In his path-breaking analysis of the formation of an ideological >white< self-consciousness among American workers in the nineteenth century, David Roediger relies on a theoretical synthesis of historical materialism and psychoanalysis. This paper explores the parallels in methodology and content between Roediger’s work and the critical theory of Max Horkheimer, Erich Fromm, and Herbert Marcuse, which was also based on a synthesis of Marx and Freud. The paper seeks to place Roediger’s arguments in a broader theoretical context and to highlight the ongoing relevance of early Frankfurt School critical theory to contemporary discussions in critical race theory.
Resulting from the prevalence of hedonistic egoism within the youth culture and the media targeted to this demographic, this essay offers a brief discussion of hedonistic egoism absent in much of contemporary ethics. Analyzing Fred Feldman’s pure hedonism as discussed in >Pleasure and the Good Life: Concerning the Nature, Varieties, and Plausibility of Hedonism<, hedonistic egoism is defined as an extension of Feldmanian pure hedonism. Discussing the use of hedonistic egoism in modern society by certain societal groups, especially adolescents and young adults, as a means to seek freedom from certain societal authorities such as the law, or at least portions of it, the differences between negative and positive freedom are explored using Erich Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom<. It is then argued that when hedonistic egoism is used by individuals to seek freedom, whether it be negative or positive, certain paradoxes arise. Firstly, negative freedom, if existent, will exist merely psychology while, secondly, so far that pleasure and pain act as new authorities and egoism is present, positive freedom becomes an impossibility.
The research questions of the article are: What takes place in the professional cooperative work of including children with special needs in kindergartens and in counteracting exclusive process? How are views on children and ethics expressed through practice and in reflections on practice among the staff in kindergarten? What constitutes >pedagogical presence<, >attentive love< and children's participation in developing pedagogical practice? A common understanding of these concepts are highlighted by Fromm's understanding of >being-mode< and >having-mode< as different modes of orientation toward ourselves and the world. The article draws on critical social theory on preschool education and is based on empiric findings from ethnographic studies in two kindergartens. While planning and regulating the practice according to a biased view on >what children need< earlier were main topic in the kindergartens studied, now concentration on listening to and >reading< the children is focused, and thus expansion of the interests and questions the children themselves bring in is facilitated. The new practice can be seen as a resistance movement against the growth of an instrumental and technical approach to preschool education the last years.
Die Überlegungen von Erich Fromm bezüglich eines Lebens im Konsum und einem Leben im Sein sind in Zeiten wie den unseren nötiger denn je. In dieser Hausarbeit werden seine Gedanken zusammengefasst und kommentiert.Unsere Gesellschaft versucht den Spagat zwischen maximalem Konsum und Umweltschutz. Dieser Spagat ist nach Erich Fromm unmöglich. Die Probleme der heutigen Gesellschaft führt er auf die Lebensweise des Habens zurück, womit sich die Umweltverträglichkeit bei gleichzeitig maximalem Konsum ausschließt. Durch psychoanalytische Methoden versuchte er die empirische Grundlage zur Unterscheidung von der Lebensweise des Habens von der des Seins zu ermitteln. Was sind das für Lebensweisen, die nach Fromm für das Scheitern oder das Gelingen unserer Gesellschaft verantwortlich sind? [Buecher.de]
Kevin B.Anderson and Russell Rockwell, Lexington Books (Apr. 杜娜叶夫斯卡碰 (Raya Dunayevskaya,1910—1987) 系马克思主义人道主义者、女权主义哲学家。本书的研究对象是她和另两位思想家H?马尔库塞(Herbert Marcuse,1898—1979)、E.弗洛姆 (Erich Fromm,1900—1980)在1954—1978 年间的往来书信。在本书中, K.B.安德森 (Kevin B. Anderson) 和R洛克威尔 (Russell Rockwell) 重点概括了这些书信中关于理论与政治的对话,话题涉及辩证的社会理论
Rand’s triadic model is particularly germane to understanding Fitzgerald’s Bernice Bobs Her Hair. I will discuss Fitzgerald’s characters, their worlds, and beliefs in terms of the conflicts between the three types of people: >Being,< >Having,< and >Doing.< I will also explain why Fitzgerald presents his characters the way he does and examine how Rand’s theory influences his narrative point of view.
