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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Use of Embeddable Sensors in an Integrated Monitoring System for Reinforced Concrete Structures
(2003)
Systematic laboratory and field exposure tests allow to compare nine different stainless steels (three ferritic, three austenitic, and three duplex grades) for civil engineering applications. The influence of surface finish was also taken into account by choosing five different industry-specific features. The three duplex stainless steels revealed excellent corrosion resistance under most of the test conditions. Especially for applications in civil engineering the lean duplex steels offer distinct advantages. The manganese-alloyed 1.4376 and the ferritic steel 1.4509 cannot be recommended as alternative materials as they did not perform satisfactorily.
This specification describes how corrosion monitoring is used to check the condition of reinforced and prestressed concrete members. In this specification, the term "corrosion monitoring" covers all methods in which it is possible to continuously track corrosion-relevant variables in the area of stationary, built-in sensors. This specification does not cover other possible methods, such as potential field measurements, involving the use of mobile, portable sensors that are placed temporarily on the membersurface to take measurements.
Due to the large number of stainless steels with different chemical composition and different microstructure the selection of the suitable material represents a huge challenge. In order to facilitate the appropriate grade selection, in the current European standard EN 1993-1-4 a procedure is defined based on the use of a look-up table considering the key variables that influence the selection of stainless steels. The table uses descriptions that competent designers should be able to readily understand or define without prior knowledge. The output from the look-up table is used to select alloys based on a Corrosion Resistance Class (CRC) from I to V. The advantage of this approach is that the designer simply specifies the relevant CRC and does not need to consider in detail which of the many (very similar) alloys to specify.
Risk of stress corrosion cracking of prestressing steels in contact with galvanized components
(2010)
Long-term experiences with cathodic corrosion protection of steel reinforced concrete structures
(2002)
Nine different stainless steel alloys were exposed for 5 years under marine environment and their corrosion behaviour was compared and assessed. The investigation of four different surface finishes for all alloys tested further enabled to consider industry-specific features of the surface finish for the material comparison. The results of the exposure tests yield conclusions regarding the influence of alloy composition, surface finish and exposure duration under marine environment. The three duplex stainless steels revealed excellent corrosion resistance even in case of crevices during the 5 years of exposure under the given exposure conditions. Also the molybdenum-alloyed ferritic steel 1.4521 showed good corrosion resistance comparable to the classical austenitic materials 1.4301 and 1.4404.