4 Material und Umwelt
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- Biocides (11)
- Antimicrobial resistance (8)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Antimicrobial coating (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- PFAS (4)
- XANES spectroscopy (4)
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- Disinfection (3)
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- 4 Material und Umwelt (61)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (18)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (14)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (14)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (8)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (7)
- 6 Materialchemie (2)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (2)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (1)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
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Im Verbundprojekt R-Rhenania wird eine industrielle Demonstrationsanlage am Standort der Monoverbrennungsanlage Altenstadt der Firma Emter errichtet und im Jahr 2024 den Betrieb aufnehmen. Die vorhandene Rostfeuerung-Monoverbrennung wird so umgebaut, dass ein neues thermochemisches Verfahren integriert werden kann, welches hochwirksame und schadstoffarme Dünger produziert (bis zu 17.000 t/a). Die thermochemischen Produkte werden in Gefäß- und Feldversuchen im ökologischen Landbau auf ihre Düngewirkung getestet. Die Umweltverträglichkeit der Demonstrationsanlage wird untersucht, wie auch die Übertragbarkeit des Verfahrens auf weitere Regionen.
Results:
- Four types of inks were measured iron gall (vitriolic and non vitriolic), carbonic, mixed and vegetable inks.
- We need to start analyzing systematically the organic part of the inks.
- Great variety in the composition of the inks.
- No correlation between the type of ink used and any other criteria apart from a personal preference.
- Inks purchased by (some) scribes.
- Reconstruction of the chronology of writing and signing of certain legal documents.
- Comparison with documents written by the Muslim court.
Rock-inhabiting black fungi are adapted to survive extreme stresses such as radiation and lack of water and are thus able to colonise arid material surfaces like solar panels and marble monuments. Black fungi can typically grow as one of two cell types: depending on the environmental conditions, they are able to form yeast-like cells or hyphal filaments. Knufia petricola is one member of the rock-inhabiting black fungi which functions as a model reference species. As there is no mathematical model for biofilm formation of RIF, we are going to develop a model for K. petricola which describes fungal growth on the level of individual cells adn biofilm formation.
Rock-inhabiting fungi are known to colonise air-exposed substrates like minerals, photovoltaic panels building facades and monuments, withstanding the various stresses these extreme habitats are known for. Here we show how both colonisation and stress resistance are linked to the properties of the fungal cell surface. By deleting genes involved in the synthesis of melanin and carotenoid pigments of the model rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola via CRISPR-Cas and comparing the behaviour of the gene-deletion mutants with the wild type (WT), we studied the role of these genes in mineral colonisation and stress sensitivity. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms of the WT and mutants were extracted, quantified and chemically characterised. We observed that the absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: melanin-deficient mutants synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, in mineral dissolution experiments, these mutants showed a lower ability to colonise the mineral olivine. We hypothesise that not melanin, but the pullulan-related linkages enabled the melanin-producing strains to attach more strongly to the mineral. Moreover, ICP-OES analysis of the aqueous mineral-derived solutes showed that biofilms of the K. petricola mutants which could attach were able to dissolve the olivine faster than those that could not. The same mutants were also characterised by their sensitivity to desiccation stress: only the mutant deficient in both melanin and carotenoid synthesis was more sensitive to desiccation compared to the WT, indicating that a combination of both pigments is critical to withstand desiccation. Overall, these results show the critical role of the cell surface in the specific capacities of rock-inhabiting fungi.
In industrialised countries more than 80% of the time is spent indoors. Products, such as building materials and furniture, emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are therefore ubiquitous in indoor air. VOC in combination may, under certain environmental and occupational conditions, result in reported sensory irritation and health complaints. Emission concentrations can become further elevated in new or refurbished buildings where the rate of air exchange with fresh ambient air may be limited due to improved energy saving aspects. A healthy indoor environment can be achieved by controlling the sources and by eliminating or limiting the release of harmful substances into the air. One way is to use (building) materials proved to be low emitting. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established. Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. A laboratory’s proficiency can be proven by internal and external validation measures that both include the application of suitable emission reference materials (ERM). For the emission test chamber procedure according to EN 16516, no artificial ERM is commercially available. The EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ aims to fill this gap by developing new and improved ERMs. The goal is to obtain a material with a reproducible and temporally constant compound release (less than 10% variability over 14 days). Different approaches, such as the impregnation of porous materials, are being tested. The generation as well as results of the most promising materials will be presented.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials [1]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR [2,3]. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process dictated by the environment, microorganisms, and the respective electron source. Interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface remain unclear. The development of this novel single cell-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry analytical method and a MIC-specific staining procedure facilitate the investigation of steel-MIC interactions. With this it is possible to analyze the multi-elemental fingerprint of individual cells. The detection method revealed elemental selectivity for the corrosive methanogenic archaeal strain Methanobacterium-affiliated IM1. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering MIC on solid steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated. Results showed the cells responded at a single-cell level to the different types of supplemented elements and displayed the abilities to interact with chromium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum from solid metal surfaces. The information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research.