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Here, we introduce the BEAT-AMR consortium, which is recommended for funding within the 3rd call of the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR).
The aim of the consortium is to investigate fundamental mechanisms that shape antimicrobial resistance in biofilms in relation to the surface and then translate those findings into clinical practice. We thereby aim to generate clinical recommendations on the combinatorial use of biomaterials coated with antimicrobials and antibiotics that avoid the occurrence and transmission of nosocomial biofilm infections with bacteria insusceptible to antibiotics. We established a Europe-wide network of experts in biofilm research, antimicrobial resistance, material sciences, and translational medicine that allows us to investigate those aspects in a coherent framework.
Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria found on surfaces that become embedded within a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Bacteria living in biofilms can tolerate much higher antibiotic concentrations compared to planktonic bacteria and survive long enough to evolve antimicrobial resistance (AMR). They form persistent, hard-to-treat infections and exhibit an intrinsic biology that promotes the development and transmission of AMR. The goal of our consortium is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials, how AMR mutations are acquired and evolve within mature biofilms, and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of AMR. Our team provides facilities and clinical research governance for experimental and translational medicine. Our synergy of laboratory, clinical and translational research across Europe will ensure the development of novel and successful interventions and therapeutic outcomes.
Here, we introduce the BEAT-AMR consortium, which is recommended for funding within the 3rd call of the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). mechanisms that shape antimicrobial resistance in biofilms.
The aim of the consortium is to investigate fundamental in relation to the surface and then translate those findings into clinical practice. We thereby aim to generate clinical recommendations on the combinatorial use of biomaterials coated with antimicrobials and antibiotics that avoid the occurrence and transmission of nosocomial biofilm infections with bacteria insusceptible to antibiotics. We established a Europe-wide network of experts in biofilm research, antimicrobial resistance, material sciences, and translational medicine that allows us to investigate those aspects in a coherent framework.
Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria found on surfaces that become embedded within a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Bacteria living in biofilms can tolerate much higher antibiotic concentrations compared to planktonic bacteria and survive long enough to evolve antimicrobial resistance (AMR). They form persistent, hard-to-treat infections and exhibit an intrinsic biology that promotes the development and transmission of AMR. The goal of our consortium is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials, how AMR mutations are acquired and evolve within mature biofilms, and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of AMR. Our team provides facilities and clinical research governance for experimental and translational medicine. Our synergy of laboratory, clinical and translational research across Europe will ensure the development of novel and successful interventions and therapeutic outcomes.
Near Ambient Pressure XPS opens up a new world of possibilities for measurements with XPS. While there are examples where NAP-XPS has been used to study electrochemical processes and heterogeneous catalysis, little attention has been paid to its potential use in biological materials. Until now, bacteria have only been characterised with conventional XPS, which requires tedious sample preparation usually involving freeze drying, a treatment that may degrade biological sample constituents. By studying biological samples in their native wet states, new insight about composition, absorption and transport of drugs through cell membranes and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layers can be obtained. Both artificial model-films of exopolysaccharides and biofilms of Escherichia Coli have been characterised at pressures ranging from ultra-high vacuum to 15 mbar by using SPECS’ EnviroESCA NAP-XPS instrument and conventional XPS. By applying antimicrobials to model biofilms, some of which are known to be resistant towards the antimicrobial in question, the distribution of antimicrobials in biofilms has been studied. Capabilities and limitations of the approach will be discussed.
Bacterial biofilms represent a ubiquitous form of microbial life on Earth. Due to an evolved armory of protean biological responses to external stimuli, bacteria are able to adhere to, colonize and thrive on virtually all surfaces, whether natural or synthetic, even in challenging environmental conditions. In addition to significant health risks, biofilms are among the salient contributors to the deterioration of metals and their alloys, thereby causing safety risks for technical equipment. Hence, understanding the interaction mechanisms of electroactive sessile bacteria with metal surfaces is vital for facilitating the development of efficient control strategies and novel anti-fouling surfaces in various industries and technologies.
