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The sources of human error
(2017)
Perfect flawless performance does not exist. Yet we expect people in organisations with high safety and reliability demand to perform at their best so that the systems designed, operated and maintained by people do not fail. Still, even the best guarded systems fail. The goal of the study of human factors is avoiding the negative effects of the interaction between humans and technology as well as decreasing them to increase the well-being of people, functioning of the systems, and safety. This is achieved by identifying human performance problems, by applying human knowledge to the design of the system, and by utilizing gained knowledge to other similar situations that exist currently or will occur in the future.
This presentation will outline the definition, classification and misconceptions about human error and discuss the differences between traditional and contemporary understanding and prevention of human error. Practical examples from own research, highlighting the importance of identifying risks and appropriately dealing with them, will be given.
Dass die Zuverlässigkeit der ZfP eine sehr wichtige Rolle bei der Bewertung sicherheitsrelevanter Systeme spielt, ist bekannt. Laut dem modularen Zuverlässigkeitsmodell für zerstörungsfreie Prüfprozesse hängt die Zuverlässigkeit von der innewohnenden (physikalisch-technischen) Fähigkeit der Prüfsystems, den Anwendungsparametern, den menschlichen Faktoren und dem organisatorischen Kontext ab. Seit Einführung des Modells während des ersten Workshops zur Zuverlässigkeit der ZfP (European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE) wurde das Modell in weiteren fünf Workshops stetig weiterentwickelt, diskutiert und an den Stand der Wissenschaft angepasst. Das Ziel dieser Publikation ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion und die neusten Fragestellungen der internationalen Zuverlässigkeitsgemeinschaft vorzustellen. Im Einzelnen werden die Entwicklung fortgeschrittener Modelle zur Bewertung der Probability of Detection (POD), Bewertungsansätze im Bereich Structural Health Monitoring und Fragestellungen zu den menschlichen Faktoren dargestellt. Besonderer Wert wurde sowohl auf die Entwicklung, als auch auf die Anwendung der Ansätze in der industriellen Praxis gelegt.
The capabilities of pedestrians for evacuation have a significant impact on the time required to reach a safe place. Usually, the evacuation is split into two main stages: pre-movement-phase and movement-phase. For both a large number of studies investigate different representations of behaviour and impacts. But the influence of impairments is usually not taken into account. In addition, most of the scientific researches focus the investigation of the movement phase.
This publication presents a novel approach to score the need for assistance and to estimate the effect on evacuation performance. The proposed score considers characteristic impairments in three dimensions of behaviour: reception, perception and realisation.
In an unannounced evacuation training in a sheltered workshop, the evacuation behaviour and pre-movement phase were analysed. The analysis indicates that the pre-movement time depends on the kind of impairment as well as on organisational boundaries. Despite the special needs for assistance, the evacuation process in a sheltered workshop is quite similar to other sub-populations.