Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (428) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (426)
- Deutsch (1)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- SAXS (37)
- MALDI-TOF MS (33)
- Polylactide (28)
- Nanoparticles (26)
- Mechanochemistry (22)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (21)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (16)
- X-ray scattering (10)
- Electron microscopy (9)
- Nanoparticle (9)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (9)
- XPS (9)
- Catalysis (8)
- Scattering (8)
- Crystallization (7)
- In situ (7)
- Microplastics (7)
- Radiation protection (7)
- Corrosion (6)
- Cyclization (6)
- Electrochemistry (6)
- Femtosecond laser (6)
- MOUSE (6)
- Nanomaterials (6)
- Surface functionalization (6)
- Synchrotron (6)
- TED-GC/MS (6)
- Automation (5)
- Catalyst (5)
- DFT (5)
- DNA (5)
- Density functional theory (5)
- Ectoine (5)
- Laser processing (5)
- Polycondensation (5)
- Polymers (5)
- Reference material (5)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (5)
- Ring-opening polymerization (5)
- Simulation (5)
- Struvite (5)
- Synthesis (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- AFM (4)
- Additive manufacturing (4)
- BAMline (4)
- Crystalinity (4)
- Diffraction (4)
- Dosimetry (4)
- Hydrogen (4)
- MALDI TOF MS (4)
- Microplastic (4)
- Polyglycerol (4)
- Polymerization (4)
- Radiation damage (4)
- Sample preparation (4)
- Small-angle scattering (4)
- ToF-SIMS (4)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (4)
- XANES (4)
- XRD (4)
- Aging (3)
- Amyloid (3)
- Atomic force microscopy (3)
- Biofilms (3)
- C-F bond activation (3)
- Classification (3)
- Crystals (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- Direct laser writing (3)
- Ectoin (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Energetic materials (3)
- Flexible crystals (3)
- Fluorescence (3)
- Friction (3)
- Geant4 (3)
- Geant4-DNA (3)
- General Chemistry (3)
- Graphene oxide (3)
- High entropy alloy (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Laser ablation (3)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (3)
- MOF (3)
- Mechanical properties (3)
- Microdosimetry (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- Nano (3)
- Nanocomposite (3)
- Nanocomposites (3)
- Nanomaterial (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- Nanostructure (3)
- Phonons (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polymer (3)
- Quantification (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Radical scavenger (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- SEM (3)
- SSB (3)
- Silver nanoparticles (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Steel (3)
- Surface chemistry (3)
- Synchrotron radiation (3)
- Thin films (3)
- Titanium dioxide (3)
- Toxicology (3)
- Transesterification (3)
- Tribology (3)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (3)
- 2PP (2)
- 3D printing (2)
- AISI 304L (2)
- Ab initio (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (2)
- Advanced materials (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Alkali-activated materials (2)
- Amphiphilicity (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Atomistic models (2)
- Au (2)
- AuNP (2)
- Automated synthesis (2)
- Bacteria (2)
- Bacterial attachment (2)
- Base damage (2)
- Base loss (2)
- Beta decay (2)
- Bio-SAXS (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Boehmite (2)
- Bonding Analysis (2)
- Brachytherapy (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Cement hydration (2)
- Ceramics and Composites (2)
- Clustered nanoparticles (2)
- Coatings and Films (2)
- Cocrystal (2)
- Composites (2)
- Core-shell (2)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (2)
- Cosolute (2)
- Cyclic (2)
- DFT calculation (2)
- DMSO (2)
- Data analysis (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Defects (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (2)
- Elemental composition (2)
- Encapsulation (2)
- Energy deposit (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (2)
- Femtosecond laser processing (2)
- Ferromagnetism (2)
- Functionalized graphene (2)
- G5P (2)
- GVP (2)
- General Materials Science (2)
- Gold (2)
- Gold Nanoparticles (2)
- Graphene (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (2)
- High-entropy alloys (2)
- High-throughput (2)
- Hybrid metrology (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydroxyectoine (2)
- Hyperbranched (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (2)
- Instrumentation (2)
- Interphase (2)
- Ionic liquid (2)
- Ionization (2)
- Ionizing radiation damage (2)
- Iron (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- LEE (2)
- Laser-induced oxide layer (2)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (2)
- Lead ions (2)
- Livermore model (2)
- Low energy electrons (2)
- Luminescence (2)
- MCS (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Magnetism (2)
- Materials Chemistry (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (2)
- Metals and Alloys (2)
- Method (2)
- Methodology (2)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (2)
- Multiphoton lithography (2)
- NP (2)
- Nanoparticle concentration (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Neutron scattering (2)
- Niobium (2)
- Nucleation (2)
- OH radical (2)
- OH radical scavenger (2)
- Organic Chemistry (2)
- Oxidation (2)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (2)
- Particle (2)
- Particle scattering (2)
- Particle scattering simulations (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Penelope model (2)
- Phase diagrams (2)
- Phosphates (2)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Polycarbonate (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Protein (2)
- Protein unfolding (2)
- Proton conductivity (2)
- Purification (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Quality control (2)
- Quantum dots (2)
- ROPPOC (2)
- ROS (2)
- Radiationtherapy (2)
- Radioactive decay (2)
- Radiolysis (2)
- Raman (2)
- Reference Material (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- Renewable Energy (2)
- Ring opening polymerization (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Self-assembly (2)
- Single-source precursors (2)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (2)
- Size (2)
- Software (2)
- Soil (2)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (2)
- Stability (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Surfaces (2)
- Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- TEM (2)
- TOPAS (2)
- TOPAS-nbio (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Thermoelectrics (2)
- Thermoplastics (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Topas (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Two-photon polymerization (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Wear (2)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2)
- XAS (2)
- ZIF (2)
- nanoparticle (2)
- ssDNA (2)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 1H-NMR (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 2D Materials (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- ACEnano (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AGE (1)
- ATZ (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio Simulation (1)
- Ab initio simulation (1)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Acid resistance (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adsorbtion (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Advanced calorimetry (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Ag (1)
- AgInS (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Aktivkohle (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline brines (1)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminium fluorides (1)
