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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (429)
Dieses Dokument fasst den Projekfortschritt des BAM-Projektes "Ermittlung geeigneter Wärmeführungen zur Wasserstoffreduktion beim Schweißen höherfester Feinkornbaustähle mit modifiziertem Sprühlichtbogen" im Rahmen des Fachausschusses 1 "Schweißmetallurgie & Werkstoffverhalten" des DVS e. V. zusammen.
Um den wachsenden Anforderungen nach Leichtbau und Ressourceneffizienz im Kran-, Nutzfahrzeug- und Brückenbau gerecht zu werden, kommen in diesen Industriebranchen vermehrt hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle mit Streckgrenzen von mehr als 690 MPa zum Einsatz. Allerdings erfordern diese Stähle bei der schweißtechnischen Verarbeitung äußerste Sorgfalt, weil gerade die Sensibilität gegenüber einer Degradation der mechanischen Eigenschaften, durch den im Lichtbogen aufgenommenen Wasserstoff, mit steigender Festigkeit signifikant zunimmt und zur wasserstoffunterstützten Kaltrissbildung führen kann. In diesem Vortrag werden Ergebnisse vorgestellt, die den Einfluss von Kontaktrohrabstand, Drahtvorschub sowie Schweißspannung auf den Wasserstoffeintrag in Ein- und Mehrlagenschweißungen aus hochfestem Feinkornbaustahl zeigen. Dabei wird der konventionelle Lichtbogen mit dem modernen modifizierten Sprühlichtbogen verglichen. Ziel ist es, durch geeignete Wärmeführungen die Wasserstoffkonzentration in Schweißverbindungen zu reduzieren, um somit die Gefahr einer wasserstoffunterstützten Kaltrissbildung zu minimieren.
Die BAM-Liste - Anforderungen an Tanks für die Beförderung gefährlicher Güter – mit den Beständigkeitsbewertungen metallischer und polymerer Werkstoffe ist Grundlage für die stoffbezogenen Baumusterzulassungen für Tankcontainer und ortsbewegliche Tanks zur Beförderung gefährlicher Güter durch die BAM seit der Herausgabe der 1. Auflage 1989. Diese Beständigkeitsbewertungen werden nicht nur bundesweit, sondern weltweit als Erkenntnisquelle genutzt. Für die Zulassung von Kesselwagen und Tankfahrzeugen werden diese Daten auch herangezogen. Die Werkstoffbeständigkeitsdaten und der damit verbundene Informationsservice der BAM haben mit Sicherheit dazu beigetragen, Leckagen von Tanks aufgrund des Einsatzes von Tanks/Kesselwagen aus einem gegenüber dem Füllgut unbeständigem Tankwerkstoff oder Dichtungswerkstoff zu vermeiden.
Interlaboratory comparison: optical property classification of carbon-based films by ellipsometry
(2017)
The paper addresses the “INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON: OPTICAL PROPERTY CLASSIFICATION OF CARBON-BASED FILMS BY ELLIPSOMETRY” and the following points are discussed in more detail: Established classification for mechanical properties, Complementary classification for optical properties, Ellipsometry for determination of optical constants n-k plane as material fingerprint, Samples, participants & set-ups (samples: Japan, participants: Japan, Germany, France, set-ups: Japan, Germany, USA) and Results of interlaboratory comparison: thickness, n & k.
Easy to handle and stretchable polymer optical fibres for sensor applications
Basic idea of stimulated Brillouin scattering
Brillouin threshold for PMMA-POF and PFGI-POF in comparison
Sensorial behavior of Brillouin scattering in PFGI-POF and silica SMF
Basics and classification of distributed Brillouin sensing methods
Basic idea of dynamic Brillouin sensing
Ein neuer Ansatz bei elektrochemischen Korrosionsuntersuchungen kann durch den Einsatz von gelartigen Elektrolyten als Alternative zu wässrigen Prüfelektrolyten beschritten werden. Gelartige Elektrolyte ermöglichen minimalinvasive Untersuchungen an natürlich gebildeten Zinkdeckschichten. Dadurch können korrosionsrelevante Kennwerte ermittelt werden, die Aussagen zur Deckschichtbildung und zur Stabilität der gebildeten Deckschichten unter verschiedenen klimatischen Bedingungen erlauben. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand verschiedener Deckschichtzustände an Zink der Mehrwert von Untersuchungen mit gelartigen Elektrolyten für die Korrosionsforschung verdeutlicht.
