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- Wasserstoffspeicherung (2) (entfernen)
Charakterisierung von Glas-Polymer Verbundmaterialien fur die Hochdruckspeicherung von Wasserstoff
(2017)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Glaskapillaren und Strukturen aus Borosilikatglas (Simax) f¨ur die Hochdruckspeicherung von Wasserstoff betrachtet. Um die mechanischen Belastungen zu analysieren und anschließend ein optimiertes Speicherdesign abzuleiten, findet die Finite Element Methode (FEM) Einsatz.
Die notwendigen Materialkennwerte werden zuvor experimentell ermittelt. Dazu geh¨oren die Festigkeit, die Schubfestigkeit der Grenzfl¨ache Klebung/Glas, der Wasserstoffpermeationskoeffizient, das Temperatur-Zeit-abh¨angige Verhalten, sowie die obere Temperatureinsatzgrenze.
Die Glasfestigkeit ist stark abh¨angig von der Oberfl¨acheng¨ute. Daher werden in dieser Arbeit Kapillaren selber gezogen und beschichtet. Der Einfluss auf die Festigkeit wird mit Hilfe von Berstversuchen untersucht. Die eingesetzten Polymere werden zus¨atzlich mit dem Push-out Versuch, der dynamisch mechanischen Analyse und der Permeationsmessung charakterisiert.
Dar¨uber hinaus wird aus den DMA Versuchen ein viskoelastisches Materialmodell abgeleitet, womit der Temperatur- und Zeiteinfluss auf die mechanische Belastung simuliert wird.
Unter Beachtung der experimentell gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, sowie der durchgef¨uhrten Simulation ist es m¨oglich, ein optimiertes Speicherdesign zu erstellen und Aussagen ¨uber die Einsatzgrenzen zu treffen.
Glass has different outstanding material-specific properties which offer theoretically the application of thin-walled hollow fibers in the field of high pressure gas storage. Especially the storage of hydrogen as renewable and environmental friendly energy carrier is possible. Glass is an amorphous material which is characterized by a theoretical tensile strength much higher than this of other materials. However, in practice the tensile strength is decreased significantly by defects on the glass surface or in the material and its network structure. As part of this thesis the burst pressures of hollow glass fibers were determined. The burst pressure correlates very well with the tensile strength of hollow glass fibers. By using the Weibull statistic the results of different test series were evaluated in respect to failure probabilities and compared to each other. Thereby the influence of various parameters on the pressure resistance was investigated. Beside the influence of the chemical composition of the material the aging by environmental and their effect on the pressure resistance was investigated. Additionally hollow glass fibers were loaded dynamically and statically with different gases. Afterwards the burst pressure was determined and the effect of used gas on the pressure resistance could be determined as well as the impact of method and duration of loading. A further influence of the dimension of hollow glass fibers on their resistance against inner pressure load is the ratio between wall thickness and inner diameter which was investigated as well as the combination of different glasses and the utilization of their disparate coefficient of thermal expansion which lead to prestressing of the hollow glass fiber. Finally, the impact of the variation of several production parameters on the pressure resistance was determined experimentally as like as the influence of surface coatings. These shall protect the glass surface from subsequently procured defects and, hence, increase the pressure resistance. As essential part of current thesis the defect analysis of test samples of various series was done whereby the differentiation between material and production dependent defects was important. Not only a light microscope but a scanning electron microscope was used for the investigation, as well. Beside volume defects like bubbles or inclusions surface defects in the form of scratches or spalling can be detected and observed. A calculation of the failure-causing defect size from measured burst pressure is possible. Dependent on the dimension and determined burst pressure value of each single fiber defect sizes of less than one micron were calculated. Particularly the geometry of the test samples inappropriate for many examination methods and the fact that the calculated defect size occurs only under loaded conditions at actual burst pressure the local detection of corresponding defect rendered impossible. In the end, the present thesis shows the pressure resistance of hollow glass fibers and their potential to store safely gases under high pressure.