Sullivan Integrated
(2013)
This paper discusses two 19-century French-speaking authors, Pierre Janet and Auguste Forel, who both employed hypnosis and in various ways were influential on psychoanalysis. Marcelle, a long case history by Janet, is presented. Freud’s long review of Forel’s book on hypnotism is then discussed, as well as a short review by Erich Fromm of Forel’s autobiography. A case history by Forel is also presented. The connections between these two authors and modern developments are discussed.
Ferenczi is regarded as the initiator of the relational model in psychoanalysis. In Britain his influence on Bowlby was largely indirect. In the United States he exercized an explicit influence on the interpersonal school through Clara Thompson. Fromm was already an admirer and supporter of Ferenczi. In comparing Fromm and Bowlby their convergence on the evolutionary paradigm is stressed. These two authors also converge on two important Ferenczian themes: the primary nature of the mother-child relationship and the importance of real-life traumatic events. The quality of attachment may contribute to the social character.
В статье рассматривается использование марксисткой концепции отчуждения в >Обществе спектакля< Ги Дебора для описания ситуации, возникшей в ХХ веке, когда появились новые формы отчуждения, основанные на навязывании престижных потребностей. Именно консьюмеризм становится важнейшей опорой существующего порядка. Ги Дебор считает, что общество потребления можно одновременно описать и как общество спектакля, который стал тотальным. Концепция Ги Дебора рассматривается в контексте предшествовавшей и последующей историографии: работ Т. Веблена, Г. Маркузе, Э. Фромма.
The history of attitudes toward Freud's adoption of free-associative discourse, as well as toward the significance of the clinical significance of the free-associative method, is critically reviewed. It is argued that, if one takes the re-inviting of repressed contents back into self-consciousness to be the defining process of psychoanalysis as a discipline (distinguishing it even from those psychotherapies that are based on psychoanalytic models of the mind), then free-associating is indeed the sine qua non of the psychoanalysis process. It is further suggested that whereas Freud's notion of libidinality radically subverts Cartesian dualism, our thinking about the significance of free-associative discourse has too frequently lapsed into the mistaken assumption that free-associating should only be about what “comes to mind.” In this context, a way of free-associating with the “bodymind” is described as an addendum to customary psychoanalytic practices. This augmented method remains faithful to Freud's practice of allowing the voice of sensuality to “join the conversation,” at the same time that its clinical implementation incorporates some of the wisdom concerning “breathwork” that comes from the yogic procedures for cultivating awareness.
Norbert Elias, Erich Fromm, and Theodor Adorno all crossed paths at the University of Frankfurt in the pivotal period of the early 1930s, all were haunted by Nazism, and each produced remarkable chapters in the social psychology of authoritarianism. Adorno’s (co-authored) >The Authoritarian Personality< (1950) was the most influential, but perhaps only at the cost of downplaying or hiding underlying theoretical and political interests during a period of significant professional constraints. Currently none of these contributions enjoys much attention, despite enduring academic, political, and national security interests in understanding the origins and nature of popular political ideologies characterized by uncritical submission to militant and intolerant politics. This chapter surveys the neglected social psychologies of authoritarianism offered by Elias and Fromm and offers comparisons and contrasts between these two contributions, and also the more famous publication: >The Authoritarian Personality<. Elias’s >The Germans< is revealed to have many overlooked and lasting virtues, especially its abilities to avoid troubling reifications and to offer insights that more easily transcend the particular traditions of psychoanalysis, Marxism, and positivism.
