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Axial force identification is of importance in the field of structural restoration and safety assessment for civil engineering structures composed of axially loaded members, such as roof trusses, truss girders and space trusses. Based on the state of research relating to the identification of the axial forces of iron and steel truss structures and advances in dynamic testing methods in the past decades, a research project has been started with the aim to develop a non-destructive methodology to identify the real axial stress state in existing iron and steel truss structures making use of the modal parameters of the structure’s natural frequencies and mode shapes. The characteristics of the systems of focus are light-weight iron and steel trusses consisting of filigree members that are primarily subjected to axial forces.
Based on the state-of-the-art research and advances in dynamic testing methods in the past decades, the research project aims to develop a non-destructive methodology to determine the axial forces and real stress state in existing truss structures making use of the vibration signatures of the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Furthermore, it aims to estimate the joint rigidity of trusses as well as to design structural health monitoring schemes for the safety of existing truss-type structures.
The inverse identification of the stress state in axially loaded slender members of iron and steel truss structures using measured dynamic data is discussed. A methodology is proposed based on the finite element model updating coupled with nature-inspired optimization techniques, in particular the particle swarm optimization. The numerical model of truss structures is calibrated using natural frequencies and mode shapes from vibration tests, as well as additional information of the axial forces in selected truss members based on the experimentally identified modal parameters. The results of the identification are the axial forces or corresponding stresses in truss structures and the joint rigidity in relation to pinned and rigid conditions.