top-level) ontologies. The primary goal of the PMDco design is to enable interoperability between various other MSE-related ontologies and other common ontologies.
PMDco’s class structure is both comprehensive and extensible, rendering it an efficient tool to structure MSE knowledge. The PMDco serves as a semantic middle-layer unifying common MSE concepts via semantic mapping to other semantic representations using well-known key terms used in the MSE domain. The PMDco enables straight-forward documentation and tracking of science data generation and in consequence enables high-quality FAIR data that allows for precise reproducibility of scientific experiments.
The design of PMDco is based on the W3C Provenance Ontology (PROV-O), which provides a standard framework for capturing the production, derivation, and attribution of resources. Via this foundation, the PMDco enables the integration of data from various data origins and the representation of complex workflows.
In summary, the PMDco is a valuable advancement for researchers and practitioners in MSE domains. It provides a common MSE vocabulary to represent and share knowledge, allowing for efficient collaboration and promoting interoperability between diverse domains. Its design allows for the systematic integration of data and metadata, enabling seamless tracing of science data. Overall, the PMDco is a crucial step towards a unified and comprehensive understanding of the MSE domain in general.
Many metallic materials gain better mechanical properties through controlled heat treatments. For example, in age-hardenable aluminium alloys, the strengthening mechanism is based on the controlled formation of nanometre-sized precipitates, which represent obstacles to dislocation movement and consequently increase the strength. Precise tuning of the material microstructure is thus crucial for optimal mechanical behaviour under service condition of a component. Therefore, analysis of the microstructure, especially the precipitates, is essential to determine the optimum parameters for the interplay of material and heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is utilized to identify precipitate types and orientations in the first step. Dark-field imaging (DF-TEM) is often used to image the precipitates and thereafter quantify their relevant dimensions. Often, these evaluations are still performed by manual image analysis, which is very time-consuming and to some extent also poses reproducibility problems.
Our work aims at a semantic representation of an automatable digital approach for this material specific characterization method under adaption of FAIR data practices. Based on DF-TEM images of different precipitation states of a wrought aluminium alloy, the modularizable, digital workflow of quantitative analysis of precipitate dimensions is described. The integration of this workflow into a data pipeline concept will also be discussed. Using ontologies, the raw image data, their respective contextual information, and the resulting output data of the quantitative image analysis can be linked in a triplestore. Publishing the digital workflow and the ontologies will ensure data reproducibility. In addition, the semantic structure enables data sharing and reuse for other applications and purposes, demonstrating interoperability.
Zur Bewältigung der Herausforderung bei der Digitalisierung von Materialien und Prozessen ist eine mit allen Stakeholdern konsistente Kontextualisierung von Materialdaten anzustreben, d.h. alle erforderlichen Informationen über den Zustand des Materials einschließlich produktions- und anwendungsbezogener Änderungen müssen über eine einheitliche, maschinenlesbare Beschreibung verfügbar gemacht werden. Dazu werden Wissensrepräsentationen und Konzeptualisierungen ermöglichende Ontologien verwendet. Erste Bemühungen in den beiden Projekten Plattform Material Digital und Materials-open-Laboratory führten zur Erstellung von Anwendungsontologien, die Prozesse und Testmethoden explizit beschreiben. Dabei wurde u.a. der Zugversuch an Metallen bei Raumtemperatur nach DIN EN ISO 6892-1 ontologisch beschrieben. Diese als Beispiel dienende Ontologieentwicklung wird in dieser Präsentation vorgestellt.
Mit der Initiative MaterialDigital fördert das BMBF seit dem letzten Jahr ein wichtiges Instrument zur Digitalisierung der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik in Deutschland. In der ersten Phase dieser Initiative wird seit Juli 2019 die Plattform MaterialDigital von einem Konsortium aufgestellt. Ziel dieser Plattform ist der Aufbau eines virtuellen Materialdatenraums, um zusammen mit allen Interessenten die Systematisierung des Umgangs mit Werkstoffdaten voranzutreiben. In einer zweiten Phase werden akademische F&E-Projekte voraussichtlich Anfang 2021 gefördert. In jedem dieser Projekte wird an einer konkreten Fragestellung das Themenfeld „Digitalisierung der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik“ adressiert und multidisziplinär bearbeitet. In einer dritten Phase werden im Rahmen industriegeführter vorwettbewerblicher Verbundprojekte mit der gleichen Zielsetzung gefördert.
Der vorliegende Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über Probenpräparationen mit der Focused Ion Beam (FIB) für AFM-basierte Untersuchungsverfahren. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird gezeigt, wie ionenstrahlpolierte Lamellen aus Halbleiter-Schichtsystemen elektrisch leitfähig auf Substrate platziert werden, so dass in-situ und in-operando Messungen mit Scanning Microwave Microscope (SMM) bzw. Spectroscopic infrared scanning near-field optical microscope (IR-SNOM) durchgeführt werden können.
The amount of data generated worldwide is constantly increasing. These data come from a wide variety of sources and systems, are processed differently, have a multitude of formats, and are stored in an untraceable and unstructured manner, predominantly in natural language in data silos. This problem can be equally applied to the heterogeneous research data from materials science and engineering. In this domain, ways and solutions are increasingly being generated to smartly link material data together with their contextual information in a uniform and well-structured manner on platforms, thus making them discoverable, retrievable, and reusable for research and industry. Ontologies play a key role in this context. They enable the sustainable representation of expert knowledge and the semantically structured filling of databases with computer-processable data triples.
In this perspective article, we present the project initiative Materials-open-Laboratory (Mat-o-Lab) that aims to provide a collaborative environment for domain experts to digitize their research results and processes and make them fit for data-driven materials research and development. The overarching challenge is to generate connection points to further link data from other domains to harness the promised potential of big materials data and harvest new knowledge.
Knowledge representation in the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) domain is a vast and multi-faceted challenge: Overlap, ambiguity, and inconsistency in terminology are common. Invariant (consistent) and variant (context-specific) knowledge are difficult to align cross-domain. Generic top-level semantic terminology often is too abstract, while MSE domain terminology often is too specific. In this paper, an approach how to maintain a comprehensive MSE-centric terminology composing a mid-level ontology–the Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco)–via MSE community-based curation procedures is presented. The illustrated findings show how the PMDco bridges semantic gaps between high-level, MSE-specific, and other science domain semantics. Additionally, it demonstrates how the PMDco lowers development and integration thresholds. Moreover, the research highlights how to fuel it with real-world data sources ranging from manually conducted experiments and simulations with continuously automated industrial applications.