The present study focusses on a combined spectroelectrochemical approach, melding methods of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and electrochemical techniques, to investigate the chemical characteristics and redox activities of electroactive bacteria during the initial stages of biofilm formation. Gold has been selected as a model substrate due to its inert character, considerably high surface enhancement factor, as well as its capability to allow surface chemistry modifications and substrate polarization in order to precisely control the surface charge. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies have been performed for quantitative determination of flavin concentration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been utilized to study the changes in electrochemical processes within biofilms during different stages of growth. Shewanella sp. have been chosen as microorganisms within this work due to their versatile exoelectrogenic respiratory behavior and their distinct ability to reduce metals via extracellular electron transfer mechanisms involving self-secreted electron shuttle redox molecules such as flavins. To further explicate the process of diffusion of flavins within biofilms, a model system has been developed to simulate the structural features of the bacterial extracellular polymeric substances typically found in biofilms. This has been achieved by creating hydrogel films comprised of calcium-cross-linked alginate. The results demonstrate an interplay of factors contributing to the initial phases of bacterial settlement and biofilm formation as a function of environmental parameters. Furthermore, the results allow insight into the diffusion of flavins, much like they would in a natural biofilm, and how their redox behavior affects the biofilm development.
A drawback for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is that the measurements must be performed under ultra-high vacuum, which limits the type of samples which can be studied. However, by applying a differentially pumped aperture positioned close to the surface, even wet samples can be measured at near ambient pressure while the energy analyser is still under ultra-high vacuum, as illustrated below. Successful XPS-measurements with pressure up to 30 mbar have been reported using this approach, which opens up a new world of possibilities for ambient pressure measurements with XPS.
While there are examples where NAP-XPS has been used to study electrochemical processes and heterogeneous catalysis, little attention has been paid to its potential use in biological materials. Until now, bacteria have only been characterised with conventional XPS, which requires tedious sample preparation usually involving freeze drying, a treatment that may degrade biological sample constituents. By studying biological samples in their native wet states, new insight about composition, absorption and transport of drugs through cell membranes and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) layers can be obtained.
Both artificial model-films of exopolysaccharides and biofilms of Escherichia Coli have been characterised at pressures ranging from ultra-high vacuum to 15 mbar by using SPECS’ EnviroESCA NAP-XPS instrument and conventional XPS. By applying antimicrobials to model biofilms, some of which are known to be resistant towards the antimicrobial in question, the distribution of antimicrobials in biofilms has been studied. Measurement capabilities and limitations of the approach will be discussed.
Here, we introduce the BEAT-AMR consortium, which is recommended for funding within the 3rd call of the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR). The aim of the consortium is to investigate fundamental mechanisms that shape antimicrobial resistance in biofilms in relation to the surface and then translate those findings into clinical practice. We thereby aim to generate clinical recommendations on the combinatorial use of biomaterials coated with antimicrobials and antibiotics that avoid the occurrence and transmission of nosocomial biofilm infections with bacteria insusceptible to antibiotics. We established a Europe-wide network of experts in biofilm research, antimicrobial resistance, material sciences, and translational medicine that allows us to investigate those aspects in a coherent framework.
A relatively recent advance in microbiology is the finding that the majority of infections are caused by bacterial biofilms. Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria found on surfaces that become embedded within a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms can form on tissues or on biomedical surfaces, such as blood catheters or implants, where they act as a reservoir of potential healthcare-associated infection. Bacteria living in biofilms can tolerate much higher antibiotic concentrations compared to planktonic bacteria and survive long enough to evolve antimicrobial resistance (AMR). They form persistent, hard-to-treat infections and exhibit an intrinsic biology that promotes the development and transmission of AMR. The goal of our consortium is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials, how AMR mutations are acquired and evolve within mature biofilms, and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of AMR. We address the hypothesis that understanding the contribution of biofilms to AMR acquisition and spread will lead to the development of novel antimicrobial strategies and medical devices that are more effective in preventing biofilm-associated infection and AMR. Our team provides facilities and clinical research governance for experimental and translational medicine. Our synergy of laboratory, clinical and translational research across Europe will ensure the best chance to develop novel and successful interventions and therapeutic outcomes.