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- Emission test chamber (6)
- VOC (5)
- Interlaboratory study (4)
- Formaldehyde (3)
- ISO 16000-6 (3)
- Round robin test (3)
- VVOC (3)
- Construction products (2)
- External quality management system (2)
- OSB (2)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Most VVOC were rarely considered in the evaluation of construction products. (Salthammer, 2014) In Germany this will change because the latest version of the German AgBB scheme for health evaluation (2015) now include VVOC, e.g. ethyl acetate and ethanol. In this study selected compounds were tested with the procedure described in ISO 16017 and a method for measuring VVOC with thermal desorption was developed.
Three different adsorbents Tenax TA, Carbograph 5TD and Carbopack X were tested to analyse VVOC according to ISO 16017. For the tested VVOC, Carbograph 5TD showed the best results under the chosen analytical conditions.
A method for the determination of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) in air was developed and successfully tested for methanol and ethanol. Carbotrap 300 (R) (a multi-bed tube using Carbopack C (R), Carbopack B (R) and Carbosive SIII (R)) was selected as sorption material for thermal desorption and tested for its suitability for emission test chamber measurements. The adsorption behaviour and the chromatographic results are influenced negatively by spiking aqueous solutions on the adsorption medium for calibration purposes. The latter effect can be reduced by blowing dry air across the adsorbent to remove the adsorbed water. Detection and quantification limits were determined for a GC-FID system and compared to GC-MS. The applicability of the method was tested with a methanol eliminating silane modified polymeric adhesive (SMP-adhesive for parquet) in an emission test chamber.
Wood-based materials are well-known sources for formaldehyde emission in the indoor environment. Different testing standards lead to different emission values for the materials. Such standards are compared in this study. Besides scenarios with varying loading factors, air exchange rates and climatic conditions were investigated to evaluate the formaldehyde emission potential of different building products.
Under realistic indoor conditions used for the emission chamber tests, exceeding of formaldehyde indoor guide values were obtained. Results showed the need for improvement of wood-based materials with lower formaldehyde emissions and the adaption of testing parameters closer to realistic conditions.
The latest version of the German AgBB evaluation scheme (2015) for construction products includes some VVOC, e.g. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone. For these VVOC so-called LCI values (lowest concentration of interest) were derived which are used for the calculation of the so-called R-value (risk index, see reference 1 for the calculation). Test chamber measurements of particle boards show that the emissions of VVOC might have significant impact on the R-value and therefore for the health evaluation.
Acoustics is an important aspect for large rooms especially in schools, kindergartens and offices. Foam tiles made from melamine resins are often used for acoustic insulation because they show good fire resistance and good thermal insulation properties. But they can emit formaldehyde. In Germany there are cases with a resulting indoor air concentration of higher than 100 µg/m³. In this study samples from two schools and one office were investigated. Additionally, new tiles were purchased and tested to evaluate the general potential as formaldehyde source.
Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516
(2018)
For more than 25 years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde re-lease - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formalde-hyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assess-ment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. To determine a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. For a loading of 1 m²/m³ the conversion factor is 1.6. This means that the formaldehyde concentration measured under the conditions of EN 16516 is a factor of 1.6 higher compared to EN 717-1.
Quality and trueness of results received from measurements are very important for all involved parties, producers and consumers as well; for instance, if the results were used for acceptance of a product within a labeling procedure. Based on an inter-laboratory study with many German, European and US-American laboratories an extemal quality assurance System for the analysis of VOC emitting from products or the measurement in indoor air should be implemented (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency).
A focus was set on the emission test chamber experiments and the connected analytical procedure. VOC have a dominating influence when applying the German AgBB scheme for health evaluation of building products.
Therefore it is necessary to ensure that the results between the testing laboratories are comparable. The successful participation to such round robin tests is offen essential for the acceptance of results given by an analytical laboratory.