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We demonstrate ultrafast soliton-based nonlinear balancing of dual-core asymmetry in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber at sub-nanojoule pulse energy level. The effect of fiber asymmetry was studied experimentally by selective excitation and monitoring of individual fiber cores at different wavelengths between 1500 nm and 1800 nm. Higher energy transfer rate to non-excited core was observed in the case of fast core excitation due to nonlinear asymmetry balancing of temporal solitons, which was confirmed by the dedicated numerical simulations based on the coupled generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Moreover, the simulation results correspond qualitatively with the experimentally acquired dependences of the output dual-core extinction Ratio on excitation energy and wavelength. In the case of 1800 nm fast core excitation, narrow band spectral intensity switching between the output channels was registered with contrast of 23 dB. The switching was achieved by the change of the excitation pulse energy in sub-nanojoule region. The performed detailed analysis of the nonlinear balancing of dual-core asymmetry in solitonic propagation regime opens new perspectives for the development of ultrafast nonlinear all-optical switching devices.
Nonlinear ultrafast switching based on soliton self-trapping in dual-core photonic crystal fibre
(2016)
In this paper, we present a systematic numerical study of a novel ultrafast nonlinear switching
concept based on soliton self-trapping in dual-core (DC) photonic crystal fibre (PCF).
The geometrical parameters of highly-nonlinear (HN) DC microstructure are optimized
with regard to desired linear and nonlinear propagation characteristics. The comparable
magnitude of fibre coupling length and soliton period is identified as a key condition for
presented switching concept. The optimized DC PCF design is subjected to detailed nonlinear
numerical study. Complex temporal-spectral-spatial transformations of 100 fs hyperbolic
secant pulse at 1550 nm in the DC PCF are studied numerically employing a model based on
coupled generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations solved by a split-step Fourier method.
For the optimized DC structure, mutual interplay of solitonic and coupling processes gives
rise to nonlinear switching of self-trapped soliton. The output channel (fibre core) for the
generated soliton can be controlled via the input pulse energy. For vertical polarization, the
optimal soliton switching with extinction ratio contrast of 32.4 dB at 10.75 mm propagation
distance is achieved. Even better switching contrast of 34.8 dB can be achieved for horizontal
polarization at optimal propagation distance of 10.25 mm. Besides energy-controlled soliton
self-trapping switching, the fibre supports also nonlinear polarization switching with soliton
switching contrast as high as 37.4 dB. The proposed fibre holds a high application potential
allowing efficient ultrafast switching of sub-nanojoule pulses at over-Tb/s data rates requiring
only about 1 cm fibre length.