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Verfassungen beschränken den Spielraum zukünftigen Handelns. Durch Selbstbindung schützen sich Akteure, so scheint es, vor sich selbst, d. h. vor den selbstverursachten Handlungsfolgen, die sie sonst zu bedauern hätten und vor denen sie diese Selbstbindung verschont. So gesehen steigern Akteure sogar ihr Handlungspotential,wenn sie sich selbst binden und dadurch, unbeeinträchtigt durch eigene Fehler, weiter handeln und mit anderen Akteuren in eine beiderseits kalkulierbare Kooperation treten können. Dieser wohltätige Zusammenhang von Selbstbindung und Freiheit ist immer schon am klugen Umgang des Odysseus mit den Verlockungen der Sirenen gerühmt worden. Der Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel von Elsters Analyse der postsozialistischen Verfassungspolitik, dass und warum der ve rmeintliche Segen einer kollektiven Selbstbindung bei der Gründung einer ne uen konstitutionellen Ordnung nur sehr bedingt zur Geltung kommt.
This report seeks to examine major changes that occurred in the last 10 years in the UK in the sphere of family policies, or more specifically, the introduction of policies aimed at the reconciliation of working and family life. The changes were addressed from two perspectives. On the one hand, Peter Hall’s concept of three different types of changes in policy – change in levels of existing instruments, changes to the instruments themselves, and changes in policy goals, has been employed, and a conclusion reached that there has been a paradigmatic shift: policy goals themselves changed. Family welfare and reconciliation of work and family life became legitimate policy goals. The other approach was to look at the changes from the perspective of gendered welfare state discussions, and ask the question in what way has the character of the UK gendered welfare state changed – specifically concerning state support for a different division of care and paid labour between men and women? The preliminary conclusion is that new UK policies make a beginning commitment in this respect but fall short of effectively encouraging major change: they do facilitate the reconciliation of work and family for women, but still provide moderate to weak levels of support for the involvement of men in child-rearing.
This paper states that German pension policies have taken a new path. After describing the major characteristics of the German post-war pension system, the paper will analyse the major reforms since 1989 and the way they changed and challenged the main characteristics of the pension system. As a next step, the paper will revise the reforms in several different aspects. Firstly it will argue that the way of decision-making changed: the role of the social partners and of inter-party consensus-building diminished; the actors’ constellation became more pluralistic. Secondly, policy change will be discussed in light of Peter Hall’s concept, concluding that a policy paradigm change took place - incrementally. Thirdly, against the background of Esping- Andersen’s welfare typologies, it will argue that there is an initial shift (especially in ideas) from a conservative pension model towards a liberal one.
Health care reforms carried out in Poland since 1990 have led to the decentralization of ownership and financial and management responsibility of health care establishments; privatization of health care providers; stronger reliance on private expenditure on health care with rising out-of-pocket and informal payments; exclusion of some services from the package of universal health services; and restricted access to some health services in form of waiting lists.1 Even though the official aim of the reforms was to preserve a state guaranteed egalitarian health care system while ensuring optimal use of resources by the introduction of market-type mechanisms, smaller than expected gains in efficiency, together with demographic and technological pressure on health care costs and a political and economic climate unable to significantly increase public spending, resulted in a more privatized and unequal system than intended.2 Hence, the reforms of the health system as part of the general transformation of the economy and the welfare state illustrate a shift towards a hybrid “post-communist European type”3 of welfare state which has inherited some features of the socialist regime, but is increasingly shaped by liberal ideas.
The Future of Labour
(2010)
The world of labour has undergone tremendous changes throughout the last years. Globalisation, de-industrialisation and the constant change of labour environments are posing challenges to labour markets. Schlossplatz3 discusses a number of these challenges and will show different angles of how "The Future of Labour" can be incorporated in policy discourse and policy-making.
Crisis
(2009)
Crisis as an omnipresent part of our daily lives has become engrained in our mindsets. We should, however, not resort to apathy, but instead attempt to differentiate between those issues sold to us as crises. The new Schlossplatz³ issue shows how crises are managed in various examples and how they can serve as instances of learning.