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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (138)
The spectroscopic properties of 1-phenyl-3-benzothiazol-2-yl-5-(4-R-phenyl)-2-pyrazolines are strongly dependent on both the electronic nature of the substituent R and solvent polarity. As revealed by spectroscopic studies as a function of solvent polarity as well as temperature, for electron-rich amino donor substituents in polar solvents, deactivation of the strongly emissive charge transfer (CT) state of the basic 1-phenyl-3-benzothiazol-2-yl-2-pyrazoline chromophore has to compete with a fast intramolecular electron transfer (ET) quenching reaction. In the case of the dimethylamino derivative (R = DMA), the rate constant of ET in acetonitrile was determined to ket = 3 × 1010 s-1. This ET process can be utilized for metal ion sensing by introducing nitrogen containing aza crown ether receptor units to the 4-position of the 5-phenyl group. The spectroscopically determined ET rates of the 5-(N-alkyl)anilino substituents, a DMA, a tetrathia- (AT415C5), and a tetraoxa-monoaza-15-crown-5 (A15C5) group, correlate with electrochemical data and increase in the order AT415C5 < A15C5 < DMA. The metal ion sensing abilities of the two crowned derivatives are presented, and the different signaling mechanisms include binding to the crown ether in the 4-R-position, chelate formation in the 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-2-pyrazoline moiety, and electrophotochemical detection. Furthermore, the rigid "pseudo spiro" geometry of the molecules, which holds the three substituents of the central 2-pyrazoline ring in a fixed prearrangement, was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis.
Vernetzen statt Verglasen
(2000)
In processing fibre-reinforced composites, the curing reaction can be significantly retarded if the temperature and reaction time are not optimally set. In such situations, complete curing is sometimes impossible under practically relevant conditions. It is difficult for processors to recognize or detect incomplete curing. The equilibrium glass transition temperature plays an important role in complete curing in the production process.
Die UN-Konferenz für Umwelt und Entwicklung (UNCED) im Juni 1992 in Rio de Janeiro hat mit Kapitel 19 der Agenda 21 zur weltweiten Verwirklichung eines umweltverträglichen Umgangs mit toxischen (gefährlichen) Chemikalien unter anderem die globale Harmonisierung der Einstufung und Kennzeichnung gefährlicher Stoffe und Güter bis zum Jahr 2000 beschlossen. Dieses Ziel scheint unter dem Stichwort »globale Harmonisierung« in greifbare Nähe gerückt zu sein, ohne dass - bis auf den vergleichsweise kleinen Kreis der unmittelbar Beteiligten - bekannt ist, was im einzelnen geschehen ist bzw. noch geschieht, was unter Harmonisierung in diesem Kontext zu verstehen ist und welche Konsequenzen zu erwarten sind, wenn das ehrgeizige Ziel schließlich erreicht ist. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird versucht, einem offensichtlichen Informationsdefizit zumindest teilweise abzuhelfen.
The Current Status and Effects of Global Harmonization of the Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Goods and Materials
In Chapter 19 of Agenda 21 regarding the worldwide environmentally sound management of toxic (dangerous) chemicals the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro agreed to adopt - amongst others - the global harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals by the year 2000. Under the name of »global harmonization« this programme has made considerable progress, but it is not generally known in detail - except by those directly involved - what has happened, and what will still happen, what harmonization in this context means, and what the consequences will be when this ambitious goal is finally reached. The submitted contribution attempts as far as possible to overcome this information deficit.
Investigations on hydrogen-induced embrittlement of quenched and tempered prestressing steels
(2000)
In Germany in recent years failures of more than 30-year-old prestressed concrete structures have been observed. In all these cases a quenched and tempered steel type, strength class St. 1420/1570 was used. In order to assess the corrosion risk, i.e. crack initiation and propagation, under depassivating conditions lifetime tests in environments relevant for building practice were carried out using different prestressing steels of this quenched and tempered type of material.
From the results it can be concluded that the specific susceptibility of certain prestressing steels is the determining factor with respect to the occurrence of cracks rather than environmental factors.
Translated Abstract
Untersuchungen zum wasserstoffinduzierten Sprödbruch vergüteter Spannstähle
In den letzten Jahren ist es verschiedentlich zu Schadensfällen von Spannbetonbauteilen gekommen, bei denen vergüteter Spannstahl der Festigkeitsklasse St 1420/1570 eingesetzt war. Durch systematische Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Typen dieser Stahlsorte sollte geklärt werden, ob unter depassivierenden Bedingungen Rißeinleitung und -ausbreitung unter praxisnahen Verhältnissen zu erwarten ist.
Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen lassen folgern, daß die spezifische Anfälligkeit des Spannstahls für das Auftreten von Rissen einen wesentlich höheren Einfluß besitzt als die elektrolytseitigen Parameter, da sich die verschiedenen Stähle auch bei vergleichbaren Korrosionsangriffen unterschiedlich verhalten.
Ultrashort pulse laser microstructuring (pulse duration 130 fs, wavelength 800 nm, repetition rate 2 Hz) of titanium nitride (TiN) films on silicon substrates was performed in air using the direct focusing technique. The lateral and vertical precision of laser ablation was evaluated. The TiN ablation threshold changed with the number of pulses applied to the surface due to an incubation effect. An ablation depth per pulse below the penetration depth of light was observed. Columnar structures were formed in the silicon substrate after drilling through the TiN layer.