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Cooperative Starting Intention Detection of Cyclists based on Smart Devices and Infrastructure
(2017)
An integrated arrangement of field coils for on-chip self-calibration is presented. Routine tests for 3D Hall sensors are very complex and need special test hardware to generate a well-defined three-dimensional magnetic field. In combination with a high voltage current source, the integrated arrangement allows the generation of local magnetic fields up to 2 mT. In spite of process variations, the error of each coil's magnetic flux density is less than 1%. Magnetic tests can be done on-chip without need for additional external test equipment. Additionally, a low power mode allows for validity checks and online calibrations during measurements with a small magnetic flux density of 0:2 mT.
This article proposes and demonstrates a robust microstructure-based fiber-to-chip coupling scheme for planar Bragg grating devices. A polymer planar Bragg grating substrate is manufactured and microstructured by means of a micromilling process, while the respective photonic structures are generated by employing a sophisticated single-writing UV-exposure method. A stripped standard single mode fiber is inserted into the microstructure, which is filled with a UV-curable adhesive, and aligned with the integrated waveguide. After curing, final sensor assembly and thermal treatment, the proposed coupling scheme is capable of withstanding pressures up to 10 bar, at room temperature, and pressures up to 7.5 bar at an elevated temperature of 120 °C. Additionally, the coupling scheme is exceedingly robust towards tensile forces, limited only by the tensile strength of the employed single mode fiber. Due to its outstanding robustness, the coupling scheme enables the application of planar Bragg grating devices in harsh environments. This fact is underlined by integrating a microstructure-coupled photonic device into the center of a commercial-grade carbon fiber-reinforced polymer specimen. After its integration, the polymer-based Bragg grating sensor still exhibits a reflection peak with a dynamic range of 24 dB, and can thus be employed for sensing purposes.
We report on femtosecond laser direct writing of electrically conductive copper structures on transparent cyclic olefin copolymer based planar optical chips. The process is based on a laser-induced reduction of CuO nanoparticles dissolved in a water-soluble resin. Thus generated conductive copper structures are characterized with respect to their chemical composition and electrical resistivity. In addition, the application of ultrashort laser pulses enables a hybrid micromachining approach comprising ablation of polymer substrates and the fabrication of copper patterns in a single laser processing setup. A possible electro-optical application of this approach is demonstrated by employing the copper structures as an electro-thermal microheater in combination with a polymer planar optical Bragg grating sensor. This, in turn, highlights the potential of generating copious micro-opto-electro-mechanical polymer structures for numerous sensing applications ranging from Lab-on-Chip to environmental applications using the presented hybrid micromachining approach.
We report on a femtosecond laser based fabrication technique that enables simultaneous single-step generation of optical waveguides and Bragg gratings inside bulk cyclic olefin copolymers. Due to the nonlinear absorption of focused and spatially modulated laser radiation with a wavelength of 514 nm and a pulse duration of 450 fs, a modification concluding a refractive index shift increase inside the substrate can be achieved. A sophisticated characterization of the generated waveguides by means of an elaborate cut-back method reveals a maximum attenuation of 3.2 dB/cm. Additionally, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to examine the waveguide’s refractive index profile. The integrated Bragg grating structures exhibit reflectivities up to 95 % and a spectral full width at half maximum of 288 pm, at a Bragg wavelength of 1582 nm, whereas the grating period can be deliberately chosen by adapting the fabrication parameters. Thus, due to its increased flexibility and the resulting dispensability of cost-intensive phase masks, this method constitutes an especially promising fabrication process for polymer Bragg gratings inside of bulk materials.
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is a spatially resolved analytical tool for biological tissue
analysis by measuring mass-to-charge ratios of ionized molecules. With increasing spatial and mass resolution of
MALDI MSI data, appropriate data analysis and interpretation is getting more and more challenging. A reliable
separation of important peaks from noise (aka peak detection) is a prerequisite for many subsequent processing
steps and should be as accurate as possible. We propose a novel peak detection algorithm based on sparse frame
multipliers, which can be applied to raw MALDI MSI data without prior preprocessing. The accuracy is evaluated
on a simulated data set in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms. These results also show the proposed
method's robustness to baseline and noise effects. In addition, the method is evaluated on real MALDI-TOF data
sets, whereby spatial information can be included in the peak picking process.
Significance: The field of proteomics, in particular MALDI Imaging, encompasses huge amounts of data. The
processing and preprocessing of this data in order to segment or classify spatial structures of certain peptides or
isotope patterns can hence be cumbersome and includes several independent processing steps. In this work, we
propose a simple peak-picking algorithm to quickly analyze large raw MALDI Imaging data sets, which has a
better sensitivity than current state-of-the-art algorithms. Further, it is possible to get an overall overview of the
entire data set showing the most significant and spatially localized peptide structures and, hence, contributes all
data driven evaluation of MALDI Imaging data.