В статье анализируются работы зарубежных и отечественных теоретиков личности, представляющих различные психологические направления, в которых присутствует обращение к проблеме зависти. Проблема зависти обсуждается в рамках классического психоанализа (З. Фрейд, М. Кляйн), индивидуальной психологии (А. Адлер), аналитической психологии (К. Юнг), концепции гуманистического психоанализа (Э. Фромм), социокультурной теории (К. Хорни), эго-теории (Э. Эриксон, А. Питерс), диспозиционального направления (Г. Олпорт, Р. Кеттелл), гуманистической психологии (А. Маслоу), экзистенциональной психологии (В. Франкл). Показывается, что в отечественных теориях личности проблема зависти находит свое отражение в трудах А.А. Бодалева, В.Н. Мясищева, В.Н. Панферова, А.В. Петровского. Цель. Осуществить анализ психологических теорий личности на предмет выявления специфики представлений о психологической сущности и истоках зависти. Метод. Теоретический анализ и систематизация научных данных. Результаты. Выявлена разрозненность и неоднородность научных пред-ставлений о зависти, что, с одной стороны, позволяет взглянуть на нее с разных углов зрения, а с другой – противодействует интеграции знаний о зависти в единую теоретическую систему.
This paper reveals the basic ideas of Erich Fromm’s analytical social psychology and shows links among work, character and education. Social changes may be better understood in the background of work evolution. Today the concept of waged work has been extended to unpaid activities. At the same time, the working life has been changed from a stable model to a flexible one. The work, its standards and social distribution, are also different now. Erich Fromm’s concept of "social character” clarifies the changes and explains the consequences of the social changes. The relations to work are also different. During these changes – unemployment included – concepts of the unconditional basic income were stud-ied. These concepts explain why it is possible for people without waged work to participate in community life and consumption, without being excluded. The author presents the basic social changes that affected many different subpopulation and age groups.
The aim of this short contribution is to present a summary of the decision problem within the profession of the pedagogue, and the fundamental role of the abduction (>απαγωγή<, retroduction) process in its proper context, in professional practice of the pedagogue, as in all professional practice involving the social and professional pedagogy. Pedagogy is a field for reflection, application and commitment or engagement to education. Moreover, pedagogy is establishing itself as a profession, the profession of the pedagogist (not of the educator, who is a different figure), in the socio-health, intellectual, cultural and aid profession field, even in spite of heavy delays and failures of the Italian laws and the resistance of professional groups related but already recognized both by law and by society. The so-called >pedagogical interlocution< is a paradigmatic form of the professional pedagogical practice. Decision in professional pedagogy, properly speaking, must be reached by the interlocutor(s), who must debate and develop it, with the aid of the professional pedagogue. Abduction is not a valid syllogism: it concerns a possible example of a general case or of a rule, who's the actual pertinence to this general case or this rule is mediated by the professional or expert assumptions. The professional approach of the pedagogue, from methodological point of view, is casuistic (case based) and situational as a form of aid given to the person, alternative and other than to the statistical-operational methodology that addresses rather to populations composed of individuals. Cases of general interest in professional pedagogy can be labeled as >casuistries< or >case study< categories. A good collection of casuistries-case study categories is provided by Erich Fromm, concerning the problems of family education; and by Viktor E. Frankl in his search for sense, Lebenssinn or λόγος. A further range of examples of categories based on case studies which can be dealt with a pedagogical professional methodology are the life and studies orientation problems. A fourth class of examples, applicable differently but methodologically similar, offers to us the autogenic training, particularly the choice of the propositional formula, called and eventually repeated both in the opening and in the closure, which must be adapted to the particular case of each single person; and this can be considered a specific pedagogical competence as the gradual training to the technique proposed by Johannes Heinrich Schultz reveals to be. Professional pedagogy, by this way, can make an important and an authentic and specific contribution to general discussion about decision in the social, human and cultural sciences (or Human-, Sozial-, Geisteswissenschaften).
The journal >Psyche – Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwedungen<: A historical overview
(2013)
The author presents a historical overview of the evolution of the German journal Psyche, starting from its foundation by Alexander Mitscherlich, Felix Schottlaender, and Hans Kunz in 1946. After the gradual reorientation of Psyche in the direction of being a purely psychoanalytic journal, Mitscherlich became its sole editor in 1969. In the 1980s, Psyche played a central role in the discussion and working-through of the German analysts' involvement in the National Socialist Regime. In 1997, Werner Bohleber followed Margarete Mitscherlich as editor-in-chief. Psyche, the only monthly psychoanalytic journal in the world, keeps not only documenting, but also shaping the main developments taking place in our field, on both a national and an international level. As far as the last 20 years are concerned, the journal has also played a central role in the debate conducted in and outside Germany in terms of empirical research in psychoanalysis and the dialogue with the neurosciences.
