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We review contact mechanics with emphasis on the rheological (time dependent) properties of polymers and their relations to surface roughness, material properties, and friction as well as wear behavior of rubbing polymer surfaces. The main concept of polymer mechanics related to tribology consists of three basic elements involved in friction: deformation resulting in the real area of contact of rough surfaces, contact adhesion, and shear and rupture of materials in the contact during the sliding friction. The results of classical work are included, which addresses the real contact area calculation and the description of adhesion interaction between rough surfaces. A brief review of experimental investigations concerning the surface characterization by means of bearing curves, the intermolecular force interaction using the adhesion parameter, the effect of temperature on the real contact area, the formation of transferred polymer film during friction, and tribological behavior of ultrathin polymer layers are presented and their implications discussed.
Recent developments in micromechanics and nanotribology have made adhesion effects very important in the study of actual contact formation and sliding friction. The present work considers the experimental and simulation data on the formation of the adhesion contact and sliding friction for rough surfaces. The simulation of discrete contact was carried out using the AFM images of topography as a source of real surface geometry at micro/nanoscale. The proposed approach of contact modelling is not using the statistical parameters of roughness, but it provides the estimation of the additional adhesion induced contact areas and their influence on sliding friction. The friction law of Bowden and Tabor was used for validation of simulation and experimental data. Furthermore, the workhardening effect was taken into account in simulation of sliding friction, and this enabled to reach a more successful fit of experimental data. The obtained results of the computer simulations will provide a way of studying the movable contact or at least transition from static to dynamic friction at the micro/nanoscale level.
Polymer contact mechanics
(2013)