- Aluminium hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium teflates (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Amorphization (1)
- Amperometry (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial properties (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Applications (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Atomic layer deposition (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BESSY (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bending mechanism (1)
- Bending modulus (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Beta particle (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Binder Jetting (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- BioSAXS (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Biobased polymers (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Bismuth Ferrite (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Bisphenol A (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Blends (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Boson peak (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Building and Construction (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Buried interfaces (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- C-C coupling (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CCMat (1)
- CO2 (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- CPD (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Caloric effects (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Capillary waves (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catalysts (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Chalcopyrite (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemical bonds (1)
- Chemically Complex Materials (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemputer (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Clerodin (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Co (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coating (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combined sewer system (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Molecular Systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Computational Materials Science (1)
- Computations (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Concentration (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Condensed Matter Physics (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Correlative analysis (1)
- Corrosion monitoring (1)
- Corrosion protection (1)
- Corrosion testing (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- CrMnFeCoNi (1)
- Creep (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Crystal structure (1)
- Crystallization sequence (1)
- Crystalstructure (1)
- Cu catalysts (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DLS (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA radiation damage (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DOPO (1)
- DSB (1)
- DSC (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DTAB (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data curation (1)
- Data fitting (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Database (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Definition (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Dentistry (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusons (1)
- Digestion (1)
- Dipsersive XAS (1)
- Direct damage (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Dispersive XAS (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (1)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Double complex compound (1)
- Double complex salts (1)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dye-doped fiber (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EBSD (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EDS (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EPMA (1)
- ESCA (1)
- EXAFS (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electrochemical CO2 conversion (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte membrane (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron probe microanalysis (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electrons (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospinning (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Energetic Materials (1)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Eu (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- Europium (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evaporation (1)
- Evaporite deposits (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Exchange interaction (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAIR (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FPLC (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- FeNi (1)
- Femtosecond laser patterning (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferroelectric (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Film thickness (1)
- Filter (1)
- Filtration (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Flash DSC (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Flexible waveguide (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Fluorescent optical fiber (1)
- Fluoride (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorine coordination (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Food (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Free electron laser (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gamma ray (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- Gel electrophoresis (1)
- Gene five protein (1)
- General Energy (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- General Physics and Astronomy (1)
- Geology (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Governance (1)
- Grafting (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene Oxide (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HF (1)
- HF-shuttle (1)
- HPLC (1)
- Halloysite nanotubes (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (1)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-density polyethylene (1)
- High-pressure (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human fibroblast growth factors (1)
- Hydrated DNA (1)
- Hydrated electron (1)
- Hydration shell (1)
- Hydrochemical evolution (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydroxyl radical (1)
- Hydroxyl radicals (1)
- IR (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- Identification (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- Image analysis (1)
- Image segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging XPS (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immunoassay (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Implant material (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- In situ studies (1)
- In-situ (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ polymerization (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- Indirect damage (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Iridium oxide (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron reducing bacteria (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- LET (1)
- LL equation (1)
- LLG (1)
- Lactide (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Lanthanide (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large volume samplers (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Laser Machining (1)
- Laser cleaning (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lateral resolution (1)
- Lattice misfit (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Lewis Acid (1)
