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The main flame retardant modes of action are well known, but in practise the detailed scientific understanding usually falls short, when it comes to modern multicomponent systems, the important tiny optimizations, or quantifying in terms of specific fire properties. This talk delivers thought-provoking impulses, picking up some overseen details as well as raising basic questions. A detailed scientific insight in flame retardant modes of action much more than an overview is presented.
Carbon fibre (CF) and glass fibre (GF) reinforced polymers are used for diverse applications demaning flame and fire retardancy in the fire scenarios ignition, developing fire and fully developed fire. The fire behaviour of composites differs from polymers, since fibres behave often inert with respect to pyrolysis, change the melt flow / dripping behaviour, the heat absorption and transfer, the amount and properties of the fire residue. Concepts are needed suitable for the different fire protection goals, but also tailored for composites. The field is illuminated by examples carried out in the group of the author in the recent years. Approaches to halogen-free flame retardancy in GF reinforced thermoplastics and CF reinforced thermosets are presented as well as building up a bench and intermediate scale testing of composites in fire applying mechanical load and direct flame exposure simultaneously. The understanding of fire behaviour and flame retardancy modes of action in composites is a promising basis for target-oriented development.