Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2023 (35) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (28)
- Deutsch (6)
- Französisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Ink analyses (3)
- Alite (2)
- Anerkennungen (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Hydraulic reactivity (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- MIC (2)
- Middle Ages (2)
- Optics (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Richtlinien (2)
- Steelmaking slag (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Zulassungen (2)
- 3D printing (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antiquity (1)
- Archéométrie (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (1)
- BOFS (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodeterioration (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Bioreceptivity (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Codex (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Coptic (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- DMAS (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Developing building materials (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Encre (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- Façade (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genizah du Caire (1)
- Green facades (1)
- Größe (1)
- Größenbestimmung (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Ink (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Manuscript (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Manuscrits (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Mikroorganismen (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Moyen-âge (1)
- Multiple lines of evidence (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- Nano (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Papyrus (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Phosphates (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Preservation (1)
- Proton conductivity (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- SMPS (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Struvite (1)
- Surface interactions (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VOC (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Writing Ink (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- pH probe (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (35) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (5)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (13)
Since nowadays people spend most of their time indoors, a healthy environment is essential. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from furniture and building materials are reported to cause health complaints. Therefore, the usage of low emitting materials will improve the indoor air quality. Quantitative VOC emission testing is usually conducted in emission test chambers under specified controlled conditions as described in DIN 16000-9 and DIN EN 16516.
For reasons of quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) and for a better comparability of test results from different laboratories, suitable emission reference materials (ERM) are needed. Here, it is important to have a homogenous material with known emission rates over a specific time. Different approaches can be found in literature, inter alia polymer films loaded with the target compound to be released again, or a lacquer material to which a VOC mixture is added. After curing of the lacquer, the material can be loaded into a test chamber. Drawback of those approaches are their relatively fast decreasing emission profiles. For QC/QA purposes according to the test standards, VOC sources with constant emission profiles are desirable.
The EU-funded research project MetrIAQ “Metrology for the determination of emissions of dangerous substances from building materials into indoor air” is working on a multi-component ERM with an envisaged instability of ≤ 10 % in the emission rate over at least 14 days.
Within a doctoral thesis porous materials are impregnated with VOCs. Supercritical CO2 is used as solvent. Thus, the impregnated material does not contain any solvent that may show a measurable amount of emission in the emission test chamber. Furthermore, CO2 has the benefits to have a good availability and low costs. For the selection of porous materials several properties like the pore size, the surface, and the interaction with the components in the atmosphere need to be considered. The impregnation method is optimised while the different porous materials are tested. For the selection of porous materials the pores need to be large enough for the VOC molecules, further influence of the pore size is tested.
This study details a thorough analysis of leaky and waveguide modes in biperiodic diffractive nanostructures. By tuning diffraction orders and subsequently confining local density of optical states at two distinct resonance wavelengths, we present a highly sensitive refractive index biosensing platform that can resolve 35.5 to 41.3 nm/RIU of spectral shift for two separate biological analytes.
Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel production, of which 4.5 Mt were produced in 2020 in Germany alone. It is mainly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical cycle, used as fertiliser or landfilled.
With this use, iron oxides still contained in steelmaking slag are lost. In addition, the possibility of producing higher-grade products from steelmaking slag is foregone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) via a reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of the reduced slag is adapted to that of Portland cement clinker.
In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as a reducing agent. The resulting low-iron mineral product has a similar chemical composition to Portland cement clinker and was rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite (Ca3SiO5). Based on its chemical and mineralogical composition, similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS has the potential to react comparably. In our study, the reduced BOFS produced less hydration heat than OPC, and its hydraulic reaction was delayed. However, adding gypsum has shown to accelerate the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS compared to that known from the calcium silicates of Portland cement clinker.
Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced slag is essential. If successful, producing a hydraulic binder and crude iron from BOFS has economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industries.
Algal biofilm façades are an alternative to traditional green façades which can help to improve biodiversity and air quality within cities. They present a low maintenance approach in which subaerial algae are grown directly on concrete substrates. The intrinsic bioreceptivity of the substrate is a critical factor in successful facade colonisation. Existing research has identified several environmental and material properties which influence concrete bioreceptivity, however a consensus has yet to be made on which properties are most influential and how the interaction between properties may promote algal biofilm growth under specific conditions.