In-situ ED-XRD und Radiographie während eines Zugversuchs an wasserstoffbeladenem Supermartensit
(2017)
Die Ergebnisse von in-situ Experimenten am Berliner Elektronenspeicherring (BESSY II) werden vorgestellt. Es wurden Zugversuche an wasserstoffbeladenen und wasserstofffreien supermartensitischen Proben durchgeführt und Diffraktionsspektren und radiographische Bilder aufgenommen. Die energiedispersive Röntgendiffraktion ermöglichte dabei die dehnungsinduzierte Phasenumwandlung von Restaustenit zu Martensit in-situ zu beobachten. Die Radiographiebilder der zerreisenden Probe gaben Einblicke in das Bruchverhalten in Abhängigkeit vom Wasserstoffgehalt des Supermartensits.
Im deutschen Bundesautobahnnetz treten vor allem an den vor 2005 errichteten Betonfahrbahndecken vermehrt Schäden auf, die mit einer AKR in Verbindung gebracht werden. Sie äußern sich zunächst in einer Dunkelfärbung in den Fugenbereichen der Betonfahrbahndecke. Oft wird diese Erscheinung von einer von der Fuge ausgehenden horizontalen Rissbildung parallel zur Fahrbahnoberfläche begleitet. Durch den Einsatz der NMR-Technik konnte erstmals zerstörungsfrei der erhöhte Feuchtegehalt in der Betonrandzone als Ursache für diese Erscheinung nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich durchgeführte Radaruntersuchungen und Darr-Wäge-Versuche zeigten, dass die erhöhte Durchfeuchtung in der Betonrandzone in der Regel den gesamten Fahrbahnquerschnitt erfasst. Weiterhin wurde aufgezeigt, dass vor allem die akustischen Verfahren eine zerstörungsfreie Detektion der von der Fuge ausgehenden lateralen Ausdehnung der oberen Rissebene in die Fahrbahnplatte ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zum Impakt-Echo-Verfahren erlaubt das Ultraschall-Echo-Verfahren zusätzlich die Ermittlung der Tiefenlage der oberen Rissebene. Es wird eine weitere Ertüchtigung der akustischen Verfahren für die Strukturaufklärung in Betonfahrbahndecken angeregt.
The reinforcement of concrete with polymer fibers provides resistance to crack formation. The orientation distribution of these fibers has a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the material. To optimize material performance, micromechanical models that are capable of making accurate predictions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials are needed. These models must be calibrated using experimental results from microstructural characterization. For the fiber orientation distribution analysis in the present study, computed tomography (CT) data were used to evaluate the properties of a fiber-reinforced cement mortar. The results have indicated that the fibers in this material have highly anisotropic orientation characteristics and that there is a clear tendency for the polymer fibers to agglomerate during mixing and casting. The incorporation of this experimental data into micromechanical models will increase the accuracy of those models for material simulation and optimization.
Shock tube systems are non-electric explosive fuses employed in blasting and demolition applications to trigger the detonation of explosive charges. Their working principle is based on the explosive reaction of a fine powder on the tubing´s inner surface, generating a percussive wave travelling at a velocity of 2,100 m/s along the length of the tube, without destroying it. One of the key aspects of the manufacturing process of these shock tubes is the size and morphology of the explosive powder grains and their distribution on the inner wall of the tube, in order to propagate the shockwave efficiently and reliably. For the first time, synchrotron X-ray computed tomography has been used to characterize non-destructively the explosive powder grains, typically Al/HMX between 10 and 20 μm in size, in terms of morphology and 3D distribution but also to characterise the presence and location of defects within the shock tube walls.
Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen Projektaktivitäten im BAM-Fachbereich 6.4 Technologien mit Nanowerkstoffen. Der Einsatz von Femtosekunden-Laserpulsen zur Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung, für Prozessschritte in der Photovoltaik und zur Reinigung und Dekontamination von Oberflächen wird beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden Laser-Zerstörschwellenmessungen erläutert.
Photoluminescence techniques are amongst the most widely used tools in the life sciences, with new and exciting applications in medical diagnostics and molecular imaging continuously emerging. Advantages include their comparative ease of use, unique sensitivity, non-invasive character, and potential for multiplexing, remote sensing, and miniaturization. General drawbacks are, however, signals, that contain unwanted wavelength- and polarization contributions from instrument-dependent effects, which are also time-dependent due to aging of instrument-components, and difficulties to measure absolute fluorescence intensities. Moreover, scattering systems require special measurement geometries and the interest in new optical reporters with emission > 1000 nm strategies for reliable measurements in the second diagnostic for the comparison of material performance and the rational design of new fluorophores with improved properties.
