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To exploit application fields beyond packaging for biodegradable materials, flame retardancy and increased mechanical strength are usually required. This work focuses on the flammability of a thermoplastic starch/polyester blend reinforced with natural fibers derived from Mexican industry processes wastes, such as keratin fibers from the tannery industry, coconut fibers (coconut industry), and agave tequilana fibers and henequen fibers from tequila industry. Different fiber contents as well as combinations of varying contents of aluminum trihydroxide, expandable graphite, aluminum diethylphosphinate or ammonium polyphosphate are investigated. It is the goal to propose sustainable waste fibers as adjuvants improving the flame retardancy. This work provides the proof of principle for sustainable biodegradable flame retarded biocomposites.
In Germany, a quantity of more than 10 million metric tons of masonry rubble is generated per year. With regard to a sustainable closed substance cycle waste management, these rest masses have to be recovered if possible. The end-of-life (EOL) phase of masonry includes the planning steps of demolition, processing and application. The choice of the most sustainable solution raises questions regarding material technology, plant engineering, economic efficiency and ecological issues. For this purpose, a methodological concept for a holistic assessment of the EOL phase of masonry is developed within the scope of a doctoral thesis. For the assessment the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is adapted. The assessment concept enables a holistic comparison of different EOL scenarios for masonry while integrating all planning steps. It combines Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Life Cycle Working Environment (LCWE), economic evaluation methods and material testing. In future, various scenarios can be evaluated with regard to the goals of the European and German waste management industry.