Das Thema „Digitaler Wandel“ ist umfassend und vielfältig. Entsprechend bedarf es der multiperspektivischen Erörterung, was die Leitung des Information Management Instituts (IMI) dazu motivierte, das Format einer Ringvorlesung an der TH Aschaffenburg anzugehen. Damit ist es im Wintersemester 2019/2020 gelungen, ein ganzes Portfolio von Sichtweisen über das Themengebiet darzulegen. Neben Professoren der TH Aschaffenburg waren auch externe Referenten involviert. Die Ringvorlesung war sowohl Studierenden der Hochschule, im Rahmen eines Wahlfachs, als auch der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Für den Hochschulstandort Aschaffenburg war dies die erste Ringvorlesung.
Der vorliegende Text basiert einerseits auf den Ergebnissen von studentischen Arbeiten, welche im Sommersemester 2018 und im Wintersemester 2018/2019 am IMI erstellt wurden. Weiter trafen sich die Autoren Prof. Dr. Georg Rainer Hofmann und Meike Schumacher (beide TH Aschaffenburg) über ein Jahr ca. alle zwei Monate zu jeweils zweistündigen Gesprächen mit Vertretern der KAB (Herr Joachim Schmitt, Herr Peter Hartlaub) und der IG Metall (Herr Percy Scheidler, Frau Manuela Lüft, Herr Simon Kruppa), sowie Herr Rudi Grossmann, ehemaliger Kreisvorsitzender des Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes (DGB), der auch Mitglied der KAB ist. Es wurden in diesen Gesprächen eine Vielzahl von Erkenntnissen und Perspektiven zum Thema der „Neuen Arbeitswelt“ identifiziert. Frau Lucia Falkenberg, Chief People Officer (CPO) und Leiterin der Kompetenzgruppe New Work des eco – Verband der Internetwirtschaft e. V. vertritt in der vorliegenden Studie die Perspektive der Arbeitgeber in der Digitalen Transformation (Kap. 2.4); die Arbeitgeber haben das Problem der hinreichenden Attraktivität ihrer Unternehmen bei der Gewinnung qualifizierter Fachkräfte zu gegenwärtigen.
Die Beteiligten fanden diese neuen Aspekte – insbesondere weil sie aus verschiedenen Bereichen des Bemühens um eine Humanisierung der Arbeitswelt stammen – einer Dokumentation wert. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Ausarbeitung – als Diskussionsangebot und -beitrag – vorgenommen, in die sowohl die veränderten Rahmenbedingungen der Arbeitswelt, als auch einige Überlegungen zu politischen Handlungsoptionen geflossen sind.
Einsatz derivativer instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte
(2017)
Die aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt sind ineffizient und teuer, gleichzeitig schädigen sie den bestehenden Markt. Mittels der Kombi-nation fluktuierender und regelbarer erneuerbarer Energien in Kombikraftwerken und der Ver-marktung der Leistung als Derivat am Terminmarkt kann der Spotmarkt entlastet werden. In der Folge reduziert sich die EEG-Umlage und erneuerbare Energien können als gesicherte Leistung im Markt zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Im folgenden Beitrag soll ein organisatorischer Ansatz für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in den Strommarkt aufgezeigt werden, der den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien unter marktwirt-schaftlichen Aspekten ermöglicht, die Versorgungssicherheit gewährleistet und dem bestehenden Kraftwerkspark einen geordneten Umbau hin zu einem flexiblen System ermöglicht.
(2) (PDF) Einsatz derivativer Instrumente für die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in bestehende Strommärkte. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317580615_Einsatz_derivativer_Instrumente_fur_die_Integration_erneuerbarer_Energien_in_bestehende_Strommarkte.
The burden of excess energy from the high renewable energy sources (RES) share creates a significant reduction of residual load for the future, resulting in reduced market prices. The higher the share of stochastic RES, the more often the price will be 0 €/MWh. The power market needs new methods to solve these problems. The development of virtual power plants (VPPs) is aimed at solving techno-economic problems with an increasing share of RES in the power market. This study analyses a possible implementation of stochastic and deterministic RES in a VPP to generate secured power, which can be implemented in the European Power Exchange (EPEX)/European Energy Exchange (EEX) power market using existing market products. In this study, the optimal economic VPP configuration for an RES-based power plant is investigated and implemented into standard power market products. The results show that the optimal economic VPP configuration for different market products varies, depending on the energy availability and the marginal costs of the VPP components. The size of the VPP components is positively correlated to the components’ share of the energy generated. It was also found that projecting or implementing VPPs in Germany at current market prices (EPEX/EEX prices) is not yet economically feasible for a small share of market products. However, the secured power can be marketed on the SPOT and in the futures market with higher and more stable prices compared with the status quo.