- Lewis superacids (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Ligandsubstitution (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lignin modification (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Liquid Crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Lithium-ion battery (1)
- Local corrosion (1)
- Local structure (1)
- Localised corrosion (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminol (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MIC (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MRT (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Macroion/growth factor assemblies (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic alloys (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic moment (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magnetoeleastic couplin (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Mass contents (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material synthesis (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials Properties (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- McSAS3 (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical flexibility (1)
- Mechanical property (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporous Silica (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Metal Organic Frameworks (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal phosphonates (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metal-oxides (1)
- Metals and alloys (1)
- Metal–organic frameworks (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micro-concentrator solar cell (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbially induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological Corrosion (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Micromagnetism (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Microplastic analysis (1)
- Microplastic fibers (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microstructure (1)
- Microstructure Design (1)
- Microwave synthesis (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Milling (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular mass distribution (1)
- Molecular sieves (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Multi photon lithography (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-sample analysis (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Multivariate data analysis (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesive systems (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- NEXAFS (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NaI (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanoconfinement (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanomechanics (1)
- Nanometrology (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopatricle (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanosafety (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostructuring (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Net-ionization reaction (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neurotrophins (1)
- Ni (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non-classical crystallization (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Noncovalent interactions (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- OECD (1)
- OER (1)
- OH (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OH radicals (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OMS (1)
- OOMMF (1)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Operando (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Organic compounds (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic crystal (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Osmolyte (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PBS (1)
- PCA (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PET (1)
- PGM-free catalyst (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PS (1)
- PTFE (1)
- PUR (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- Pair distribution function (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size and shape distribution (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase transformations (1)
- Phase transition (1)
- Phonon interactions (1)
- Phosphine oxide (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoluminescence (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (1)
- Piezoresponse (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma Polymerization (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasmid DNA (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fiber (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (1)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (1)
- Polymorph (1)
- Polynorbornenes (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde foam (1)
- Pore space (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Postfluorination (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Precipitation (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Prehydrated electron (1)
- Presolvated electron (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process control (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proximate analysis (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Pseudo-translationalsublattices (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pulse Laser (1)
- Pulsed laser ablation (1)
- Pump-probe experiments (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quasi-direct damage (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- RBE (1)
- RNA (1)
- RXES (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Radiation therapy (1)
- Radical (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radical Scavenger (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rat (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Refractory alloys (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regularization (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Resonance frequency (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhodamine B (1)
- Rhodiumcomplexes (1)
- Rice husk ash (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- River (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rosin (1)
- Roughness (1)
- Round Robin (1)
- SANS (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STXM (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Safe-by-design (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Salt (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary hazard (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Selective oxidation (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (1)
- Self-organization (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Sensing (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separate sewer system (1)
- Separation (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Settling velocity (1)
- Shape (1)
- Shell (1)
- SiGe (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silicon (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Silk (1)
- Sillver (1)
- Single particle (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (1)
- Sinking velocity (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small angle scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-angle xray scattering (1)
- Small-area XPS (1)
- Small-spot XPS (1)
- Soda lakes (1)
- Sodium carbonate minerals (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Sol-gel (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solid state NMR (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-state NMR (1)