A importância da teoria humanista existencial psicanalítica e a linguagem corporal dos sonhos
(2013)
Music has the uncanny potential to transport its listeners to normally inaccessible realms of the psyche. Grounded in an object relations perspective informed by the burgeoning neo-monistic philosophical discipline of somaesthetics, it is suggested that the synthesis of conscious (necessarily explicit), unconscious (potentially explicit), and nonconscious (necessarily implicit) elements comprises a more utilitarian concept of the psychic essence of an individual: the >foundational self.< This foundational self, or the >spiritual self,< represents the irreducible and ultimately unformulatable core of human experience that results from the dialectical fusion of true-self object relations with concomitant developmentally primitive psychosomatic self states. It is argued that certain types of so-called >sacred music< – music whose form aligns with implicit affective registries that are filtered through intrapsychic constellations of true self object relations – act as perhaps the most potent catalyst in facilitating experiences of spirituality. The phonological qualities of sacred music share the same spectrum of transitional space in which the foundational self enjoys its fullest expression. Sacred music possesses the ability to dissolve explicit representational boundaries in service of achieving symbolic interpersonal fusion with the foundational self, in so doing facilitating a blissfully ego-boundless sensation of unio mystica.
Le nuove dipendenze
(2013)
Why is it that imprisonment has undergone an explosive growth in the USA and Britain over the last three decades against the background of falling crime rates in both countries? And why has this development met with a significant and escalating degree of support among the public? To the extent that governing elites on either side of the Atlantic have been eliciting public support for their authority by inducing concerns about issues of crime and punishment, what explains the selection of crime as a means to this effect, and in what precise ways do crime and punishment fulfil their hidden political function? Moreover, how do Americans and Britons legitimate their consent to objectively irrational policies and the elites responsible for their formulation? In seeking to advance the study of these questions, the present article rediscovers the method and key findings of Erich Fromm’s ‘materialistic psychoanalysis’, bringing them to bear upon insights produced by political economies of contemporary punishment and related scholarship. Particular attention is paid to the hitherto understudied themes of the political production of middle-class support for punitive penal policies under conditions of neoliberal capitalism, and the crucial role played in this process by the privileged position accorded to violent street crime in the public domain.
l objetivo de este artículo es realizar una contribución tanto sustantiva como epistemológica al estudio de la punitividad estatal y pública. Epistemológicamente, se desarrolla un argumento a favor de la utilización del psicoanálisis y especialmente la vertiente >materialista< de Fromm. Sustantivamente y por medio de convocar el psicoanálisis frommiano a dialogar con las visiones de las economías políticas del castigo contemporáneo, el objetivo es trazar las formas en las que la penalidad contribuye a un proyecto más amplio de dominación estatal sobre el público en los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña bajo las condiciones del capitalismo neoliberal. Se le presta particular atención en este sentido a los temas poco estudiados hasta aquí de la producción política del apoyo de las clases medias a las políticas punitivas y el rol crucial que ha jugado en este proceso la posición privilegiada otorgada al delito violento de la calle en el dominio público. El artículo argumenta que la penalidad neoliberal y sus efectos políticos requieren necesariamente lo que ha sido típicamente teorizado como los lenguajes y operaciones moralmente neutrales y desapasionadas del gerencialismo. Concluye reclamando un quiebre con respecto a los dos enfoques dominantes acerca de la responsabilidad de las elites por la punitividad pública: >punitividad populista< y >populismo penal<. A partir del trabajo de Fromm sobre el carácter social de las clases dominantes, se plantea que la auto legitimación y sus bases narcisistas son claves para comprender las acciones e inacciones de las elites.