Präsentation
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2017 (10) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (7)
- Posterpräsentation (3)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (10)
Schlagworte
- Degradation (10) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (7)
Wasserstoff kann in Überlagerung mit Beanspruchungen zu einem unerwarteten Werkstoffversagen in höherfesten Stählen führen (wasserstoffunterstützte Schädigung von Metallen, starke Abnahme des Verformungsvermögens). In der Schweißtechnik besteht die Gefahr der wasserstoffunterstützten Kaltrissbildung. Die Aufnahme von Wasserstoff während des Schweißens lässt sich gänzlich nicht verhindern. Höherfeste Feinkornbaustähle um 700 MPa werden zunehmend mit unterschiedlichen Legierungskonzepten und Herstellungsrouten produziert. Diese Unterschiede erzeugen ein differentes Gefüge und Aussscheidungscharakteristik bei nominell ähnlichen Festigkeiten. Wichtige Vertreter sind der S690QL und der S700MC. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen eine deutliche Abnahme der mechanisch-technologischen Gütewerte, zum anderen eine differente Degradation durch Wasserstoff. Signifikant ist die Abnahme der wahren Bruchdehnung bei bereits geringen Wasserstoffkonzentrationen unterhalb 4 ppm. Weiterhin wurde das Wasserstoffbindungsverhalten (Trapping) im Grundwerkstoff und im schweißsimulierten Gefüge untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Bindungsenergie und des Fallencharakters. Die Resultate belegen, dass eine Reduzierung des eingebrachten Wasserstoffs unabdingbar ist für einen sicheren Betrieb geschweißter Komponenten aus höherfestem Feinkornbaustahl.
Renewable resources become more and more relevant to maintain energy demands for an increasing global population. Biosynthetic fuels like biodiesel might replace conventional petrochemical fuels. In this study the influence of microbial growth on biodiesel and diesel on the storage tank systems were investigated. Polymeric fuel storage tanks for diesel and biodiesel provide suitable environmental conditions for a broad spectrum of fungi and various bacteria, including cyanobacteria and aerobic heterotrophic, and even anaerobic, fermentative Bacteria. However, the questions whether and how ageing of the materials is affected by biofouling processes have not been answered so far. Therefore, a model system for biofilm formation was established to study the initial attachment phase of bacteria in dependency of ageing, quality and surface modification of thermoplastic polymers used for storage tank systems. The microbial survey is closely connected with a detailed characterization of the material’s properties and its ageing processes.
A widely applied plastic used for fuel storage tanks is high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), which is available with various additives to increase UV-light stability and even for the storage of biodiesel. These materials were aged under UV-light and temperature using a defined climate chamber set-up. Further, the repeated filling of fuels was mimicked for such storage tanks, as this has an important impact on the life-cycle length for the storage Container. The aged polymers showed a significant change in the material’s characteristics, including surface characteristics (e.g. hydrophobicity) and carbonyl groups. The effect of the changed material properties on the biofilm formation are studied using bacterial isolates, previously obtained from a “dieselpest”, and as a model-reference E. coli. The unaged polymers showed already some significant differences for the initial attachment of E. coli K12. Polyethylene with additives was colonized faster than the reference material (without additives) although the final biofilm coverage was not impaired. Likewise, the settlement of a kerosene-isolated Bacillus species on the unaged materials independently of additives was only minor interfered.
In future, our results should give stakeholders in industry and public authorities a better estimation of the life-cycle security for fuel storage tank systems and on the fuel quality. Further, our results could help to test and develop new materials or additives to prevent biofouling processes.
Sustainable energy and clean engine fuels receive more and more attention. Petrodiesel could be substituted by biofuels such as biodiesel produced from renewable resources. Biodiesel is derived by transesterification of oils with alcohols for example vegetable oils, animal fats or food waste. Its chemical composition of unsaturated fatty methyl acids causes biodiesels susceptibility to oxidation. Especially, the polymer-biodiesel performance under long-term conditions has been considered only in few researches.
Our study addresses a long-term storage scenario of a polymeric fuel tank containing biodiesel or diesel.
The application range of CPV (composite pressure vessels)
is multifaceted. But also the failure forms and the spectrum of measurement methods is manifold. On various, at BAM observed effects, it is shown why the micromechanical analysis of the composites is of such great interest for the prediction of aging effects of CPVs.
This presentation mentions the most important safety items that should be improved from the perspective of Germany.
These are the improvement of the understanding and definition of term "safety", the agreement on procedures for the measurement of safety and the issue of degradation in combination with the safety level to be ensured until end of life.
For using probabilistic experience for the whole production adequate measures for surveillance of the production should additionally become mandatory to be taken into account.
The essential aspects of these issues are shortly explained and highlighted by especially aspects of the slow burst testing with respect to non-cycle fatigue sensitive designs and the hint on the general scatter of properties (Monte-Carlo simulation).