Ancient Inks
(2023)
In the last decade scientists and scholars have accumulated more knowledge on black ink used for writing in Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
Ready availability of non-destructive testing instruments employed in interdisciplinary projects on historic manuscripts have made it possible to determine the composition of ink and to compare it with the extant records.
The current state of preservation of the DSS results from the synergetic effect of various factors such as great age, post-discovery treatments, poor storage conditions, environmental influences and exhibitions. With rare exceptions, neither the initial state nor a list of the treatments performed on each DSS fragment is known. Reconstruction of the individual fragment history will have to rely upon advanced analytical techniques to identify the treatments and their effects.
Management of the scrolls may be divided roughly into three periods: a) the scholarly archiving period, from 1948 to the mid-1960s; b) first attempts at conservation, from the mid-1960s to late-1980s; c) Israel Antiquities Authority Scrolls Lab, from 1991 onwards.
The ink analysis protocol developed through cooperation between the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung in Berlin and the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the University of Hamburg involves the use of imaging techniques for ink screening, followed by spectroscopic analysis. In our presentation, we will begin by briefly reviewing the history of writing inks and discussing the three main categories: carbon-based inks, plant, and iron-gall inks. We will address their chronology, precursors, and mixed forms, as well as the features that allow for their identification. Then, we will present the techniques we use in ink analysis, whereby we would like to highlight the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach. Finally, we will discuss the new mass-spectrometric method based on micro-sampling and using atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP).
In recent years the BAM has been focusing on the characterization of the writing materials of the medieval Torah scrolls. The challenge imposed by the study of this specific type of manuscript led to designing and building dedicated stages to ensure the safety of the scrolls during the analysis. Furthermore, the identification of multiple corrections executed in apparently identical inks required broadening the standard two-step protocol of near infrared reflectography and X-ray fluorescence to include multispectral imaging. This work has prepared the division to participate in the large collaborative project “To roll: Materialisierte Heiligkeit (Materialised Holiness)” based at the Free University, Berlin.
The presentation will demonstrate the aims of the studies, preliminary results and the strategies adopted by the division 4.5 of the BAM.
Conclusion et piste:
Il semblerait qu’il n’existe pas de corrélation entre le type d’encre utilisés et d’autres critères recherchés à part une marque de préférence personnelle, sauf en ce qui concerne des documents religieux, auquel cas une différence se fait en function de la communauté.
Les résultats réunis dans cette étude semble indiquer que les scribes achètent leur propre encre.
L’analyse des encres peut nous aider à retracer une chronologie de l’écriture et signature de certains documents juridiques.
Élargissement du corpus:
- Comparaison avec des documents écrits par la cour du Qadi
- Documents d’autres collections
- Avec d’autres documents contemporains (Génizah Afghane)
AbstractThis work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate‐independent high‐precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel‐inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub‐micron to micron resolution and extensive post‐functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel‐inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI‐lPG and MI‐dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single‐stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
Black writing materials of different types and compositions have varied in use over time and different geographical regions. With this paper, we would like to contribute to their study by listing and reviewing recipes for black writing inks that were in circulation in the Carolingian Empire as well as by referencing the archaeometric analyses of the black inks used in the manuscripts. The studies presented here that involved the humanities and natural sciences provide new insights into how the scholars of the early Medieval Ages organized manuscripts.
Bacterial biofilms pose serious problems in medical and industrial settings. One of the major societal challenges lies in the increasing resistance of bacteria against biocides used in antimicrobial treatments, e.g., via overabundant use in medicine, industry, and agriculture or cleaning and disinfection in private households. Hence, new efficient bacteria-repellent strategies avoiding the use of biocides are strongly desired. One promising route to achieve bacteria-repellent surfaces lies in the contactless and aseptic large-area laser-processing of technical surfaces. Tailored surface textures, enabled by different laser-processing strategies that result in topographic scales ranging from nanometers to micrometers may provide a solution to this challenge. This article presents a current state-of-the-art review of laser-surface subtractive texturing approaches for controlling the biofilm formation for different bacterial strains and in different environments. Based on specific properties of bacteria and laser-processed surfaces, the challenges of anti-microbial surface designs are discussed, and future directions will be outlined.