- Solution doping (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Spectral induced polarization (1)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spin (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Statistical particle distribution (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Steels (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Stormwater retention tank (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Materials (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural sealant glazing (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure analysis (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure prediction (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfates (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Superior sorbent (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Supramolecules (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface charge (1)
- Surface chemical analysis (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface processing (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface science (1)
- Surface structures (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- System method (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- TGA (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- TKD (1)
- TRIS (1)
- TRL (1)
- TXRF (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Technical lignin (1)
- Temeprature scaling (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature-programmed desorption (1)
- Termites (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Thawing (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal transport (1)
- Thermoanalytics (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thickness (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved (1)
- Time-resolved scattering (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Tire wear (1)
- Titania (1)
- Titania nanoparticles (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Topas-MC (1)
- Topas-nBio (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Traceability (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Transition metal (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- USAXS (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Ultrashort pulse laser processing (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Upconversion (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VRFB (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stability (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- White light interference microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Workflow (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (1)
- X-ray emission (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray energies (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray spectrum (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XCT (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xray (1)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- ZCF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- abasic side (1)
- base loss (1)
- confocal (1)
- corrosion (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- lN2 (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- µ-CT (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (428) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (12)
The ionic liquid 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium-dimethylphosphate ([MMIM]+[DMP]−) was analyzed using (hard) x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Here, XPS and HAXPES spectra are shown in comparison. For the acquisition of the XPS spectra, monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 1486.6 eV was used, while for the acquisition of the HAXPES spectra, monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV was applied. Here, survey scans and high-resolution spectra of P 2p, P 2s, C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s for both methods and P 1s, P KL2,3L2,3, and P KL1L2,3 for HAXPES are shown.
The influence of starting materials and synthesis route on the properties and the structure of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels is not fully understood, partly due their amorphous nature and the fact that they often contain residual reactants, which can make the results of single-pulse NMR spectroscopy applied to these materials difficult to interpret or ambiguous. To overcome some of these limitations, 29Si{27Al} TRAPDOR NMR as well as 27Al{29Si} and 27Al{1H} REDOR NMR spectroscopy were applied to materials synthesized by the one-part alkali-activation route from three different amorphous silica starting materials, including rice husk ash. The latter led to formation of a fully amorphous sodium aluminosilicate gel (geopolymer), while the materials produced from the other silicas contained amorphous phase and crystalline zeolites. Application of the double-resonance NMR methods allowed to identify hydrous alumina gel domains in the rice husk ash-based material as well as significantly differing amounts of residual silica in the three cured materials. Four-coordinated Al existed not only in the aluminosilicate gel framework but also in a water-rich chemical environment with only a small amount of Si in proximity, likely in the alumina gel or possibly present as extra-framework Al in the aluminosilicate gel. The results demonstrate how the employment of different silica starting materials determines the phase assemblage of one-part alkali-activated materials, which in turn influences their engineering properties such as the resistance against chemically/biologically aggressive media.
AbstractThis work addresses the critical need for multifunctional materials and substrate‐independent high‐precision surface modification techniques that are essential for advancing microdevices and sensing elements. To overcome existing limitations, the versatility of mussel‐inspired materials (MIMs) is combined with state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton direct laser writing (DLW) microfabrication. In this way, 2D and 3D MIM microstructures of complex designs are demonstrated with sub‐micron to micron resolution and extensive post‐functionalization capabilities. This study includes polydopamine (PDA), mussel‐inspired linear, and dendritic polyglycerols (MI‐lPG and MI‐dPG), allowing their direct microstructure on the substrate of choice with the option to tailor the patterned topography and morphology in a controllable manner. The functionality potential of MIMs is demonstrated by successfully immobilizing and detecting single‐stranded DNA on MIM micropattern and nanoarray surfaces. In addition, easy modification of MIM microstructure with silver nanoparticles without the need of any reducing agent is shown. The methodology developed here enables the integration of MIMs in advanced applications where precise surface functionalization is essential.
The co-crystallisation of [NiEn3](NO3)2 (En = ethylenediamine) with Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 from a water solution results in the formation of [NiEn3](MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5 co-crystals. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis of eight single crystals, the parameters of the hexagonal unit cell (space group P–31c, Z = 2) vary in the following intervals: a = 9.2332(3)–9.2566(6); c = 9.9512(12)–9.9753(7) Å with the Mo/W ratio changing from 0.513(3)/0.487(3) to 0.078(4)/0.895(9). The thermal decomposition of [NiEn3](MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5 individual crystals obtained by co-crystallisation was performed in He and H2 atmospheres. The ex situ X-ray study of thermal decomposition products shows the formation of nanocrystalline refractory alloys and carbide composites containing ternary Ni–Mo–W phases. The formation of carbon–nitride phases at certain stages of heating up to 1000 °C were shown.
