4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (64) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (34)
- Deutsch (27)
- Chinesisch (2)
- Italienisch (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (64) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Archaeometry (5)
- Inks (5)
- Non-destructive testing (5)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- Holzschutz (3)
- Ink (3)
- Phosphat (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Bottom ash (2)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (64)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (19)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (14)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (13)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (10)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (7)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (3)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (3)
- 6 Materialchemie (3)
- 1.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (2)
Rare occurrences of termites in Germany. Termites are typical elements of the tropical and subtropical insect fauna. In Europe, their most northern natural range is southern France, Italy and the South-Balkan region. Only occasionally are termites found in Germany. Their occurrence is always very closely associated with the synanthropic environment. Drywood termites like Cryptotermes brevis or Kalotermis flavicollis were accidentally imported with furniture, wooden artefacts or plant material into homes or indoor arboretums. Similar pathways of termite introduction are described for Coptotermes gestroi and Reticulitermes sp. into tropical botanical gardens and tropical theme parks. Although termites were introduced to Germany several times, successful spreading or long term establishment never occurred due to climatic barriers, namely cold winter temperatures. Only Reticulitermes flavipes formed sustainable colonies in the city of Hamburg for several decades. Originating from the eastern United States of America, this species was introduced in the 1930s with infested wood through the sea port. Small subterranean colonies could survive the winter in areas where pipes of the central heating system kept the ground from freezing. Control efforts of this potentially invasive species of economic importance started early on but failed until modern bait techniques were applied in the year 2000. Currently, termites have not been detected in Hamburg for the last five years.
Second occurrence of aberrant antenna in house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the F3 generation. In 2016, the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) breeding culture of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin produced a second female beetle with a unique malformed right antenna similar to the one previously reported. As in the first case the flagellum following the pedical was bifurcated. This time, however, both branches were of similar length with 7 and 8 flagellomeres, respectively. The left antenna was normally developed with 11 antennal segments (scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres). This second female stands as F3-generation in direct maternal line to the previous one. A heritable cause for the malformation is likely.
A short natural and cultural history of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella). It is generally accepted that the natural habitats of most pest insects can be found outside the synanthropic environment in layers of leaf litter, under bark, as well as in rodent or bird nests. Indeed, most of the common fabric pests have been reported as being facultative nidicolous. Therefore, infestation of commodities by pest insects out of these reservoirs is one possibility to be considered. However, the likelihood of a pest´s occurrence and survival outside of the synanthropic habitat largely depends on its ecological potential and competitiveness against other species of the same ecological guild. Some pest species are rarely found in wild habitats, especially in those regions where they are not native and where they have been introduced by man.
The fabric pest Tineola bisselliella serves as a good example. Most likely originating from Central or Southern Africa, this insect was introduced into Europe probably not earlier than the late 18th century. Being more tolerant to dry environments than other fabric pests, its economical importance increased during the 20th century when the indoor climate changed because of central heating systems. Its occurrence in outdoor natural habitats must be regarded as accidental. Reported finds of webbing clothes moth larvae in bird nests e. g. have been largely overstated in the literature. Tineola bisselliella should be regarded as an invasive and eusynanthropic species in most parts of the world.
Derzeit gibt es intensive Diskussionen über die Entlassung von Deponien aus der Nachsorgephase. Die Deponie müsste dafür nach der Deponieverordnung (DepV) u. a. „insgesamt dauerhaft standsicher" sein. Geokunststoffe erfüllten ihre Funktion über einen Zeitrahmen von lediglich mindestens hundert Jahren. Dies stehe somit im Widerspruch wird argumentiert. Das neue LANUV-Arbeitsblatt 33 schließt daher im Moment eine Entlassung aus der Nachsorge von Deponien faktisch aus, wenn in den Böschungen Geokunststoffprodukte eingesetzt wurden. Auch der Fachbeirat der BAM zur Zulassung von Geokunststoffen, Polymeren und Dichtungskontrollsystemen hat sich daher mit der Thematik beschäftigt. Die aktuelle Situation soll daher auf dieser Grundlage diskutiert werden.