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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (343) (entfernen)
The study deals with the influence of the heat input on the thermal cycles and Charpy impact toughness for hybrid laser-arc welding of 25 mm thick structural steel S355J2 using a 20-kW high-power laser in combination with an electromagnetic weld pool support. The main focus is on the change of the mechanical properties over the entire seam thickness. The cooling times were measured using a pyrometer in combination with an optical fibre in three different locations near to fusion lines corresponding to different heights of the seam. Also, Charpy impact specimens were taken from different parts of the weld joint corresponding to the different heights. The influence of the heat input was investigated for 1.8 kJ mm-1 and 3.2 kJ mm-1. Despite the observed decreased values of both t8/5-cooling time and the Charpy impact toughness in the root part of the seam, the required values could be reached in dependance on applied heat input.
It is already known that the laser beam welding (LBW) or hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) processes are sensitive to manufacturing tolerances such as gaps and misalignment of the edges, especially at welding of thick-walled steels due to its narrow beam diameter. Therefore, the joining parts preferably have to be milled. The study deals with the influence of the edge quality, the gap and the misalignment of edges on the weld seam quality of hybrid laser-arc welded 20 mm thick structural steel plates which were prepared by laser and plasma-cutting. Single-pass welds were conducted in butt-joint configuration. An AC magnet was used as a contactless backing. It was positioned under the workpiece during the welding process to prevent sagging. The profile of the edges and the gap between the workpieces were measured before welding by a profile scanner or a digital camera, respectively. With a laser beam power of just 13.7 kW, the single-pass welds could be performed. A gap bridgeability up to 1 mm at laser-cut and 2 mm at plasma-cut samples could be reached respectively. Furthermore, a misalignment of the edges up to 2 mm could be welded in a single-pass. The new findings may eliminate the need for cost and time-consuming preparation of the edges.
-Elektromagnetische Schmelzbadstütze wurde beim
Laserhybridschweißen von Dickblechen erfolgreich zur
Unterdrückung der Tropfenbildung eingesetzt
-Auch bei „schlechteren“ Kantenqualitäten konnten einlagige
Schweißnähte mit hoher Qualität erzielt werden
-Spaltüberbrückbarkeit bis zu 2 mm (bei plasmageschnittenen
Proben) konnte gewährleistet werden
-Homogenere Verteilung des Zusatzwerkstoffes wurde erzielt
This presentation shows some experimental results of the characterization of the creep behavior of LPBF 316L, which has been poorly studied and understood to date. The presentation includes results regarding the mechanical properties, the initial microstructural state and its evolution under loading, and the damage mechanism. This work was done within the BAM focus area materials project AGIL. As a benchmark to assess the material properties of the LPBF 316L, a conventionally manufactured variant was also tested.
During an extensive test programme at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung, material property changes of EPDM O-rings were investigated at different ageing times and an ageing temperature of 125 °C. To exclude possible diffusion limited oxidation (DLO) effects that can distort the data, IRHD micro hardness measurements were performed over the cross-section of compressed O-rings. Continuous stress relaxation measurements were conducted on samples free of DLO effects. The additional effect of physical processes to irreversible chemical ones during a long-term thermal exposure is quantified by the analysis of compression set measurements under various test conditions. By combining the different experimental methods, characteristic times relative to the degradation processes were determined. On the basis of experimental data, a microphysically motivated model that takes into account reversible and irreversible processes was developed. The parameter identification strategy of the material model is based on our experimental investigations on homogeneously aged elastomer O-rings. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experiments.
The main task of the division "Safety of Storage Containers" at BAM is the safety assessment of storage containers for radioactive waste. A sufficient sealing of bolted lid systems for the safe containment of the waste for transport, storage and disposal is very important. Extensive knowledge of the change of the elastomer’s properties during ageing and the availability of reliable end-of-lifetime criteria is mandatory to guarantee long term safe enclosure.