Lake Magadi, East African Rift Valley, is a hyperalkaline and saline soda lake highly enriched in Na+, K+, CO32–, Cl–, HCO3–, and SiO2 and depleted in Ca2+ and Mg2+, where thick evaporite deposits and siliceous sediments have been forming for 100 000 years. The hydrogeochemistry and the evaporite deposits of soda lakes are subjects of growing interest in paleoclimatology, astrobiology, and planetary sciences. In Lake Magadi, different hydrates of sodium carbonate/bicarbonate and other saline minerals precipitate. The precipitation sequence of these minerals is a key for understanding the hydrochemical evolution, the paleoenvironmental conditions of ancient evaporite deposits, and industrial crystallization. However, accurate determination of the precipitation sequence of these minerals was challenging due to the dependency of the different hydrates on temperature, water activity, pH and pCO2, which could induce phase transformation and secondary mineral precipitation during sample handling. Here, we report a comprehensive methodology applied for monitoring the evaporitic mineral precipitation and hydrochemical evolution of Lake Magadi. Evaporation and mineral precipitations were monitored by using in situ video microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction of acoustically levitated droplets. The mineral patterns were characterized by ex situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were coupled with thermodynamic models to understand the evaporation and precipitation-driven hydrochemical evolution of brines. Our results closely reproduced the mineral assemblages, patterns, and textural relations observed in the natural setting. Alkaline earth carbonates and fluorite were predicted to precipitate first followed by siliceous sediments. Among the salts, dendritic and acicular trona precipitate first via fractional crystallization─reminiscent of grasslike trona layers of Lake Magadi. Halite/villiaumite, thermonatrite, and sylvite precipitate sequentially after trona from residual brines depleted in HCO3–. The precipitation of these minerals between trona crystals resembles the precipitation process observed in the interstitial brines of the trona layers. Thermonatrite precipitation began after trona equilibrated with the residual brines due to the absence of excess CO2 input. We have shown that evaporation and mineral precipitation are the major drivers for the formation of hyperalkaline, saline, and SiO2-rich brines. The discrepancy between predicted and actual sulfate and phosphate ion concentrations implies the biological cycling of these ions. The combination of different in situ and ex situ methods and modeling is key to understanding the mineral phases, precipitation sequences, and textural relations of modern and ancient evaporite deposits. The synergy of these methods could be applicable in industrial crystallization and natural brines to reconstruct the hydrogeochemical and hydroclimatic conditions of soda lakes, evaporite settings, and potentially soda oceans of early Earth and extraterrestrial planets.
Physical adsorption at cryogenic temperature (cryoadsorption) is a reversible mechanism that can reduce the pressure of conventional compressed gas storage systems. Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are remarkable candidates due to the combination of high specific surface area and density which, in some cases, provide a high volumetric storage capacity. However, such extensive use of MOFs for this application requires the selection of affordable structures, easy to produce and made from feasible metallic and organic components. Herein, we introduce a MOF database detailing the crystallographic and porous properties of 3600 existing MOFs made from industrially relevant metals and their organic composition. The comparison of the available minimum costs of linkers allowed the creation of a database to select affordable structures with high potential for volumetric hydrogen storage by cryoadsorption, considering their composition based on individual or mixed building blocks. A user interface, available online, facilitates the selection of MOFs based on the properties or names of structures and linkers.
A route to a ZrF4 catalyst active in room temperature Friedel–Crafts and dehydrofluorination reactions was developed via a fluorolytic sol–gel route, which was followed by a postfluorination step using a stream of CHClF2. The behaviour of different Zr(IV) precursors in a sol–gel reaction with anhydrous isopropanol/HF solution was investigated. The subsequent post-fluorination step was optimised in its temperature ramp and confirmed the necessity of a fluorination of the generated xerogels to obtain catalytic activity. The process is discussed in the context of the analysis of the materials using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The local structure of the amorphous catalyst was elucidated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS).
The very strong Lewis acid aluminium chlorofluo-ride (ACF) was loaded with anhydrous HF. The interactionbetween the surface of the catalyst and HF was investigatedusing a variety of characterization methods, which revealed he formation of polyfluorides. Moreover, the reactivity ofthe HF-loaded ACF towards the hydrofluorination of alkyneswas studied.
