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Safe food is a prerequisite for good human health, however currently almost one in ten people in the world fall ill after eating contaminated food. National food safety authorities need to be able to manage food safety risks along the entire food chain. The Official Controls Regulation (EU) 2017/625 was put in place to ensure that food and feed law stipulates the need for validated analytical methods. However, whilst method development for food control and proficiency testing are well established by European Union Reference Laboratories and National Reference Laboratories, validation of the measurements involved, certified reference materials and internationally recognised calibration and measurement capabilities are currently often (?) lacking. This may erode trust in the accuracy of the measurements.
This poster presents Food-MetNet, a coordinated preparatory initiative to establish the European Metrology Network for Safe and Sustainable Food, recently approved by the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET). Food-MetNet aims to establish an ongoing dialogue between the metrology community, reference laboratories and regulatory bodies, in order to (i) identify stakeholders’ needs, (ii) develop a sustainable knowledge-sharing programme and web-based platform for stakeholders and (iii) develop roadmaps and a strategic research agenda. Improved access to more reliable and accurate food safety measurements will enable reference laboratories to more confidently and effectively compare their measurement results and support accreditation. This is particularly important where national food safety authorities need to assess potential new contaminants, novel food ingredients and newly emerging food risks, and new measurements methods may be required as well as input into new documentary standards. The activities for sustainable food intend to boost the activity within the "EU green deal framework" to reduce food waste and losses, and the development of standards and methods that allow for the reuse of food waste. The support to new business opportunities and innovation will allow increasing the market competitiveness of EU food industries and the valorisation of waste by reducing environmental impacts.
McSAS3 is a refactored software package for fitting large batches of (X-ray or Neutron) scattering data. It uses a Monte-Carlo acceptance-rejection algorithm to optimize model parameters - ideal for analysis of size-disperse scatterers.
The refactored code can exploit multiprocessing, traceably stores (multiple) results in the output file, and allows for re-histogramming of previous optimizations. Besides analysis of large batches, it can also be integrated in automated data processing pipelines.
The live demonstration will show how to use the software, what its limitations are, and what outcomes can look like for batches of results.
Tire wear particles (TW) are generated by the abrasions of tires on the road surface through traffic. These particles can be transported by air and surface runoff and might also infiltrate the soil and consequently affect terrestrial ecosystems. The estimated tire wear (TW) emissions are immense, with 1.33 106 t a-1 in Europe. Despite this, only little is known about the environmental contents or the fate of TW.
One reason for this knowledge gap is the challenging analysis of TW in environmental samples. Detection of TW with spectroscopic methods is problematic due to high fluorescence interferences caused by contained black carbon. One analytical approach is to use zinc (Zn), a typical additive in tires, as a specific marker for the quantification of tire wear. However, any Zn originating from the sample matrix must be separated beforehand and requires elaborate sample preparation.
Car tires consist partly of synthetic rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR). This SBR could be identified and quantified via Thermal-Extraction-Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). This newly developed and fast screening method allows the simultaneous detection of microplastics and TW mass contents and requires minimal to no sample preparation. Firstly the sample is thermally extracted in a thermobalance under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting specific decomposition products are sorbed on a solid phase adsorber, which is then transferred to a GC-MS via an autosampler, where the products are desorbed, separated and identified. Cyclohexenylbenzene is used as a specific marker for SBR.
Here we investigated top layer soil samples, collected at the roadside of highly frequented German highways. Samples were analyzed without sample preparation, and SBR was detected in all investigated samples in mass contents ranging from 67.2 to 2230 mg kg-1. A correlation between SBR and Zn content in the soil was confirmed, while the correlation between SBR and Corg was hardly pronounced. We successfully demonstrated the application of TED-GC-MS as a screening method for tire wear in soil samples.
The present study will discuss these analytical results in detail as well as sampling parameters like sampling depth and distance to the roadside, and the effect of the particle size on the particle transport by water runoff and air.
While plastics have become indispensable in our daily lives over the last decades, the input into the environment has been increasing concurrently. Plastics often end up in the environment because of intensive use and poor waste management practice. They are subjected to aging and fragmentation and finally be deposited as microplastic particles or in short microplastics (MP). MP are defined as particles originating from synthetic polymers between 1 µm and 5 mm.
Although the pervasive abundance of MP in aquatic environments has been demonstrated comprehensively, less is known about the occurrence and fate of MP in terrestrial ecosystems. It is still unclear if soil functions as a MP source or a sink for aquatic environments. MP can either be transported into water bodies by soil erosion or be retained in soils. The few studies published are not comparable because of non-existent harmonized and standardized methods for sampling, sample preparation, and analysis.
For an assessment of a potential exposure situation of MP, the determination of a mass content in the soil is crucial. Consequently, spectroscopic methods like Raman or FTIR are not suitable, as they deliver information about the shape and size of individual particles. Therefore, we show the application of ThermoExtractionDesorption-GasChromatography-MassSpectrometry (TED-GC-MS) for MP analysis in the soil. In this method, the soil sample is heated up to 600 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The decomposition gases are sorbed on a solid phase, then transferred to a GS-MS system where they are desorbed, separated and identified. The method allows the rapid identification of individual polymers through the detection of specific decomposition products, but also the quantitative determination of the MP mass. Besides thermoplastics, elastomers originated from tire abrasion, can be detected.
In the present study, several terrestrial ecosystems in south-west Germany were systematically sampled. Subsequent sample preparation included sieving in fractions of 5-100 µm, 100-1000 µm, and 1-5 mm. MP were extracted by density separation using ZnCl2 solutions. The detection was done by TED-GC-MS measurements. Data of agricultural areas and floodplains are presented exemplarily. A quantitative assessment of highly occurring MP from littering as well as tire abrasion is conducted.
BAM is the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing and the competent authority for mechanical and thermal safety assessment of transport packages for spent fuel and high level waste. In context with safety assessment of RAM packages BAM performed numerous drop tests in the last decades. The tests were mostly accompanied by extensive and various measurement techniques especially by instrumented measurements with strain gages and accelerometers.
The procedure of drop testing and the resulting measurement analysis are the main methods to evaluate the safety against mechanical test conditions. Measurement techniques are dedicated to answer questions in regard to the structural integrity of a RAM package, the mechanical behavior of the prototype as well as of its content under impact conditions.
Test results like deceleration-time functions constitute a main basis for the validation of assumptions in the safety analysis and for the evaluation of numerical calculations. In this context the adequate selection of accelerometers and measurement systems for the performance of drop tests is important. Therefore it is not only necessary to find suitable positions for the accelerometers at the test specimens, but also to consider technical boundary conditions as e.g. temperature.
The presence, fate and effects of microplastics (MP) in terrestrial systems are largely unknown. The few existing studies investigated either agricultural or industrial sites. Several techniques were used for analysis, primarly spectroscopic methods such as FTIR or Raman. Sample pretreatments like density separations are common to reduce matrix. A lack of harmonised and standardised sampling instructions for microplastic investigations in the terrestrial area was identified as particular critical, because different studies are barely comparable.
The aim of the project is to develop a proposal for a harmonized procedure for sampling, sample preparation and the detection of microplastics in terrestrial matrices for total content determination. By detecting specific degradation products the thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS) allows a direct determination of mass content of MP in environmental samples.