Here, we present strategies to versatile method-adaptable liquid and solid fluorescence standards for different fluorescence parameters including traceable instrument calibration procedures and the design of integrating sphere setups for the absolute measurement of emission spectra and quantum yields in the wavelength region of 350 to 1600 nm. Examples are multi-emitter glasses, spectral fluorescence standards, and quantum yield standards for the UV/vis/NIR
Lanthanide-doped up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising reporters for medical diagnostics and bioimaging, which are excited in the near infrared (NIR) by multiphoton absorption processes, and show multiple narrow emission bands in the visible (vis) and NIR, long luminescence lifetimes in the μs range, and excellent photostability. Current limitations present their relative low absorption cross sections and low fluorescence efficiencies, with the latter being affected by particle size, surface chemistry, and microenvironment, particularly water.
Here, we present results from systematic studies of the excitation power density dependent upconversion luminescence spectra, intensities/intensity ratios of the individual emission bands, slope factors, and quantum yields of UCNPs of varying size, dopant concentration, and surface chemistry in different microenvironments as well as the up- and downconversion luminescence decay kinetics of the different emission bands. Moreover, first studies of the energy transfer from UCNPs to surface-bound organic dyes acting as fluorescence acceptors are shown. Based upon these measurements, fluorescence deactivation channels are identified and spectroscopic parameters for the screening of material performance are derived.
Lanthanide-doped up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising reporters for medical diagnostics and bioimaging. Current limitations present their relative low absorption cross sections and low fluorescence efficiencies, with the latter being affected by particle size, surface chemistry, and microenvironment, particularly water.
Here, we present results from systematic studies of the excitation power density dependent upconversion luminescence spectra, intensities/intensity ratios of the individual emission bands, slope factors, and quantum yields of UCNPs of varying size, dopant concentration, and surface chemistry in different microenvironments as well as the up- and downconversion luminescence decay kinetics of the different emission bands. Moreover, first studies of the energy transfer from UCNPs to surface-bound organic dyes acting as fluorescence acceptors are shown. Based upon these measurements, fluorescence deactivation channels are identified and spectroscopic parameters for the screening of material performance are derived.
Der Vortrag widmet sich der Validierung der Verbundfestigkeit von optischen Schicht-/Substrat-systemen mittels Zentrifugentechnologie und diskutiert Versagensbilder und gemessene Werte der Verbundfestigkeit ausgewählter feinoptischer bzw. ophtalmischer Schichten in Abhängigkeit von den plasto-elastischen Eigenschaften und der Dicke der Substrate.
A laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was combined with the Gas Tungsten Arc (TIG) Welding process for the in situ monitoring of chemical compositions in austenitic stainless steels during welding. The purpose of this project is to develop a prototype of an online chemical composition control system for welding applications. One of the use cases of this new LIBS-based measurement system can be the controlling of potentially dangerous emissions during the welding process in order to improve the working safety conditions.
Synchrotron Radiation with its high intensity and the opportunity to tune the wavelength offers unique possibilities to investigate real catalysts, even under industry-like conditions.
A good example is a XAFS study performed at supported Ni catalysts used for the dimerization of butene at elevated temperature and pressure. Another example are investigations at titania supported Pd based catalyst elucidating the role of co-components (e.g. Sb, Co, Mn and Au) which are necessary to get the desired promising performance in the gas phase acetoxylation of toluene to benzyl acetate, an environmentally benign alternative for the conventional process using chlorine.
Furthermore, investigations about the redox properties of different Cu catalysts will be presented. It could be shown that the redox properties of Cu have a great impact on the performance of such catalysts, not only in some gas phase reactions, but also in photocatalytic applications, e.g. water splitting.
The work aims at addressing the modelling and implementation of criteria for multiple crack propagation, including interaction and coalescence, for a more reliable fracture mechanics-based prediction of stress-life curves for weldments.
A large experimental work is presented in which micro-cracks have been made visible by heat-tinting at successive stages of fatigue life of the welded specimens. Here the correlation between the number of initiation sites and the applied stress level has been also investigated.
The criteria have been implemented in in-house software, which allows multiple fatigue crack propagation, and validated against selected experimental tests. The results have shown that the modelling of multiple crack propagation and interaction is crucial for the prediction of the fatigue strength of weldments, both in finite and infinite life regime.