Mechanical flexibility in single crystals of covalently bound materials is a fascinating and poorly understood phenomenon. We present here the first example of a plastically flexible one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer. The compound [Zn(m-Cl)2(3,5-dichloropyridine)2]n is flexible over two crystallographic faces. Remarkably, the single crystal remains intact when bent to 1808. A combination of microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopic studies have been used to probe the structural response of the crystal lattice to mechanical bending. Deformation of the covalent polymer chains does not appear to be responsible for the observed macroscopic bending. Instead, our results suggest that mechanical bending occurs by displacement of the coordination polymer chains. Based on experimental and theoretical evidence, we propose a new model for mechanical flexibility in 1D coordination polymers. Moreover, our calculations propose a cause of the different mechanical properties of this compound and a structurally similar elastic material
Protein adsorption at the air–water interface is a serious problem in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) as it restricts particle orientations in the vitrified ice-film and promotes protein denaturation. To address this issue, the preparation of a graphene-based modified support film for coverage of conventional holey carbon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids is presented. The chemical modification of graphene sheets enables the universal covalent anchoring of unmodified proteins via inherent surface-exposed lysine or cysteine residues in a one-step reaction. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) trough approach is applied for deposition of functionalized graphene sheets onto commercially available holey carbon TEM grids. The application of the modified TEM grids in single particle analysis (SPA) shows high protein binding to the surface of the graphene-based support film. Suitability for high resolution structure determination is confirmed by SPA of apoferritin. Prevention of protein denaturation at the air–water interface and improvement of particle orientations is shown using human 20S proteasome, demonstrating the potential of the support film for structural biology.
Small-area/spot photoelectron spectroscopy (SAXPS) is a powerful tool for the investigation of small surface features like microstructures of electronic devices, sensors or other functional surfaces, and so forth. For evaluating the quality of such microstructures, it is often crucial to know whether a small signal in a spectrum is an unwanted contamination of the field of view (FoV), defined by the instrument settings, or it originated from outside. To address this issue, the d80/20 parameter of a line scan across a chemical edge is often used. However, the typical d80/20 parameter does not give information on contributions from the long tails of the X-ray beam intensity distribution or the electron-optical system as defined by apertures. In the VAMAS TWA2 A22 project “Applying planar, patterned, multi-metallic samples to assess the impact of analysis area in surface-chemical analysis,” new test specimen was developed and tested. The here presented testing material consists of a silicon wafer substrate with an Au-film and embedded Cr circular and square spots with decreasing dimensions from 200 μm down to 5 μm. The spot sizes are traceable to the length unit due to size measurements with a metrological SEM. For the evaluation of the FoV, we determined the Au4f intensities measured with the center of the FoV aligned with the center of the spot and normalized to the Au4f intensity determined on the Au-film. With this test specimen, it was possible to characterize, as an example, the FoV of a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD XPS instrument.
Inputs of plastic impurities into the environment via the application of fertilizers are regulated in Germany and the EU by means of ordinances. Robust and fast analytical methods are the basis of legal regulations. Currently, only macro- and large microplastic contents (>1 mm) are measured. Microplastics (1–1,000 µm), are not yet monitored. Thermal analytical methods are suitable for this purpose, which can determine the mass content and can also be operated fully automatically in routine mode. Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) allows the identification of polymers and the determination of mass contents in solid samples from natural environments. In accordance with the German or European Commission (EC) Fertiliser Ordinance, composting plants should be monitored for microplastic particles with this method in the future. In this context a compost plant was sampled. At the end of the rotting process, the compost was sieved and separated in a coarse (>1 mm) and a fine fraction (<1 mm). The fine fraction was processed using density separation comparing NaCl and NaI as possible salt alternative and screened for microplastic masses by TED-GC/MS with additional validation and quality assurance experiments. With TED-GC/MS total microplastics mass contents of 1.1–3.0 μg/mg in finished compost could be detected with polyethylene mainly. What differs much to the total mass of plastics in the coarse fraction with up to 60 μg/mg, which were visually searched, identified via ATR-FTIR and gravimetrically weighted.
