7.2 Ingenieurbau
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- Offshore pile foundations (1)
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- risk, reliability, inspection planning, offshore wind turbines (1)
- zerstreute Achslastimpulse (1)
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Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (170) (entfernen)
This presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures.
The first lecture presents a brief introduction to the context and peculiarities of such foundations, and then focuses on the particular case of axially loaded piles. This part is most relevant for the relatively slender piles of the multi-pile substructures (i.e. jackets and tripods). A clear distinction between physical phenomenology and practical design is drawn here.
his presentation deals with the phenomenology and design of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines, and is divided into two lectures.
The second lecture continues with the case of laterally loaded offshore piles, which bears most relevance for the case of the monopile foundations. Here again, a clear separation between physical reality and design methods is intended.
Finally, the last part of the second lecture introduces several advanced topics which lie outside the classical design approaches, namely the hydromechanical coupling effects (i.e. the excess pore-pressure generation around the monopiles), the cyclic pile fatigue and the so-called pile setup (i.e. the time effects on the axial pile capacity). The relevance of the latter two topics is illustrated with experimental results from a field testing campaign on real large-scale piles.
Gradual or sudden changes in the state of structural systems caused, for example, by deterioration or accidental load
events can influence their load-bearing capacity. Structural changes can be inferred from static and/or dynamic response data
measured by structural health monitoring systems. However, they may be masked by variations in the structural response due to
varying environmental conditions. Particularly, the interaction of nominally load-bearing components with nominally non-load
bearing components exhibiting characteristics that vary as a function of the environmental conditions can significantly affect the
monitored structural response. Ignoring these effects may hamper an inference of structural changes from the monitoring data. To
address this issue, we adopt a probabilistic model-based framework as a basis for developing digital twins of structural systems
that enable a prediction of the structural behavior under varying ambient condition. Within this framework, different types of data
obtained from real the structural system can be applied to update the digital twin of the structural system using Bayesian methods
and thus enhance predictions of the structural behavior. In this contribution, we implement the framework to develop a digital
twin of a simply supported steel beam with an asphalt layer. It is formulated such that it can predict the static response of the beam
in function of its temperature. In a climate chamber, the beam was subject to varying temperatures and its static response wass
monitored. In addition, tests are performed to determine the temperature-dependent properties of the asphalt material. Bayesian
system identification is applied to enhance the predictive capabilities of the digital twin based on the observed data.
This article presents a solid cohesion model for the simulation of bonded granular assemblies in the frame of 3D discrete element approaches (DEM). A simple viscoplastic cohesion model for 2D geometries is extended to 3D conditions, while its yield criterion is generalized as a hyper-surface in the space of bond solicitations to include torsional moments. The model is then calibrated using experimental results of uniaxial traction at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales with an artificial granular cohesive soil. The paper finally presents some simulated results on the macromechanical sample traction application and briefly discusses the model's current limitations and promising prospects for subsequent works.
In this presentation, we discuss the potential of probabilistic approaches to the design and assessment of offshore foundations. The potential is demonstrated in a numerical example considering a laterally loaded monopile. As an outlook, we present a concept for managing the risk associated with installing large monopiles.
In this presentation, a framework for integrating vibration-based structural health monitoring data into the optimization of inspection and maintenance of deteriorating structural systems is presented. The framework is demonstrated in an illustrative example considering a steel frame subject to fatigue.
Prediction of building noise and vibration – 3D finite element and 1D wave propagation models
(2021)
Construction work or traffic excite nearby buildings, and the perceptible or audible vibration can be a nuisance for the inhabitants. The transfer of the vibration from the free field to the building has been calculated by the finite element method for many models in consultancy and research work. The analysis for all storeys of certain building points such as walls, columns and floors unveiled some rules, some typical modes, and some wavetype responses. A simplified building-soil model has been created, which includes well these effects of building-soil resonance, wall/column resonance, floor resonances, and the high-frequency reduction. The model consists of one wall for a wall-type apartment building or a column for each specific part (mid, side or corner) of a column-type office building. The building response in the high-frequency (acoustic) region is calculated as mean values over all storeys and over wider frequency bands, by wave-type asymptotes of an infinitely tall building, and by the soil to wall ratio of impedances. The secondary noise is predicted by Transfer values between the building vibration (center of floors, walls at a room corner) and the sound pressure.
Die Linienlastgesetzmäßigkeit gilt nicht für Zuganregung. Die Punktlastgesetzmäßigkeit wird bei kurzen Zügen in größeren Entfernungen erreicht. Bei langen Zügen reduziert sich die Abnahme um r-0,3 für die theoretische exponentielle Dämpfungsabnahme, um r-0,5 für die vereinfachte potentielle Dämpfungsabnahme. Die gemessenen Abnahmereduktionen liegen in diesem Bereich.
Design challenges for Offshore wind-farms. From foundation mechanics to wind-farm aerodynamics
(2021)
This talk provides a brief introduction on general engineering design challenges for the offshore wind energy production. Some general features of the offshore wind-energy field from a civil engineering perspective are firstly presented, followed by a brief discussion of some of the main geomechanical issues for the foundation of the offshore turbines into the seabed.
In the following part, an overview of relevant fluid-structure interactions and some options for an efficient numerical analysis are provided, where the hydromechanical Wave–Tower interaction is firstly discussed. Then, some general aspects of the windfarm aerodynamics are introduced. On the one hand, some modelling possibilities for the wake analysis of single turbines and turbine groups are discussed. And on the other hand the relevance of such analyses for a proper windfarm layout optimization is pointed out.
In particular, this talk shows that: i) The bearing capacity of turbine multi-pile foundations can degrade under cyclic loading (waves, wind, …), while for monopile foundations cyclic hydromechanical coupling effects may take place, which may lead to a foundation softening; ii) Numerical analysis of a turbine’s interaction with wind/waves is useful and affordable, while simplified models can already provide a useful insight into the windfarm aerodynamics. iii) Turbulent wake analysis is very relevant for the windfarm layout.