Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Schlagworte
- Geopolymers (2)
- Acoustic emission (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Concrete properties (1)
- Feuerwiderstand (1)
- Fire protection (1)
- Fire resistance (1)
- Fly ash geopolymer concrete (1)
- Geopolymerbeton (1)
Als umweltschonende Alternative zu portlandzementgebundenen
Betonen werden derzeit in der Betonindustrie und in der
Baustoffforschung Betone mit alkaliaktivierten Bindemitteln,
sog. Geopolymerbetone, intensiv erforscht. Die auf industriellen
Reststoffen wie Flugasche und Hüttensand basierenden anorganischen
Bindemittel weisen bei geeigneter Zusammensetzung
einen hohen Widerstand gegenüber aggressiven Salzlösungen
und Säuren auf. Als Grundlage für den rechnerischen
Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit von brandbeanspruchten Betonbauteilen
auf Basis von alkaliaktivierten Bindemitteln werden
deshalb an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
(BAM) die mechanischen Hochtemperatureigenschaften
von flugaschebasierten Geopolymerbetonen systematisch
untersucht.
Die bis zu 750 °C erhitzten Probekörper mit quarzitischer
und leichter Gesteinskörnung zeigen einen Festigkeitsverlust
bis ca. 300 °C, der auf entwässerungsbedingte Mikrorissbildung
zurückgeführt werden kann. Bei weiter zunehmender
Temperatur steigt aufgrund von Sinterungsprozessen ab
ca. 500 °C die Festigkeit der untersuchten Geopolymerbetone
wieder an. Diese im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem Beton günstigere
Materialeigenschaft eröffnet potenziell auch Anwendungsmöglichkeiten
in brandschutztechnisch kritischen Infrastrukturbereichen.
Die Ergebnisse der thermomechanischen
Prüfungen werden für numerische Bauteilberechnungen als
temperaturabhängige Spannungs-Dehnungs-Beziehungen aufbereitet.
Fly ash-based, ambient-cured geopolymer concretes for a round-robin durability testing program were designed and characterized. Optimum activator composition was determined based on the Chemical composition of the amorphous part of the fly ash. Fly ash content, water content, and grading curves of the aggregates were varied for the concretes. Characterization of the concretes involved flow diameter, air void content, density, compressive strength, and permeability. The workability of the concretes was notably sensitive to changes in the mix-design. The majority of strength development in the concretes occurred within the first 28 days of curing; concrete strengths reached up to 86 MPa after 56 days. Two concretes, both with sufficient workability, but significantly different grading curve, water content, strength and permeability were identified to be suitable for the round-robin testing program.
Two fly ash-based geopolymer concretes with quartz aggregates or with expanded clay (lightweight) aggregates were exposed to the ISO 834-1 standard fire curve in a small-scale fire test set-up. Acoustic emission measurements during fire exposure and subsequent cooling were employed to study spalling events and cracking during the tests. Optical microscopy and additional acoustic measurements were conducted after the testing to better understand the crack propagation in the samples. The testing revealed that neither of the concretes were susceptible to spalling, which is particularly notable for the concrete with quartz aggregates, as it is a high-strength concrete. This behavior is attributed to the relatively high permeability of the concretes and their low amount of chemically bound water. Significant crack formation was detected only around the temperature of the alpha–beta quartz transition (573 °C) and on cooling. Because of aggregate deformations at the quartz transition temperature, deterioration after heating was more significant in the geopolymer concrete with quartz aggregates. Crack formation also occurred in the concrete with expanded clay aggregates, caused by shrinkage of the geopolymer paste on cooling. Acoustic emission measurements proved to be a valuable tool to investigate processes during high temperature exposure.
The passive fire protection of steel structures and other load-bearing components will continue to gain importance in future years. In the present contribution, novel intumescent aluminosilicate (geopolymer-bound) composites are proposed as fire-protective coatings on steel. Steel plates coated with these materials were exposed to the standard temperature-time curve as defined in ISO 834 – 1:1999. The coatings partially foamed during curing and expanded further during thermal exposure, demonstrating their intumescent characteristic.Thermogravimetryandoscillatory rheometry determined that the intumescent behavior is attributed to a transition to a viscous state (loss factor > 1) in the temperature range of major water release, differing from conventional geopolymers. XRD and SEM images showed that the coatings had characteristics of ceramic or glass-ceramic foams after fire resistance testing, suggesting superior performance under challenging conditions. The thickness of the coatings influenced their foaming and intumescent behavior and thus the time for the coated steel plates to reach 500 °C. A number of additives were also studied with the best performance obtained from samples containing sodium tetraborate.Acoating of just 6mmwas able to delay the time it takes for a steel substrate to reach 500 °C to more than 30 minutes.