An in-depth insight into the chemistry and nature of the individual chemical bonds is essential for understanding materials. Bonding analysis is thus expected to provide important features for large-scale data analysis and machine learning of material properties. Such chemical bonding information can be computed using the LOBSTER software package, which post-processes modern density functional theory data by projecting the plane wave-based wave functions onto an atomic orbital basis. With the help of a fully automatic workflow, the VASP and LOBSTER software packages are used to generate the data. We then perform bonding analyses on 1520 compounds (insulators and semiconductors) and provide the results as a database. The projected densities of states and bonding indicators are benchmarked on standard density-functional theory computations and available heuristics, respectively. Lastly, we illustrate the predictive power of bonding descriptors by constructing a machine learning model for phononic properties, which shows an increase in prediction accuracies by 27% (mean absolute errors) compared to a benchmark model differing only by not relying on any quantum-chemical bonding features.
Microplastic (MP) contamination in natural water circulation is a concern for environmental issues and human health. Various types of polymer materials have been identified and were detected in MP analytic test procedures. Beyond MP polymer type, particle size and form play a major role in water analysis due to possible negative toxicologic effects on flora and fauna. However, the correct quantitative measurement of MP size distribution over several orders of magnitude is strongly influenced by sample preparation, filtration materials and processes, and microanalytical techniques, as well as data acquisition and analysis. In this paper, a reference methodology is presented aiming at an improved quantitative analysis of MP particles. An MP analysis workflow is demonstrated including all steps from reference materials to sample preparation, filtration handling, and MP particle size distribution analysis. Background-corrected particle size distributions (1–1000 µm) have been determined for defined polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reference samples. Microscopically measured particle numbers and errors have been cross-checked with the total initial mass. In particular, defined reference MP samples (PE, PET) are initially characterized and applied to filtration experiments. Optical microscopy imaging on full-area Si filters with subsequent image analysis algorithms is used for statistical particle size distribution analysis. To quantify the effects of handling and filtration, several blind tests with distilled water are carried out to determine the particle background for data evaluation. Particle size distributions of PE and PET reference samples are qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced with respect to symmetry, and maximum and cut-off diameter of the distribution. It is shown that especially MP particles with a radius of >50 µm can be detected and retrieved with high reliability. For particle sizes <50 µm, a significant interference with background contamination is observed. Data from blank samples allows a correction of background contaminations. Furthermore, for enhanced sampling statistics, the recovery of the initial amount of MP will be qualitatively shown. The results are intended as an initial benchmark for MP analytics quality. This quality is based on statistical MP particle distributions and covers the complete analytic workflow starting from sample preparation to filtration and detection. Microscopic particle analysis provides an important supplement for the evaluation of established spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy.
Worldwide there is a variety of regulatory provisions addressing nanomaterials. The identification as nanomaterial in a regulatory context often has the consequence that specific legal rules apply. In identifying nanomaterials, and to find out whether nanomaterial-specific provisions apply, the external size of particles is globally used as a criterion. For legal certainty, its assessment for regulatory purposes should be based on measurements and methods that are robust, fit for the purpose and ready to be accepted by different stakeholders and authorities. This should help to assure the safety of nanomaterials and at the same time facilitate their international trading. Therefore, we propose a categorisation scheme which is driven by the capabilities of common characterisation techniques for particle size measurement. Categorising materials according to this scheme takes into account the particle properties that are most important for a determination of their size. The categorisation is exemplified for the specific particle number based size metric of the European Commission's recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, but it is applicable to other metrics as well. Matching the performance profiles of the measurement techniques with the material property profiles (i) allows selecting the most appropriate size determination technique for every type of material considered, (ii) enables proper identification of nanomaterials, and (iii) has the potential to be accepted by regulators, industry and consumers alike. Having such a scheme in place would facilitate the regulatory assessment of nanomaterials in regional legislation as well as in international relations between different regulatory regions assuring the safe trade of nanomaterials.
