Refine
Language
Document Type
- Articles (534)
- Reviews (38)
- Books (28)
- Collections (17)
- Forewords (14)
- Ebooks (4)
- Dissertations (3)
Year of publication
- 1993 (638) (remove)
Auf den Phallus kommt es an
(1993)
This study explored the role of authoritarianism in presidential decision-making regarding the use of force. Harry Truman's decision to fight in Korea, John Kennedy's decision to increase American military advisers in Vietnam, Lyndon Johnson's decision to increase American forces in Vietnam, Richard Nixon's decision to invade Cambodia, Ronald Reagan's decision to invade Grenada, and George Bush's decision to attack Iraq were studied using the Revised Authoritarianism Questionnaire (RAQ), designed for the study on the basis of earlier field studies using the F-Scale (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and R. N. Sanford, 1950) and the RWA scale (Altemeyer, 1988). The RAQ was used to do a content analysis of writings about the six presidents' decisions to use force in order to determine the degree of authoritarianism in the decision making process. – Theoretical literature on authoritarianism including Wilhelm Reich, Erich FROMM, Max Horkheimer, Abraham Maslow and others was reviewed. Field studies of authoritarianism: the F-Scale (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and R. N. Sanford, 1950), the Authoritarian-Equalitarian Scale (F. Sanford, 1950), and the RWA scale (Altemeyer, 1988) were also reviewed. Precis of writings about the decisions were taken from the writings of the presidents, their aides and advisers, and other sources with first-hand information. Balance was sought among supporters and opponents of each president in the precis. The RAQ is a twelve item scale which assesses directly the factors of authoritarianism. It is scored using a five-point Likert scale. Using the RAQ an overall authoritarianism rating as well as ratings on each of the scale items was obtained for each president studied.
In this paper I reverse the more commonly posed question, how does the analyst's gender affect transference? Instead, I examine the implications of the analyst's view of the organization of transference in the analytic situation for understanding gender-salient transference formation. I suggest that the analyst's viewpoint on the organization of transference is focal in his or her conception of gender-linked transference themes. I demonstrate that even in the context of a shared theoretical outlook, variations in a one-person psychology perspective on transference entail contradictory findings. I discuss a reformulation of transference, utilizing the contribution of self psychology. It demonstrates a combined one-person, two-person psychology view applied to the organization of a two-dimensional transference. Gender-specific, object-related, and selfobject facets of the transference are codetermined by the patient's psychology and the current ongoing analyst-patient interaction. I contrast conceptualizations of gender-salient transference from within a continuum of a one-person psychology and from a combined one and two-person psychology view. I propose that a combined one- and two-person psychology view on the organization of a two-dimensional transference guides a more encompassing understanding of patients’ transference experience of analysts’ gender. In a clinical vignette I illustrate the application and clinical utility of this perspective.
Beyond the inevitability of countertransference feelings is the question of countertransference enactments. From a two-person, participant-observer or observing-participant perspective, enactments are inevitable. The analyst becomes influenced by the patient (and influences the patient as well) and enmeshed in the patient's internalized interpersonal configurations. Analysis works not by avoiding such action but by analyzing from within the interactional system. Analysts who are different from one another become engaged in different ways, since the person of the analyst is a significant variable. This article, using case examples, explores two analyst-related variables, age and family configuration, to expand the examination of countertransference enactments and some effects on the analytic process.
Bericht einer Selbstanalyse
(1993)
An underlying premise of this paper is that human beings actively and purposefully impose meanings on their experiences of psychic injury and that these meanings then have important implications for character development. Specifically, the paper examines how individuals, in defensive reaction to psychic injury, may repress their >impossible-to-fulfill< wishes, only to find those wishes eventually reborn as needs. In this way, a person's oppressive cruelty to his own wishes gives rise to resentment, indignation, and entitlement, which, in turn, fuel the experience of need. While wish implicitly communicates a request to receive from another, need, with its vicissitudes of demand and urgency, may do violence to the free social discourse of giving and receiving. The interpersonal field of give-and-take may be so constrained by the circular compulsivity of mandated giving and entitled needfulness that it is emptied of any spontaneous desire. The differential impact of communicating needs and wishes on the wider social contract – of which psychotherapy is an influential constituent – is then addressed. The paper then discusses how need and entitlement may be manifested in the transference along a passivity-activity dimension and thus illuminate the theme of responsibility for the treatment. Finally, the view of need as an entitled demand for gratification is contrasted with a view of need as a fervent wish for recognition in conjunction with the process of mourning. Mourning is viewed as a process of reintegrating impossible-to-fulfill wishes for >what could have been< and relinquishing the necessity of their fulfillment.
Black Power and Stokely
(1993)
Boa and flowers
(1993)
Action and insight form an essential dialectic within the psychoanalytic process. Yet many recent psychoanalytic formulations, while emphasizing integration, have continued to view psychoanalytic and action-oriented techniques dichotomously. It is reasoned that certain behavioral-cognitive techniques that promote adaptive behavior can become an active part of an in-depth analytic experience, providing material for an exploration that results in new ways not only of relating but also of experiencing the self and others. Such an approach, while at times helpful to certain patients, can be counterproductive for others. An integrative approach is compatible with many recent psychoanalytic frameworks emphasizing a two-person psychology, but not with a one-person vision of the psychoanalytic situation in the two-person view, it is reasoned that an integrative approach is capable of maintaining the integrity of the analytic process. The outlined technique reflects a relational psychoanalytic orientation emphasizing internalized object relations, with the use of action-oriented techniques organized by the superordinate goal of modifying psychic structure, conceptualized principally in terms of self- and object-representations. Reasoning that this approach is congruent with certain theoretical contributions from Gill, Mitchell, Sandier, and especially Wachtel, among others, I state underlying assumptions of the approach, preliminary technical guidelines, and illustrative case material.
Camera Obscura
(1993)
Can the Subaltern Speak?
(1993)
Feelings of loss or abandonment, alternating idealization and disparagement of their wives, envy of their wives, and denial of limits imposed by their own sexual organization are regularly reported in explorations of men's disturbed reactions to their wives’ pregnancies. In women this pattern of reactions, directed by them toward men, has long been understood to reflect little girls’ responses to the recognition of their sex and gender limits. In men it has not been interpreted coordinately as a pattern of reactions to the recognition that the capacity to give birth cannot be theirs because they are male. Freud repeatedly raises this possibility, but he invariably rejects it as incompatible with children's early knowledge and beliefs. He seems implicitly to give it credence but he can find no way to integrate it into his profoundly phallocentric theory of sex and gender development. A differentiation model of gender development (Fast, 1984) suggests that penis envy and envy of women's childbearing capacities are the responses of girls and boys, respectively, to the recognition of their sex and gender limits. For men, the pregnancy of their wives is hypothesized to provide a powerful stimulus for the reemer-gence of sex difference issues. Support for this view is found in both clinical studies and explorations of men's reactions to their wives’ pregnancies in nonclinical populations. Some of these investigations suggest, moreover, that this reemergence offers men opportunities to reengage issues of sex and gender limits and move toward increasingly subtle and sophisticated resolutions of them during the period of their approaching fatherhood.
Class Struggle
(1993)
Class, Status, Party
(1993)