In a long-term test programme over 5 years we have studied the degradation and the change of sealing properties of several elastomers, including EPDM, at four different ageing temperatures (75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C). Compression stress relaxation (CSR) and compression set (CS) experiments were carried out. It has been found that when the data does not cover a sufficient time frame necessary for the evolution of the degradation of a chosen property, a curvature in the Arrhenius relationship is observed. For CSR, the curvature was observed for samples aged up to 186 days. As for CS experiments, the curvature was detected for sample aged up to 2 years. To cover the possible lack of experimental long-term data at low temperatures, a numerical model for CSR was developed and longer ageing times for the simulation were adopted. A degradation-rate based model for the evolution of degradative processes is proposed. The main advantage of the model is the possibility to quickly validate the interpolation at lower temperatures within the range of slower chemical processes without forcing an Arrhenius straight-line extrapolation. The model was also applied to CS experiments and validated by the 5 years experimental results where the curvature was gone, and the degradation property has followed an Arrhenius relationship. In the figure the contribution of the two degradative processes are shown over CS and CSR respectively.
Extended X-Ray absorption fine structure (exafs) to study local constitution of high-entropy alloys
(2021)
Modern design of superior multi-functional alloys composed of several principal components requires in-depth studies of their local structure for developing desired macroscopic properties. Herein, peculiarities of atomic arrangements on the local scale and electronic states of constituent elements in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)- and body-centered cubic (bcc)-structured high-entropy Alx-CrFeCoNi alloys (x = 0.3 and 3, respectively) are explored by element-specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy in hard and soft X-ray energy ranges. Simulations based on the reverse Monte Carlo approach allow to perform a simultaneous fit of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra recorded at K absorption edges of each 3d constituent and to reconstruct the local environment within the first coordination shells of absorbers with high precision.
Detailed study of multicomponent systems in solid-state as well as in solution using X-ray diffraction and X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most common topics in modern materials chemistry. 5-6 component high-entropy alloys such as fcc- and bcc-structured AlxCoCrFeNi and fluorescent nanoparticles based on fluorite-structured SrF2 doped by rare-earth metals in organic solutions have high complexity and their local structure cannot be resolved using only diffraction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy should be applied to understand peculiarities in their local structure and make a link between structure on short and long ranges and their macroscopic properties. Here, based on two representativee examples, we discuss how a combination of several X-ray absorption edges might give new insights into complex materials.
BAM line is multipurpose high-energy beamline. To extend studies of multicomponent alloys using EXAFS we perform own research and user experiments requiring multiedge spectroscopy, high-temperature and chemically aggressive sample environments. Our study of multicomponent alloys and high-entropy alloys open new perspectives in understanding their reactivity, corrosion, phase transformations and local ordering.
Eisenaluminide eignen sich als Werkstoff für sicherheitsrelevante Komponenten welche hohen thermischen, mechanischen und korrosiven Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Mit ihrer geringen Dichte und der kostengünstigen Verfügbarkeit der Legierungsbestandteile bieten sie ein hohes Marktpotenzial und eignen sich als Substitutionswerkstoff konventioneller Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe. Durch die Verwendung von Dauerformen im Kokillenguss lassen sich FeAl-Bauteile bereits äußerst wirtschaftlich herstellen. Das dabei entstehende komplexe, mehrphasige, sehr feinkörnige Gefüge mit harten Ausscheidungen und hohen Festigkeiten erschwert jedoch eine nachfolgende spanende Bearbeitung mit hohen Belastungen auf Werkzeug und Bauteiloberfläche. Um eine gesamtheitlich wirtschaftliche Herstellungsroute zu ermöglichen, sollen im Hinblick auf die erschwerte Zerspanbarkeit geeignete Werkzeuge und Fräsprozesse entwickelt werden. Durch die Verwendung des hybriden Bearbeitungsverfahrens des ultraschallunterstützten Fräsens können diese Ziele unter Einhaltung der hohen Anforderung an die Oberflächenintegrität sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteile erreicht werden.