Fungal pigments such as melanin and carotenoids are distinctive markers of animal and plant pathogenic fungi as well as their environmental relatives. These complex pigments play important roles in pathogenicity and stress tolerance while also being useful as biomarkers. Accordingly, it is important to be able to identify in situ the pigments in black fungi, a group of clinical and environmental importance. In this study, wild-type and genetically modified strains of Knufia petricola A95 and wild fungal cells attached to ancient rock were investigated for their spectroscopic and microscopic Raman features and morphological appearance. Knockout mutants of melanin synthesis genes pks1 (polyketide synthase), sdh1 (scytalone dehydratase), and both pks1 and the carotenoid synthesis gene phd1 (phytoene desaturase) were studied We applied two different Raman microscopes using two lasers, with 633 nm and 488 nm wavelengths. We analyzed and compared Raman spectra between the measured reference substances and the mutant and wild-type strains. In the wild strain WT:A95, the peaks close to melanin peals were found at 1353 cm−1 and 1611 cm−1. There are no characteristic melanin peaks at 1580–1600 cm−1 and around 1350 cm−1 at the spectrum of the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant and the Δsdh1 mutant. The Δpks1 mutant spectrum has the peaks at the beta-carotene v2 C-C in-plane stretch at 1155 cm−1 and v3 C-CH3 deformation at 1005 cm−1. The peaks of carotenoids and melanin were found in all mutants and the wild strain, except the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant. Raman spectra allow for discrimination between the various pigments. Hence, interactions between natural fungal melanin, as well as other protective pigments, and complex environmental matrices can be characterized on a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given.
Bei dem Vortrag werden die potentiellen mikrobiologischen Einflüsse im Falle der Lagerung von Wasserstofflagerung in unterirdischen geologischen Formationen vorgestellt, die Zusammenarbeit mit internen und auch externen Partnern. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf UGF; anaerobe Umgebungen, Sulfate reduzierenden Bakterien, methanogenen Archaea, weiterleitenden Systeme und die Kombination der Untersuchung abiotisch/biotische
Regional standardisation activities and how VAMAS can help in any way to promote activities are reported.
Activities related to organisational updates, government initiatives/priorities (especially related to Materials), details of any strategy documents publicly available, networks within Germany and how we engage are presented.
Steelmaking slag is a by-product of steel production of which 4.5 Mt were produced in 2020 in Germany alone. It is mainly used in road construction, earthwork and hydraulic engineering. A smaller part is returned to the metallurgical circle, used as fertilizer or landfilled.
With this use, iron oxides still contained in steelmaking slag are lost. In addition, the possibility of producing higher-grade products from steelmaking slag is foregone. In recent decades, many researchers have investigated the production of Portland cement clinker and crude iron from basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) via a reductive treatment. Carbothermal treatment of liquid BOFS causes a reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. Simultaneously, the chemical composition of the reduced slag is adapted to that of the Portland cement clinker.
In this study, German BOFS was reduced in a small-scale electric arc furnace using petrol coke as a reducing agent. The resulting low-iron mineral product had a similar chemical composition to Portland cement clinker and was rich in the tricalcium silicate solid solution alite (Ca3SiO5). Based on its chemical and mineralogical composition, similar to that of Portland cement clinker, the reduced BOFS has the potential to react comparably. In our study, the reduced BOFS produced less heat of hydration compared to OPC and its hydraulic reaction was delayed. However, adding gypsum has been shown to accelerate the hydration rate of the reduced BOFS compared to that known from the calcium silicates of Portland cement clinker.
Further research to improve the hydraulic properties of the reduced slag is essential. If successful, producing a hydraulic binder and crude iron from BOFS could have economic and ecological benefits for both the cement and steel industry.