Mesoporous phosphates are a group of nanostructured materials with promising applications, particularly in biomedicine and catalysis. However, their controlled synthesis via conventional template-based routes presents a number of challenges and limitations. Here, we show how to synthesize a mesoporous Magnesium phosphate with a high surface area and a well-defined pore structure through thermal decomposition of a crystalline struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precursor. In a first step, struvite crystals with various morphologies and sizes, ranging from a few micrometers to several millimeters, had been synthesized from supersaturated aqueous solutions (saturation index (SI) between 0.5 and 4) at ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Afterwards, the crystals were thermally treated at 70–250 °C leading to the release of structurally bound water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). By combining thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), N2 sorption analyses and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) we show that this decomposition process results in a pseudomorphic transformation of the original struvite into an amorphous Mg-phosphate. Of particular importance is the fact that the final material is characterized by a very uniform mesoporous structure with 2–5 nm wide pore channels, a large specific surface area of up to 300 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of up to 0.28 cm3 g−1. Our struvite decomposition method is well controllable and reproducible and can be easily extended to the synthesis of other mesoporous phosphates. In addition, the so produced mesoporous material is a prime candidate for use in biomedical applications considering that Magnesium phosphate is a widely used, non-toxic substance that has already shown excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Structural modularity of polymer frameworks is a key advantage of covalent organic polymers, however, only C, N, O, Si and S have found their way into their building blocks so far. Here, we expand the toolbox available to polymer and materials chemists by one additional nonmetal, phosphorus. Starting with a building block that contains a λ⁵‐phosphinine (C₅P) moiety, we evaluate a number of polymerisation protocols, finally obtaining a π‐conjugated, covalent phosphinine‐based framework (CPF‐1) via Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling. CPF‐1 is a weakly porous polymer glass (72.4 m2 g‐1 N2 BET at 77 K) with green fluorescence (λmax 546 nm) and extremely high thermal stability. The polymer catalyzes hydrogen evolution from water under UV and visible light irradiation without the need for additional co‐catalyst at a rate of 33.3 μmol h‐¹ g‐¹. Our results demonstrate for the first time the incorporation of the phosphinine motif into a complex polymer framework. Phosphinine‐based frameworks show promising electronic and optical properties that might spark future interest in their applications in light‐emitting devices and heterogeneous catalysis.
We present a first-principles approach for the computation of the magnetic Gibbs free energy ofmaterials using magnetically constrained supercell calculations. Our approach is based on an adiabatic approximation of slowly varying local moment orientations, the so-called finite-temperature disordered local moment picture. It describes magnetic phase transitions and how electronic and/or magnetostructural mechanisms generate a discontinuous (first-order) character. We demonstrate that the statistical mechanics of the local moment orientations can be described by an affordable number of supercell calculations containing noncollinear magnetic configurations.
The applicability of our approach is illustrated by firstly studying the ferromagnetic state in bcc Fe. We then investigate the temperature-dependent properties of a triangular antiferromagnetic state stabilizing in two antiperovskite systems Mn3AN (A = Ga, Ni). Our calculations provide the negative thermal expansion of These materials as well as the ab initio origin of the discontinuous character of the phase transitions, electronic and/or magnetostructural, in good agreement with experiment.
We study single-site and two-site defect structures in B2-type Fe-Al alloys by means of density functional theory supercell calculations. The defect formation energies are calculated as functions of the chemical potential, which are used to obtain the dependence of the defect concentrations on Al content at different temperatures. We also examine the converging behavior of the formation energies with respect to the supercell size to study the corresponding limit of dilute defects. The effect of magnetism is investigated by considering nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and paramagnetic states, calculations for the latter showing that the magnitude of the local magnetic moments strongly impacts the defect formation energies. The methodological studies are used to provide explanations for the wide spread of defect formation energies reported by experiments and other theoretical investigations. Based on these insights, the stability of the B2-FeAl structure as a function of Al concentration is obtained and discussed.
Ring-expansion polymerizations (REPs) catalyzed by two cyclic tin catalysts(2-stanna-1.3-dioxa-4,5,6,7-dibenzazepine [SnBiph] and
2,2-dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3-dithiolane [DSTL) are performed at 140 °C in bulk.
Small amounts (4 vol%) of chlorobenzene or other solvents are added to facilitate transesterification reactions (ring–ring equilibration) in the solid poly(l-lactide)s. In the mass range up to m/z 13 000 crystalline PLAs displaying a so-called saw-tooth pattern in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra are obtained indicating the formation of extended-ring crystals. The characteristics of extended-ring crystallites and folded-ring crystallites are discussed. Furthermore, extremely high melting temperatures (Tm’s up to 201.2 °C) and melting enthalpies (𝚫Hm’s up to 106 J g−1)) are found confirming that 𝚫Hmmax, the 𝚫Hm of a perfect crystal, is around or above 115 J g−1 in contrast to literature data.